2021 New Mobility Study

The Sixth Annual New Mobility Study
December 2021
©This material is for general information purposes only and not intended to provide advice

2 Sixth Annual Mobility Study 2021
Disclaimer
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3
Dave Fish, Ph.D.
CEO, CuriosityCX
Dave is the founder of New Mobility
Study, a consumer experience and
consulting firm. For the last 20 years he
has been focused on understanding
human emotions, attitudes, and behavior
in decision making
James Carter
Founder, Vision Mobility
Today’s Presenters
James is the founder of Vision
Mobility, a consulting service that
specializes in providing automotive
and “New Mobility” insights to OEMs,
Dealers, Tier 1 suppliers and
Startups
Ashish Khanna
Partner, L.E.K. Consulting
Ashish is a Partner and leader of
L.E.K.’s Global New Mobility
practice. He focused on strategy
issues at the intersection of
technology disruption and the
transportation world
Becrom Basu
Becrom is a Partner in L.E.K’s London
office working on Transport and
Infrastructure engagements and works
extensively on New Mobility issues
Partner, L.E.K. Consulting

Our method
Primary Research Secondary Research Thinking

Our sample
Canada
2018, n=400
2019, n=1,200
2020, n=400
2021, n=413
US
2017, n=1,000
2018, n=1,200
2019, n=1,200
2020, n=1,000
2021, n=1,010
India*
2019, n=491
2021, n=453
UK
2018, n=400
2019, n=461
2020, n=400
2021, n=438
France
2018, n=400
2019, n=575
2020, n=474
2021, n=459
Germany
2018, n=400
2019, n=512
2020, n=408
2021, n=451
Spain*
2018, n=400
2019, n=431
2021, n=458
China
2018, n=591
2019, n=444
2020, n=406
2021, n=464
Australia
2018, n=400
2019, n=460
2020, n=436
2021, n=447
Note: * Not surveyed in 2020
Norway
2021, Gen Pop
n = 256
2021, EV
owners n=262

New mobility affects everything in our lives
CUSTOMER
B2B B2C
Public
ECOSYSTEM
TECHNOLOGY
PLATFORMS
INFRASTRUCTURE AND
GOVERNMENT
SUPPORTING
TECHNOLOGIES
ELECTRIC
SHARED
AUTONOMOUS
CONNECTED On
demand
shuttles Micro-
mobility
Aggregators
Ride Share +
Car Pool
Ride Hailing
Dealers
Subscription
Car Share
Long Haul
Transit
Rewards
Mobility as a
Service (MaaS)
Smartphone /
User Apps /
API
e-commerce
Smart charge
Operational
Platforms
Asset Sharing
Autonomous Drive
and ADAS systems
High Power
Charging
H2 stations
Zero Pollution
Mandates
Safety
Regulations
Vision Zero
Transit
Development
Grid
Development
Micro-mobility
Infrastructure
ITS
V2V / V2X
Communication
Microgrid
V2G
Dynamic
Parking
Data Sharing
Policy and
Road Rules
Public Safety
Public Safety
AI / Predictive
Modelling
Robotics
Data Logging
and Reporting
Machine / Deep
Learning
Battery
Technology
Supercapacitor
Mobile
Entertainment
Hi Def Mapping
Grid Storage
AR / VR
Voice
Recognition
Clean /
Renewable
Energy
Blockchain
Computer
Vision
LiDar
Computer
Simulation
5G
Rfid technology
Cybersecurity
VTOL

At the time of the survey, many of the countries had exited lockdowns and partially reopened
borders; the survey was conducted before the recent lockdown reconsiderations in Europe / Australia
Source: Our World in Data
0
250
500
750
1,000
Mar-20 Jul-20
May-20 Sep-20 Nov-20 Jan-21 Mar-21 May-21 Nov-21
Jul-21 Sep-21 Jan-22
Jan-20
United Kingdom
China
New cases per million – 7-day moving average
(Jan 20 – Nov 21)
Number of cases per million
Germany
Norway
France
United States
Canada
Australia
India
Spain
Survey was completed in
early November before
recent uptick in COVID
infections

Today’s agenda
03
Mobility-related
sentiment
02
Mobility Adoption and
travel patterns
04
EV sentiment
A reflection
on 2021
01 05
Electrification

Today’s agenda
03
Mobility-related
sentiment
02
travel patterns
04
EV sentiment
A reflection
on 2021
01 05
Electrification

Key themes in new mobility 2021
COVID-19
Rebound in travel as
lockdowns are lifted
Lasting behavioural
change?
Environmental
issues recognition
Increasing environmental
consciousness and
salience
COP26
Changing sentiment?
Norway leading in EV
penetration
Landscape
& regulation for EVs
Greater supply &
Increasing competition
Electrification
Government moves

2021 has seen developments across a broad cross-section of new mobility sectors
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Acquired
by Shell
2k e-Vans
ordered by
British Gas
$2.65bn
investment
round
$1bn committed
upgrade to
Cologne site
Pre-production of
electric F-150
commenced
€37m Series
B funding
confirmed
Lucid Air achieves 520mi range
Wallace Battery Innovation
Centre announced (mid-
2022 completion)
e-Van charging
infrastructure deal
with Tesco
2021
Lyft and Argo agree to
deploy 1k AVs by end-
2021
Insurance / driver coaching
product launched with
Swiss Re + Admiral
Mobility gross
bookings recovered
to 2019 levels in
London, Paris, NYC
Average UK prices
reportedly >30%
higher vs April
Launch of 4-12
month car
subscription service Launch of fully
digital long-term
car rental platform
Launch of car
subscription service for
Leaf owners with Turo
Launch in
London
$60m asset-
backed financing
raised
Launch in
Portugal
Launch in
Paris
Launch in
Essex
Micro-mobility
Ride hailing / ride sharing
EVs Car rental / subscription
Achieves $1tn
valuation after Hertz
orders 100k Model 3s
Non-Tesla charging
pilot on Netherlands
superchargers
Achieves group-
level EBITDA
profitability for the
first time
>5m electric bikes sold in 2021
in key developed markets

There is continued investor appetite for EV’s and mobility as Governments create a positive
framework through infrastructure investment and net-zero ambitions
 Governments continue to use infrastructure investments as an economic stimulus…. fuelling the “green recovery”
 Regulatory frameworks created to accelerate net-zero ambitions (e.g., UK new home builds requiring EV charger
installation) have created further commercial incentive for private investment into EVs
 It is clear that EVs and the energy transition are here to stay - investors are more confidently and aggressively
investing in the energy transition space
 Growing consumer-led ESG concerns driving large investment bodies to invest into ESG positive portfolios; this
growing stakeholder and shareholder pressure further drives companies to improve ESG performance
 Through government support and maturing of business models, investors can see a path to sustainable profitability

Driving was the most relevant transport mode in mid-2020 when most countries were in lockdown;
all modes – especially transit – have bounced back where lockdown measures have unwound in 2021
0
100
200
300
Jan-20 Jan-21
Jul-20 Jul-21 Jan-22
Driving direction requests - 30-day average
(Jan 2020 – Oct 2021)
Index (100 = Jan 2020)
United States Canada
India Australia
Norway
United Kingdom Germany
Spain France
0
100
200
300
Jul-21
Jul-20
Jan-20 Jan-21 Jan-22
Public transp. direction requests - 30-day av.
(Jan 2020 – Oct 2021)
Index (100 = Jan 2020)
0
100
200
300
Jan-20 Jul-20 Jan-21 Jul-21 Jan-22
Walking direction requests - 30-day average
(Jan 2020 – Oct 2021)
Index (100 = Jan 2020)
Source: Apple (Apple Mobility Index)

Uber’s Mobility gross bookings in October 2021 have largely recovered to equivalent month’s
performance in 2019 for certain major American and European cities
Note: Uber gross bookings are adjusted for customer discounts and promotions
Source: Uber quarterly reports

With accelerating salience of net zero transportation, many are looking to successful case studies
for EV adoption
56
3 3 3
5
1 3 2 1
75
14
11 11
6 5 4
2 1
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
Canada United States
Spain
China
United Kingdom India
Norway Australia
Germany
EV sales penetration in surveyed countries*
(2019 & 2020)
Percent
France
0
+19%
+11%
+8% +9%
+1% +4% +1%
0% 0% 0%
2020
2019
Note: * Includes BEV and PHEV
Source: IEA
Norway is by far and away the leader in EV sales penetration;
other European countries experienced rapid growth in EV
penetration last year

There are varying degrees of commitment to EV adoption across surveyed countries;
with commitments ranging from EV subsidies to charging infrastructure
 There have been a number of new regulatory developments in
the surveyed countries that will impact EV adoption
 COP26 encouraged all countries to commit to ensuring all new car /
van sales are zero emission by 2035 in developed markets, and
by 2040 in developing markets
- a collaborative effort from vehicle manufacturers, fleet-
owners, and Government investment would be required to
actualise the ambition
 US, China, India, Australia and Germany did not sign up to ICE
ban at COP
 The UK has announced that as part of its ‘Levelling Up’ Agenda, all
new homes and buildings must have EV charging points
leading to expected 145,000 new chargers nationwide
 There are difficulties in assessing TCO associated with the
variation in rebates, charging rates, tax and other incentives which
make arriving at a purchasing decision more challenging
Note: * Includes phase out of ICE vehicles and PHEV
Source: ICCT; GOV.UK; UK COP26; Electrive; ICIS; Forbes; Reuters
ICE Vehicle
phase-out date*
Examples of recent regulatory
advancements
2025
Considering limiting public authority vehicle
purchases to EVs by 2022
n.a
EV subsidies to citizens and local authorities
up to €9,000 until 2021; EV charger subsidies
2035
New homes / building will require EV charger
2040
€4bn grant made available to the automotive
industry to spend on EVs
n.a.
Increasing regulation to improve safety and
standards of EVs, promoting EV manufacture
2040
£200m p.a. investment from 2021-25 achieve
an EV fleet of 5 million by 2030
2035
(includes PHEV)
ICE phase out mandated in 2021; $5,000 federal
incentive underpinned by state incentives
n.a.
Regulation varies by state; California have
committed to phase out by 2035
n.a.
Rebates up to $3,000 from Sept 2021; stamp
duty exemption, varies by State
n.a.
Road tax exemption, and subsidies that vary
by state

Critical to adoption of EVs in Norway is the tax structures which have favoured EVs and lowered
retail prices relative to ICE models
 The purchase cost for most EV models models is cheaper than
comparable petrol models due to tax subsidies
“… The progressive tax system makes most EV models cheaper to
buy compared to similar petrol models, even if the import price for EVs
are much higher. This is why the Norwegian market is so successful
compared to any other country …”
The Norwegian Electric Vehicles Union, 2021
 There are a number of further EV incentives in Norway that
contribute to higher adoption, including
- no road tax
- half price tolls
- access to bus and taxi lanes
- free parking
- subsidised charging costs
- subsidised charging point installation costs
Characterisation of TCO for a Volkswagen Golf
The Norwegian Electric Vehicles Union
Import Price
CO2 Tax
NOx Tax
Weight Tax
Scrapping Fee
25% VAT
Retail Price
Volkswagen Golf Volkswagen e-Golf
€22,046 €33,037
€4,348 -
€206 -
€1,715 -
€249 €249
€5,512 -
€34,076 €33,386
Source: Norsk Elbilforening
The Volkswagen e-Golf is Norway’s second
most popular EV

Today’s agenda
03
Mobility-related
sentiment
02
travel patterns
04
EV sentiment
A reflection
on 2021
01 05
Electrification

87 84
82
72
0
20
40
60
80
100
Driven
vehicle for
personal
use
75
-5%
27
7
21
10
16
23
2 1 1
8
22
10
14
26
2 2 1
3 3
23
8
19
8
11
24
2 2 2
4 3
8
3
6
3
5
11
2 1 1 1
18
12
17
14
11
18
4
3
4 4
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
A rental car
Airlines P2P
vehicle
sharing
Ride hailing Shared
vehicle
services
Autonomous
or semi-
autonomous
vehicles
Electric
scooter
share
23
A cab or
limousine
service
Local
public
transport
Long-
distance
public
transport
Bike share
+125%
+281% +188%
+357%
+129%
+68%
+174%
+126%
+256% +286%
Private vehicle usage has continued to decline, whereas every other mode has rebounded strongly
Note: Option of electric scooter share and bike share not provided in earliest two studies
Source: Annual Mobility Studies 2017-21
Sharp rebound in all modes in 2021 as
the US begins to open up again
Knowledge of mode mimics usage
US respondents who have used mobility option AT LEAST ONCE in the last 3 months
(2016-2021)
Percent
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Decrease in all forms due to COVID-19

87
84
82
75
72
0
20
40
60
80
100
Driven
vehicle for
personal
use
-13%
27
7
21
10
16
23
2 1 1
23
8
22
10
14
26
2 2 1
3 3
23
8
19
8
11
24
2 2 2
4 3
8
3
6
3
5
11
2 1 1 1
18
12
17
14
11
18
4 3 4 4 5
0
10
20
30
40
50
A rental car
Local
public
transport
Long-
distance
public
transport
A cab or
limousine
service
Airlines P2P
vehicle
sharing
Shared
vehicle
services
Autonomous
or semi-
autonomous
vehicles
Bike share
Ride hailing Electric
scooter
share
-20%
+52%
-9%
+72% -4%
-23%
+105% +96% +113% +18% +88%
There has been a strong trend toward mobility plurality with cabs, long distance public transport,
and lesser known transport modes – all which have taken a greater share than before the pandemic
Note: Option of electric scooter share and bike share not provided in earliest two studies
Source: Annual Mobility Studies 2017-21
Public transport gained share for long
distance trips
US respondents who have used mobility option AT LEAST ONCE in the last 3 months
(2016-2021)
Percent
2017 2020
2019
2018 2021
Localised travel market share gain in
cabs and vehicle sharing
Lesser known modes have increased
beyond pre-pandemic levels
Cabs, and long-distance public
transport have increased beyond
pre-pandemic levels
Cabs, and long-distance public
transport have increased beyond
pre-pandemic levels

There are still some enduring effects of the pandemic which continue to negatively impact travel
behaviour; this is particularly the case in airlines which are still subject to restrictions (1 of 2)
Source: New Mobility Survey 2021
Driving a car or truck for personal use
Using local public transportation (e.g.
bus, subway) in your area
Using long-distance public transportation
(e.g. rail) from your area
Booking and using an airline
Using a cab / taxi
Booking and using a rental car (e.g. Hertz,
Avis, Enterprise)
How usage of transport has changed relative to two years ago, by mode and country
(Nov 2021)
Degree of positive
change
Degree of
negative change
Key:
Ride sharing services (e.g., Uber,
Blablacar)
0% +100% 0% -100%

As traditional transport modes recover from the enduring effects of the pandemic, micromobility
has risen in popularity in all surveyed countries (2 of 2)
Shared vehicle services such as
DriveNow / Car2Go / Flinkster
Peer-to-peer vehicle sharing services
such as SnappCar, Turo, Getaround
Autonomous or Semi-Autonomous
Vehicles (e.g., Waymo)
Electric scooter-share (e.g., Lime, Bird)
Bicycle-share (e.g., nextbike) – including
both traditional bikes and e-bikes
Your own electric scooter
How usage of transport has changed relative to two years ago, by mode and country
(Nov 2021)
Degree of positive
change
Degree of
negative change
Key:
Your own bicycle (whether traditional bike
or e-bike)
0% +100% 0% -100%

Pre-Omicron, all countries have experienced a greater degree of work from home relative to 2019,
and workers in all countries (except the US) expect to work from home less than they do now
52
81
19
40 42
55
1
31
12
63
48 50
5
31
25
32
-4
13 15
36
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Change in number of days working from home, relative to two years ago
(Nov 21)
Percentage increase (N = 3,235)
UK Spain
Germany
France
Australia China Norway Canada
India US
Currently
In 1 years time
Peak in Australia likely due to long
lockdown periods in 2020 that occurred
later on relative to other nations (e.g., c.3
consecutive months in Victoria)

There has been a marked decrease in business, local leisure, and local holiday travel across all
countries; survey results suggest a less pronounced rebound of historical business travel
(49)
(60)
(80)
(59)
(63)
(67)
(52)
(51)
(42)
(59)
(36)
(36)
(44)
(30)
(41)
(40)
(23)
(22)
(18)
(30)
(100) (75) (50) (25) 0
Net change in business travel by airplane
(Nov 21)
Percent (N = 1,930)
Today vs. 2019
In 1 year’s time
vs. 2019
(53)
(58)
(55)
(39)
(55)
(51)
(47)
(34)
(35)
(44)
(23)
(25)
(26)
(12)
(30)
(10)
(18)
(15)
(13)
(19)
(100) (75) (50) (25) 0
Net change in local leisure travel
(Nov 21)
Percent (N = 4,376)
(55)
(63)
(73)
(56)
(63)
(32)
(32)
(36)
(45)
(63)
(15)
(11)
(28)
(10)
(12)
9
0
(6)
(16)
(24)
(100) (75) (50) (25) 0 25
Net change in local holidays
(Nov 21)
Percent (N = 4,376)
While there has
been a mixshift
from
international; to
local holidays,
there has been
an overall
decrease in
holidays taken

Today’s agenda
03
Mobility-related
sentiment
02
travel patterns
04
EV sentiment
A reflection
on 2021
01 05
Electrification

All countries (except China) are considering reducing household number of cars likely driven by a
reduction in commuting to work due to COVID and greater environmental consciousness
24
27
5
9
5
12
7 7
5
8
11
8
16
5
9
6
9 10
5
7
9
6
13
5 5
10 10
11
8
20
-10
20
30
0
10
Has COVID changed your opinion on car ownership?
(Nov 2021)
Percent of respondents
UK
US
China India Australia Canada Norway
Germany France Spain Total
5 5
8
11
I am now considering the purchase of a car because of COVID-19
I am now considering reducing the number of cars in my household
because I am commuting less frequently
I am considering selling my vehicle because of environmental concerns
which have become more prominent in the last 2 years
Net change
Increasing car
ownership
Decreasing car
ownership
Source: New Mobility Survey 2021; L.E.K. research
0.43 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3
Number of cars per
household
The large number of cars per household in India is likely driven
by large average household size relative to Western nations

Reluctance to own a car has increased over time in the US
36 38 39 41 41
64 62 61 59 59
0
25
50
75
100
18 21
“If I didn't have to own a car I wouldn’t”
(Nov 21)
Percent (N = 1,010)
Disagree
100
2017 19 20
Agree
100 100 100 100

All countries are more concerned about air quality compared to 2-years ago
(3)
(7)
(4)
(4)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(9)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(3)
(6)
(5)
(4)
39
39
33
30
30
27
30
25
28
24
30
27
36
21
17
18
15
13
8
9
(20) 0 20 40 60 80 100
France
40
Spain
US
Norway 27
China 64
India
62
34
57
UK
30
44
Australia
Canada 34
Germany 21
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2) Significantly less interested
Less interested
Significantly more interested
More interested
“How has your interest in air quality changed relative to 2 years ago”
(Nov 21)
Percent of respondents (N = 4,849)

On balance all countries feel it a responsibility to reduce personal environmental impact, with
Norwegians and some EU countries feeling less personal responsibility (presumably Gov./Corporations)
(9)
(12)
(9)
(12)
(15)
(15)
(17)
(19)
(27)
(27)
(5)
(6)
(9)
(8)
(11)
(9)
(13)
(10)
(16)
50
48
39
48
52
46
53
49
44
38
36
38
47
31
26
28
20
19
19
19
(60) (40) (20) 0 20 40 60 80 100
59
54
Germany 37
14
UK
Spain
Norway
72
China 71
India 71
Canada
US 48
Australia 47
France 26
(2)
Completely Disagree
Somewhat Disagree
Somewhat Agree
Completely Agree
“I feel it is my responsibility to reduce my personal environmental impact”
(Nov 21)
Percent of respondents

Amenability to public transport has increased relative to pre-pandemic times particularly for the
US, Canada and UK
58
67
74
69 70
84
70
39
54
64
41
28
74
65
74
77
79
63
69
86
73
0
20
40
60
80
100
France
“If it was convenient, I would use public transport more often”
(2019-21)
% of respondents who “somewhat agree” or “completely agree”
Germany
US Canada Australia
China
UK
2019
2020
2021

India and China e-scooters appear well positioned to capitalise on increasing environ. concerns and
reluctance to own cars; with other countries showing less interest in owning e-scooters than prior years
(10)
(13)
(12)
(8)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(10)
(14)
(15)
(20)
(19)
(18)
(17)
(22)
(21)
(22)
33
24
17
12
13
12
11
13
10
9
20
9
10
7
6
6
4
6
3
5
(40) (20) 0 20 40 60 80 100
US:
CN:
NO: (22)
CA:
IN:
UK:
FR:
AU:
ES:
DE:
(10)
(21)
(10)
(10)
(14)
(12)
Significantly less interested
Less interested
More interested
Significantly more interested
“How has your interest owning and using an e-scooter changed relative to 2 years ago”
(Nov 21)
Percent of respondents (N = 4,849)
More negative sentiment
than 2 years ago
There is growing popularity of e-
scooters in India which are typically
‘Vespa-style’ vehicles E.g. Ola is
now producing electric 2-wheelers/
Vespa-style vehicles

Today’s agenda
03
Mobility-related
sentiment
02
travel patterns
04
EV sentiment
A reflection
on 2021
01 05
Electrification

Respondents appear more willing to purchase EVs than current sales penetrations would imply;
this suggests that there are likely barriers uncovered on the path to a purchasing decision
0
25
50
75
100
Norway
UK
Respondents’ likelihood of buying/leasing a fully electric are as their primary vehicle on their next purchase
(2021)
Percent of respondents who “definitely will buy” or “probably will buy” (N=4,849)
Spain
India France
China US Canada Germany Australia Total
Source: Sixth Annual Mobility Study 2021
"Probably will buy" or
"definitely will buy"
on next purchase
Sales penetration
Norway’s actual EV sales penetration is
higher than its consumer’s willingness to
buy electric, suggesting that consumers
are positively surprised on their path to a
purchasing decision

There are shifting priority concerns around ownership of electric vehicles; the most common still
relate to lack of charging stations, and EV/battery replacement cost (1 of 2)
Top 3 concerns around ownership of electric vehicles by country (2020 vs 2021)
Other options presented
which not did not feature in
the top 3 include:
 “Not enough vehicle
choice”
 “Uncertain resale
value”
 “I don’t know enough
about electric vehicles”
 “Electric vehicles may
not have the same
performance as
traditional vehicles”
2020
No charging
facilities at home
Lack of charging
stations
Too long to
charge
2020
Too expensive to
buy
Not enough range
No charging
facilities at home
2021
Battery life and
costs to replace
Not enough range
Lack of charging
stations
2021
Too expensive to
buy
Not enough range
Battery life and
costs to replace
1st
2nd
3rd
2020
1st
2nd
3rd
Too expensive to
buy
Lack of charging
stations
No charging
facilities at home
2021
Too expensive to
buy
Lack of charging
stations
2020
Not enough range
No charging
facilities at home
Lack of charging
stations
2021
Too expensive to
buy
Lack of charging
stations
Too long to
charge
Battery life and
costs to replace
EV Penetration = 5.7% EV Penetration = 11.3%
China
Australia
France
Germany

There are shifting priority concerns around ownership of electric vehicles; the most common still
relate to lack of charging stations, and EV/battery replacement cost (2 of 2)
Top 3 concerns around ownership of electric vehicles by country (2020 vs 2021)
2020
Lack of charging
stations
Too expensive to
buy
No charging
facilities at home
2020
Too expensive to
buy
No charging
facilities at home
Lack of charging
stations
2021
Too expensive to
buy
Lack of charging
stations
Battery life and
costs to replace
2021
Too expensive to
buy
Battery life and
costs to replace
No charging
facilities at home
1st
2nd
3rd
2020
1st
2nd
3rd
Too expensive to
buy
Lack of charging
stations
No charging
facilities at home
2021
Too expensive to
buy
Lack of charging
stations
Battery life and
costs to replace
EV Penetration = 11.3%
US
UK
Canada

The Norwegian Government has targeted reducing cost of ownership and put financial investment
into charging infrastructure which is why there is less concern in these areas, and high EV take-up
 As a result of Government initiatives targeting TCO and charging
infrastructure, cost of EVs and lack of EV charging stations are less of
a concern in Norway relative to other less developed EV markets
- Norway’s most significant concern regarding EVs are around battery
life and cost to replace
 This suggests that penetration potential can be unlocked by crossing a
threshold in TCO and availability of charging stations
- these concerns will likely not need to be alleviated completely to
achieve high sales penetration
 Incremental penetration can be unlocked through further improvement in
these areas, and by shifting focus to battery life and replacement costs
Norway
2021
Too expensive to
buy
Battery life and
costs to replace
Lack of charging
stations
Top 3 concerns around ownership of electric vehicles for Norway (2021)
Learnings from Norway

Respondents from China, Germany, and Norway are most driven by favourable TCO in
consideration of an EV purchase
54%
40%
30%
25%
29% 30% 26% 25%
19% 18%
30%
13%
23%
23%
24% 18% 18% 21%
18%
19%
9%
19%
0
20
40
60
80
100
TCO considerations for purchasing an EV
(Nov 2021)
Percent (N = 4,849)
France Total
India Spain China
UK Australia Germany
US Canada Norway
Willing to purchase EV,
if TCO is equal to petrol vehicles
Willing to purchase EV,
even if TCO is greater than petrol vehicles
Norway is likely familiar with less
expensive EVs than comparable ICE
vehicles as a result of rebates, taxes,
and incentives and so appear
reluctant to spend more on EVs

While existing EV ranges are sufficient for the majority of the population in the countries surveyed,
further improvements in range will facilitate adoption (particularly in Germany and France)
62%
48%
41%
33% 34%
26% 30% 32%
11% 14%
37%
22%
30%
15% 28%
19%
26% 21% 18%
16% 12%
23%
9%
15%
14%
21%
28% 30% 33%
12%
48%
38%
25%
20%
7% 7% 9% 7%
22%
18%
21%
7%
6% 5%
10% 11% 11% 9% 8%
17%
6%
15%
8%
0
20
40
60
80
100
Range required to be comfortable in purchasing an EV
(Nov 2021)
Percent (N = 4,849)
France
Australia
India US Spain Total
Over 800km
601-800km
401-600km
201-400km
≤200km
China
UK Norway Canada Germany
1% 2%
Source: New Mobility Survey 2021; Insidevs
Increasing range threshold to be confident in EVs vs ICE
The median
range of EVs in
2021 is c. 400km

The majority of Norwegian EV owners (c.90%) rate their EV mobile app as ‘Good, Excellent or
Outstanding’, suggesting a strong EV ecosystem is important for high adoption
19%
26%
44%
8%
4%
0
20
40
60
80
100
Good
How would you rate the mobile app of your EV?
(Oct 2021)
Percent (N = 262)
Poor
Excellent
Outstanding
Fair
Source: Norway EV Owners Survey 2021
Illustrative charging apps – Norway and beyond

There is a requirement for fast charging technologies to further mature for consumers to feel
comfortable with EV charging times
11 15
10 6 9 5 7 5 5 8
22 18
21
24 16
20 16 17 15 13
19
18 22
39
26
22 25
20 21 21
21
23
22 17
13
21
27
28
33
27 31 34
25
15
11
9
12 15 11 13
17
16 16 14
12
18
7 11 10 11 10 14 11 12 12
0
20
40
60
80
100
Germany
Charging times required at fast chargers for consumers to feel comfortable with EV charging times
(Nov 21)
Percent (N = 3,751)
Spain
61 or more
31 to 60
21 to 30
11 to 20
Canada
6 to 10
France
1 to 5
Australia
US India China UK Norway
4
Total
Source: New Mobility Survey 2021; Autocar
Increasing requirement for faster fast-charging
Presently EVs can
be fully charged in
30-60 mins at fast
charging stations
Will EVs
evolve in the
same way
mobile
phones did?

Today’s agenda
03
Mobility-related
sentiment
02
travel patterns
04
EV sentiment
A reflection
on 2021
01 05
Electrification

c.90% of respondents will make a >200km journey at least once per year, suggesting a need for
long range EVs and/or high availability of charging facilities – particularly in more remote locations
35
28 25 25 25
16 14
24 20 16
23
11
12 15
10 9
13
11
9
7
5
10
12
15 12
12
11
15 18
9
12
11
12
23
16 19
21
16 16
21
16 18
14
18
17
20 20 29
28 27
29
31
27
37
26
9 9 12 13
6
12
16 18
11
0
25
50
75
100 2
“In a typical year, how often would you make a >200km journey?”
(Nov 2021)
Percent (N = 3,970)
0
1 to 2
3 to 4
5 to 6
7 to 10
11 or more
China Total
France
India Spain Norway
3
UK
US Germany Canada Australia
Source: New Mobility Survey 2021; Autocar; Statista
 While there a majority of
respondents make journeys
longer than 200km several
times annually, current
battery technology should be
sufficient to enable those
distances
 However, there is a peace of
mind offered by greater
ranges and a wide network
of charging stations that will
contribute to wider EV
adoption
n.a. 3.0 2.0 n.a. 1.0 4.4 n.a. 1.2 7.8 n.a.
Charging locations
per 200km of Road
While all countries have
more than 1 charger per
200km of road, this is
likely skewed by large
concentrations in urban
locations

The greatest concerns around electric vehicle home charging relate to installation costs, high
electricity bills and complexity of installation
Electric vehicle home charging facilities
cost too much upfront to install
I am concerned about the electricity bills
that would result from electric vehicle
charging at home
I think home electric vehicle charging
facilities would be too complex to install
I am confused by the variety of home
electric vehicle charging options
available
I am concerned about the safety of home
electric vehicle charging (e.g., fire risk)
I am concerned that I would not have
space to charge an electric vehicle in my
home
Top 3 concerns around electric vehicle charging facilities at home, by country
Highest
concern
Second-highest
concern
Third-highest
concern
Key:

The most important locations for fast charging is at motorway / non-motorway petrol stations,
dedicated parking lots of retail locations, and neighbourhood streets
Your place of work
Neighbourhood streets (e.g., streetside
parking next to your friend’s home)
Commercial streets (e.g., streetside
parking next to a restaurant in town)
Dedicated parking lots of shopping
centres / supermarkets / retail locations
Dedicated parking lots of leisure
locations (e.g., museum, cinema)
At / adjacent to non-motorway petrol
stations (e.g., in the town centre)
Top 3 fast charging location preference, by country
Highest
importance
Second-highest
importance
Third-highest
importance
Key:
At motorway rest stops or petrol stations
(e.g., for long distance journeys)

c.90% of Norwegian EV owners charge their vehicles at least once a week at home or on a street
near home, suggesting that domestic charger availability is a positive driver for adoption
41%
14% 20% 12% 13% 11% 11% 12% 10%
32%
18%
22%
15% 9% 18% 9% 15% 14%
18%
14%
12%
13% 16%
20%
17%
16% 15%
14%
15%
17% 27%
27%
21%
30% 36%
39%
30%
43% 36%
25%
41%
28% 25%
0
25
50
75
100
6%
Daily
How often do you charge EV at following locations
(Oct 2021)
Percent
- residents of single-family dwellings (N = 188)
Once a week
3%
Multiple days a week
Occasionally
Never
33%
12% 16% 10% 9% 14% 9% 13%
33%
28% 20%
12%
26% 13%
12% 19% 9%
17%
16% 19%
20%
13% 22%
19% 13% 17%
17% 20%
22%
22%
32%
26% 29%
43%
12%
28% 25%
36% 30%
19%
35% 32%
17%
0
25
50
75
100
- residents of multi-family dwellings (N = 69)
4%
Within home (e.g.,
garage, car park)
Streetside parking
outside home
Shopping centre
/ retail location
car park
Place of work Streetside: other
neighbourhood
Streetside:
commercial
Leisure locations
(e.g., cinema)
car park
7%
Once a week
Non-highway fuel
stations (e.g., in
town centre)
Highway rest stop
/ fuel stations
Daily
Multiple days a week
Occasionally
Never

The majority of electric vehicle charging points at all location types in Norway are readily available
and easy to use, acting as a further driver for adoption
28%
18% 19% 15% 11% 15% 15% 14%
21%
29% 31%
25%
23% 18% 21% 25%
34% 39% 29%
31% 39% 41% 42% 38%
9%
15%
15% 18% 16% 15% 11%
14% 10% 10% 11%
0
25
50
75
100
186
Rating of EV charging locations
(Oct 2021)
Percent
- by availability
8%
8%
Excellent
8% 4%
Outstanding
7%
Good
Fair
Poor
166 186 154 172 200 157 201
31%
22% 17% 14% 13% 15% 11% 12%
26%
31%
23% 23% 23% 20% 26% 25%
33%
32%
39% 40% 43% 38% 41% 43%
11%
13% 15% 15% 19%
17% 11%
8% 9%
0
25
50
75
100
Place of work
Fair
- by ease of use
5%
4%
5%
Streetside: other
neighbourhood
Streetside parking
outside home
Excellent
8%
Streetside:
commercial
157
7%
Shopping centre
/ retail location
car park
8%
Leisure locations
(e.g., cinema)
car park
5%
Non-highway fuel
stations (e.g., in
town centre)
Highway rest stop
/ fuel stations
Outstanding
Good
Poor
166 186 154 172 200 186 201

c.80% of EV owners in Norway live at a household which have a specialised EV charger; c.50% have
chargers capable of charging at ≥ 7kW, the max AC charge rate for the most popular EV vehicles
18%
27%
34%
19%
0
20
40
60
80
100
Home EV charger type
(Oct 2021)
Percent (N = 247)
1%
7 kW home charging unit
Other
22 kW home charging unit
3-3.7 kW home charging unit
Regular household socket
Source: Norway EV Owners Survey 2021; CleanTechnica; Zap Map
Car model
Audi e-tron
Charger type
Volkswagen e-Golf
Nissan Leaf
Renault Zoe
Tesla Model 3
BMW i3
Kia Soul EV
Hyundai Kona
Rank
(2021)
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
Type 2 / CCS
Type 2 / CCS
CHAdeMO
Type 2 / CCS
Type 2 / CCS
Supercharger
Type 2 / CCS
Type 2 / CCS
Type 2 / CCS
Charging
speed
11 kW – 22 kW
AC / 150 kW DC
7.2 kW AC /
50 kW DC
6.6 kW AC /
50 kW DC
22 kW AC /
50 kW DC
16.5 kW AC /
250 kW DC
11kW AC /
50kW DC
7.2 kW AC /
100 kW DC
7.2 kW AC /
80kW DC
Most EVs follow the same charging standard for slow charging (Type 2), and one of two
fast charging standards (CCS or CHAdeMO)
Tesla Model S
Type 2 / CCS
Supercharger
16.5 kW AC /
250 kW DC
Tesla Model X
Type 2 / CCS
Supercharger
16.5 kW AC /
250 kW DC

Today’s agenda
03
Mobility-related
sentiment
02
travel patterns
04
EV sentiment
A reflection
on 2021
01 05
Electrification

Concluding remarks
 COVID-19 resulted in a dramatic change to travel behaviours and mobility use across the globe with sharp rebounds in travel
observed in 2021
- however private vehicle use in 2021 continued to decline, as other less known transport modes, cabs and long distance public
transport took greater share
- this continued movement toward non-ownership of private vehicles post COVID is key insight from the study
 Norway:
- Norway is the leading country globally in terms of EV penetration and subsidies/rebates play an important role in the shift away
from ICEs
- a significant driver of EV penetration in Norway appears to be the provision of charging facilities – particularly at residential
locations. Charging facilities typically rank as the highest or second highest concern for owning an EV in other countries and these
infrastructure issues will need addressing to support EV take-up in other countries
 Overall conclusions:
- there is a growing desire and focus to own EVs demonstrated by respondents indicating a desire to purchase EVs above current
sales penetration, driven in part by increasing interest in environmental impact and air quality
- this sits alongside negative attitudinal shifts towards oil and gas
- environmental investment from Governments, regulatory bodies and corporates are accelerating, as the ‘green recovery’ and
other major political forums such as COP26 elevates the importance of carbon reduction in transportation

2021 New Mobility Study

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