This study analyzes how climate change is affecting urban planning practices and legislation in major cities in southern Brazil. Planning has incorporated climate change concepts like mitigation and adaptation, but extreme weather is exacerbating socio-economic inequalities. While cities have strengthened disaster response, prevention through urban planning is still lacking. Planning needs to mitigate climate change through compact development and alternative transportation. It also must adapt cities by removing risky occupations and preserving vulnerable areas to avoid worsening disasters. Equity must be a priority to prevent climate change from increasing social exclusion.

1. Climate Change and Planning:
the Risk of Aggravating Socio-Spatial Exclusion
Prof. Claudia Siebert, PhD
Universidade Regional de Blumenau
July, 2016

2. Objectives
This study aims to analyze the
evolution of recent urban
planning practices under the
influence of the climate
change debate, and
investigate the manner in
which planning structures, the
planning legislation and urban
projects are being affected by
the occurrence of more serious
and frequent social-
environmental disasters.
planning
disasters
climate change

3. Statement of the problem
Throughout its evolution, urban planning has assimilated environmental
thinking and the concept of sustainability.
Now, climate change is affecting all human activities and, as should be
expected, it is also affecting spatial planning in both theories and practices.
At first, planning has incorporated the concepts of mitigation and adaptation,
moving forward, then, to the notion of urban resilience.
More recently, planners began to understand that, like the environmental
issue, the climate issue is also, in its essence, a social issue, inseparable
from equity and social justice.
planning
sustainability resilience
social justice

4. The intensification of extreme weather events and the acceleration of
global climate change add urgency to the environmental debate, bringing
challenges and opportunities that require a temporal and geographic
cross-scale approach to coordinate global and local actions over several
generations.
Climate change, and the adaptations resulting therefrom, tend to
reinforce the concentration of wealth and power, alienating local
populations and increasing their vulnerability.
In a stratified world, with asymmetrical power systems, the lack of
understanding of the consequences of mitigation and adaptation to
climate change may inadvertently reproduce or deepen the damage they
aim to fix.
So that interventions can be locally relevant, adaptation and climate
mitigation should promote environmental justice in the form of rights and
representation - empowerment of local people.

5. We noticed with concern that, frequently, the actions to adapt to climate
change adopted in our cities are actually increasing the risk they should
reduce.
In addition to consuming scarce public and private resources, and a
precious time of reaction, these maladaptations cause, tragically, a false
sense of security that only increases the danger to which the population is
exposed.

6. The cities, which should provide security and
opportunity, are transformed into traps with
immense potential for disaster, especially for
the low-income population - one that is at
maximum environmental risk as due both to the
occupation of risk areas, and for their lower
response capacity to disasters.

7. BRAZIL
São Paulo, do século XIX ao século XXI
Urbanization

8. http://arte.folha.uol.com.br/ambiente/2014/09/15/crise-da-agua/index.html
Global Warming Impacts

9. Brazil – No Volcanos, Earthquakes, Blizards or Tornados. Just Rain: too much and too little
droughts
landslides
floods
Hazards

10. Brasil, Climate Change and Planning
flood
drought
rainstorm
wind
Affected by Disasters in Brasil - 1991 - 2012
• 2001 - Lei Federal 10.257 - Estatuto da Cidade
• 2003 - Ministério das Cidades
• 2007 - Comitê Interministerial sobre Mudança do Clima
• 2008 - PNMC – Plano Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima
• 2009 - Lei Federal 12.187 - Política Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima
• 2012 - PNPDEC- Lei Federal 12.608 - Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil
• 2015 - Lei Federal 13.089 - Estatuto da Metrópole
• 2015 - PNA - Plano Nacional de Adaptação à Mudança de Clima

11. Methodology
As methodological procedures, we
adopted literature review; research
of planning and civil defense
structures, with interviews and data
collection on websites, publications,
projects and legislation; and data
collection on the press coverage of
recent disasters.
The territorial scope of the research
was restricted to the major cities of
the southern and southeastern
states of Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul,
Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo,
Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and
Espirito Santo.
PORTO ALEGRE
FLORIANÓPOLIS
BLUMENAU
CURITIBA
SÃO PAULO
RIO DE JANEIRO
VITORIA
BELO HORIZONTE

12. Porto Alegre - Rio Grande do Sul population 1.476.867

13. http://portoalegreresiliente.org/
2016 - Comitê de Mudanças
Climáticas e Eficiência
Energética
Porto Alegre - Rio Grande do Sul

14. Florianópolis - Santa Catarina population 469.690

15. 2007 - PMRR - Plano Municipal de Redução de
Riscos
Florianópolis - Santa Catarina

16. Blumenau - Santa Catarina population 338.876

17. 2008
2011
2015 - CARTA
SUSCEPTIBILIDADE
MOVIMENTOS DE
MASSA
2012 - DECRETO Nº
9853- ÁREAS COM
RESTRIÇÃO DE USO E
OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO
2008 - PLANO
MUNICIPAL DE
REDUÇÃO DE RISCOS
2009 - DIRETORIA DE
GEOLOGIA
Blumenau - Santa Catarina

18. Curitiba - Paraná population 1.879.355

19. DECRETO Nº 1186 /
2009 - INSTITUI O
FÓRUM CURITIBA
SOBRE MUDANÇAS
CLIMÁTICAS
http://multimidia.curitiba.pr.gov.br/2016/00182811.pdf
INVENTÁRIO EMISSÕES
GASES EFEITO ESTUFA
Curitiba - Paraná

20. São Paulo - São Paulo population 11.967.825

21. São Paulo - São Paulo
1999 - CGE - Centro de Gerenciamento de Emergências
2005 - Inventário Municipal de Emissões e Remoções
Antrópicas de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE)
2007 - Operação Defesa das Águas
2009 - Política de Mudança do Clima no Município de
São Paulo
2010 - Mapeamento Áreas de Risco

22. Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro population 6.476.631

23. Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro
Gerência de Mudanças Climáticas e Desenvolvimento Sustentável -
Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente
2005 - Inventário de Emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa
2009 - Fórum Carioca de Mudanças Climáticas e Desenvolvimento
Sustentável
Mapa de Vulnerabilidade da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro
2011 - Política Municipal de Mudanças Climáticas e Desenvolvimento
Sustentável

24. Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais population 6.476.631

25. 1994 - PEAR - Programa estrutural em Área de
Risco
2004 - Diagnóstico de Risco Geológico
2006 - Comitê Municipal sobre Mudanças
Climáticas e Ecoeficiência
2011 - Política Municipal de Mitigação dos Efeitos
da Mudança Climática
2011 - Diagnóstico das Áreas de Risco Vilas e
Favelas
2012 - Plano Municipal de Redução das Emissões
de Gases de Efeito Estufa
Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais

26. Vitória - Espirito Santo population 355.875

27. 2007 - Plano de Contingência da Defesa Civil
Mapeamento Áreas de Risco das Encostas
2008 - Plano Municipal de Redução de Riscos
Vitória - Espirito Santo

28. Main Results and Contributions
In the surveyed cities, water has been a major concern, either by its scarcity
in periods of prolonged drought; or for its excess, causing floods and
landslides. New planning practices should be adopted to live with this
scenario.
The main results of the research were that there is a remarkable
breakthrough in the perception of climate change in public administrations,
but much more focused on disaster response and reconstruction than
on prevention with urban planning.
There's a whole new regulatory
framework on climate change and
on risk reduction and disaster, but little
dialogue with the urban legislation.

29. The structures of the civil defenses were strengthened, improving disaster
response capacity, but, with rare exceptions, urban resilience and prevention
of disasters don't emerge, yet, as strong guidelines in urban planning.
On the contrary, the reconstruction works, carried out with public funds and
without bidding processes and environmental licensing, in the exception
regime of the state of public calamity, tend to disregard the Master Plans and
prepare a trap for the next disaster.

30. The human action must accept that there are limits to the development
and respect the carrying capacity of the natural environment.
Our contribution to the discussion of this issue is to strengthen the alert
to the need to act preventively through urban planning to mitigate
climate change; to adapt cities to the inevitable effects of climate
change and to prevent climate change from generating more exclusion
and socio-spatial segregation.
Mitigation may be sought by reducing the emission of greenhouse
generator gases (eg with multifunctional zoning which reduces
displacement and with priority to public transport and non-motorized
modes) and the increase in wooded areas.

31. Adaptation can take place with the removal of occupation of risk areas,
with the preservation of vulnerable areas (slopes, hilltops, valley bottoms),
and avoiding maladaptation works that increase the risk that they should
reduce.
And to prevent climate change from generating social exclusion, it is
necessary to reduce the vulnerability of low-income population and not
ignoring them as interlocutors in decision-making processes.

32. Thank you.
Profa. Dra. Claudia Siebert
www.csiebert-arq.wix.com/csiebert
csiebert.arq@gmail.com