Digitization of newspapers and preservation of digital newspaper content is summarized by the following statistics:
- Monthly average unique visitors to digitized historical newspaper collections range from 1,500 to 150,000 depending on the country.
- The percentage of unique visitors that are genealogists ranges from 50% to 65% across different collections.
- The estimated number of lines corrected in digitized newspapers each month ranges from 31,000 to 220,000 depending on the size of the collection and resources available for processing.
- The age of most users of digital newspaper collections is reported to be over 50 years old.
This document provides information about an upcoming conference and exhibition on soldier modernization to be held from June 7-10, 2011 in London. It highlights some of the key speaker presentations and focus sessions that will address topics like power, weight, C4i, and test feedback. Attendees will have opportunities to meet with over 50 speakers from militaries and organizations involved in programs from countries like the UK, US, France, Germany, Sweden, and more. The event aims to help businesses develop opportunities by connecting them with modernization customers, integrators, innovative manufacturers, and service providers.
Cognizant Technology Solutions hired M Design to create a visual identity for its five-step "transform while perform" technology partner program. M Design developed graphics for Cognizant's trade show booth promoting transportation management solutions. The strong visuals helped Cognizant attract new clients at the trade show.
The document discusses business mobility and Nokia's business mobility solutions. It notes that 850 million people globally used mobile phones for business purposes in 2009, while only about 20 million used mobile email daily. The adoption of mobility solutions is well along, with factors like virtual workforces and disruptive technologies driving business needs for productivity and efficiency gains through mobility. Nokia provides business mobility solutions across planning, deployment, operations and optimization. It discusses Nokia phones, software and services that provide integrated mobility solutions for businesses.
This document summarizes an excerpt from a conversation about a web-based game installation that tracked companies exporting spatial products. The game appeared as a slot machine representing the global competition over space-making. It portrayed an idea generator where participants both imported and exported ideas in an open communication format. The conversation discussed how the game platform enabled new ways for groups to meet and exchange perspectives through chance encounters and dimensions of thought.
The VocaLight system consists of 3 main components: a wireless transmitter worn by the teacher, a receiver base station that picks up the teacher's speech signal, and speakers that distribute the teacher's voice throughout the classroom. Studies have shown that using sound field systems like VocaLight immediately improves student comprehension, attention, and test scores while reducing teacher vocal fatigue. VocaLight uses high-frequency infrared technology that is not prone to interference, allowing an unlimited number of classrooms to be equipped without managing channels. Its small, simple design integrates audio mixing capabilities and dual channels for team teaching.
Enterprise Collaboration: Can You Connect Social Learning and Business Perfor...Human Capital Media
How’s your social learning initiative going? If you are like most companies, you can easily match your situation with one of the following categories.
Category 1: We are just getting started and are unsure of how to proceed.
Category 2: We have started using social media for learning, but we don’t really have a strategy for how to leverage it.
Category 3: We have mastered the technology and its adoption and are seeing daily benefit.
If your situation falls into either Category 1 or Category 2, this session is a must for you. Learn how to put social learning into context and into action in your organization. If your situation is closest to Category 3, we encourage you to attend this session to share the successes of your experience with your peers. Either way, this session promises to connect you.
Eric Bruner, Chief Technologist, RWD Technologies
This document provides information about an upcoming conference and exhibition on soldier modernization to be held from June 7-10, 2011 in London. It highlights some of the key speaker presentations and focus sessions that will address topics like power, weight, C4i, and test feedback. Attendees will have opportunities to meet with over 50 speakers from militaries and organizations involved in programs from countries like the UK, US, France, Germany, Sweden, and more. The event aims to help businesses develop opportunities by connecting them with modernization customers, integrators, innovative manufacturers, and service providers.
Cognizant Technology Solutions hired M Design to create a visual identity for its five-step "transform while perform" technology partner program. M Design developed graphics for Cognizant's trade show booth promoting transportation management solutions. The strong visuals helped Cognizant attract new clients at the trade show.
The document discusses business mobility and Nokia's business mobility solutions. It notes that 850 million people globally used mobile phones for business purposes in 2009, while only about 20 million used mobile email daily. The adoption of mobility solutions is well along, with factors like virtual workforces and disruptive technologies driving business needs for productivity and efficiency gains through mobility. Nokia provides business mobility solutions across planning, deployment, operations and optimization. It discusses Nokia phones, software and services that provide integrated mobility solutions for businesses.
This document summarizes an excerpt from a conversation about a web-based game installation that tracked companies exporting spatial products. The game appeared as a slot machine representing the global competition over space-making. It portrayed an idea generator where participants both imported and exported ideas in an open communication format. The conversation discussed how the game platform enabled new ways for groups to meet and exchange perspectives through chance encounters and dimensions of thought.
The VocaLight system consists of 3 main components: a wireless transmitter worn by the teacher, a receiver base station that picks up the teacher's speech signal, and speakers that distribute the teacher's voice throughout the classroom. Studies have shown that using sound field systems like VocaLight immediately improves student comprehension, attention, and test scores while reducing teacher vocal fatigue. VocaLight uses high-frequency infrared technology that is not prone to interference, allowing an unlimited number of classrooms to be equipped without managing channels. Its small, simple design integrates audio mixing capabilities and dual channels for team teaching.
Enterprise Collaboration: Can You Connect Social Learning and Business Perfor...Human Capital Media
How’s your social learning initiative going? If you are like most companies, you can easily match your situation with one of the following categories.
Category 1: We are just getting started and are unsure of how to proceed.
Category 2: We have started using social media for learning, but we don’t really have a strategy for how to leverage it.
Category 3: We have mastered the technology and its adoption and are seeing daily benefit.
If your situation falls into either Category 1 or Category 2, this session is a must for you. Learn how to put social learning into context and into action in your organization. If your situation is closest to Category 3, we encourage you to attend this session to share the successes of your experience with your peers. Either way, this session promises to connect you.
Eric Bruner, Chief Technologist, RWD Technologies
The document summarizes a proposal for integrating Bangkok's mass transit system with its historic core districts to promote urban vitality and social cohesion. It begins by outlining the current fragmented conditions between the large-scale MTS and local urban fabric. The proposal then focuses on two districts located in an "urban dead void" that could potentially integrate with the historic core if redeveloped properly. Different types of streets and networks within the districts are analyzed. The vision is to use the MTS and underutilized streets to reconnect the districts, introducing mixed-use development and public transport options while preserving local heritage and networks. This would help balance development between the east and west sides of the river and address issues of segregation, sprawl
The document provides details on a proposed retreat center located by the Hudson River. It describes the daily schedule and facilities that allow two clients to work independently but also collaborate. In the morning, they have separate workspaces but can see each other's shadows through a translucent wall. They meet for lunch to discuss ideas before working together in the afternoon in a shared space with drafting and modeling areas. The site plan and elevations show the layout of the buildings and connection to the river via a deteriorating corridor.
Using Semantics to Enhance Content PublishingJamie Taylor
Here are the key points about microformats:
- They allow existing HTML content to be annotated so it can be extracted, indexed, searched, etc. by software.
- They use class names and other existing HTML elements/attributes to embed semantic metadata directly into HTML content.
- The vocabulary is small and focused on specific domains like contacts, events, reviews, etc.
- There is no standard parsing pattern so different software may interpret microformats differently.
- They are not as robust as RDFa or other semantic web standards since they only add semantics through class names rather than full semantic triples. But they are easier for non-technical users to implement in existing HTML.
So in summary, micro
The document advertises newly constructed office/retail space located at 181 South Park in San Francisco. The space totals approximately 10,000 square feet across the first and second floors and includes 6 on-site parking stalls. The premises can be leased individually or combined with lease terms between 3 to 10 years. Contact information is provided for brokers Hans Hansson and Craig Hansson to obtain more details.
1) RPG1 phosphorylates within 5 minutes of spore landing, and phosphorylation is race-specific, only occurring in response to viable spores of matching races.
2) Two effector proteins were isolated from spores that together induce RPG1 phosphorylation and degradation, as well as hypersensitive response in barley with functional Rpg1.
3) The proteins interact with each other and RPG1, suggesting they work cooperatively to trigger defense signaling through RPG1. Protein degradation alone is not sufficient for resistance.
This document provides a summary of the history of wireless signals and mobile phones in 3 sentences:
The first wireless signal was transmitted in 1903 from Brant Rock, Massachusetts using a kite and wire to send the letter "s" across the Atlantic. The first mobile phone call was made in New York City in 1946 using AT&T's Mobile Telephone Service. By 1973, Motorola had launched the first handheld mobile phone, weighing 2 pounds, with a talk time of only 30 minutes.
This is the final draft for the AAF competition in 2012. The campaign is for Nissan. Central Edge Communications took an edgy approach into creating the innovative campaign.
Making social media work for you | StreetGames National Conference 2013StreetGames
The document provides information about using social media effectively for community sports clubs. It discusses the benefits of social media, best practices for engagement, and findings from a project called Talk Right. Key findings include that 100% of participants had internet access, 78% had social media accounts, and 43% used social media late at night. The document recommends clubs provide information, share photos and videos, promote activities, and interact with members online to build their community presence on social media.
The Lehman Wave
Investigating what is happening in the Financial Crisis
By Robert Peels
LogiChem 2011 will be the event's tenth anniversary and an opportunity for the most senior chemical supply chain & global logistics directors from the European chemicals community to come together once again share experiences, make new contacts and benchmark the latest chemical supply chain initiatives.
Not only will LogiChem 2011 be a chance for the chemical industry to reminisce about the last ten years but an opportunity to shape the next decade. To celebrate a decade of LogiChem, there will be an exciting three day programme filled with networking opportunities in our new location, Antwerp.
This document provides a chart summarizing various feline vaccines. It lists the vaccine product names, manufacturers, and which diseases or pathogens the vaccines protect against such as distemper, calicivirus, panleukopenia virus, feline leukemia virus, and rabies. It also includes information on packaging and lot codes for each vaccine product.
This e-book is an accompaniment to the book "Creative Workshop: 80 Challenges to Sharpen Your Design Skills," more details here: http://www.davidsherwin.com/creative
"Creative Workshop" contains 80 creative challenges that will help any designer reach a breadth of stronger design solutions, in various media, within any set time period. Exercises range from creating a typeface in an hour, to designing a paper robot in an afternoon, to designing web pages and other interactive experiences. Each exercise includes compelling visual solutions from other designers and background stories to help designers increase their capacity to innovate.
Before the book, however, there was a quarter-long class where design students had to complete 80 projects in just 11 weeks. This Teacher's Guide describes the pedagogical methods behind the book, how to create your own Creative Workshop class or workshop series, as well as how to utilize challenges from the book most effectively in a classroom setting. This text is intended for teachers of design and creative thinking, but it may also be helpful for designers and creative managers.
Bank of America Merill Lynch - Banking & Insurance CEO Conference, Christian ...Nordea Bank
Christian Clausen, Group CEO of Nordea, presented at the Bank of America Merrill Lynch Banking & Insurance CEO Conference in London on September 30, 2010. In his presentation, he discussed Nordea's diversified and fast growing customer operations across the Nordic region, its strong capital position and credit ratings, and its record of success over the past 10 years through a series of mergers. He highlighted Nordea's stable profit development through the financial crisis and its continued focus on cost management and macroeconomic stabilization in its key markets.
This document discusses different types of community support, including proximity, sharing experiences, and modeling identity. It focuses on providing comfort through spiritual, emotional, intellectual, and practical support in a context of shared humanity, morality, and security.
The document summarizes a presentation given by Professor Jan Recker on BPMN research. Some of the key points made in the presentation include:
- BPMN scholarship has matured and the field needs to identify truly novel research problems and shift from explaining known concepts to exploring unknown areas.
- Research should look both backward by reviewing what is already known about BPMN as well as forward by exploring unknown areas.
- Researchers need to take an inward look at what the "right things" are to research and consider being boundary spanners to bridge different BPMN communities.
- Examples of potential research directions are provided such as exploring unknown future uses of BPMN, required extensions to
The document provides an overview of the Port of Rotterdam and its circular economy plans through 2030. It discusses three main points:
1. The Port of Rotterdam is a major economic driver for the Netherlands, handling over 400 million tons of cargo annually. It aims to increase sustainable practices and efficiency.
2. The port's vision through 2030 focuses on accommodating cargo growth while reducing environmental impacts. This includes initiatives like renewable energy projects, carbon capture and storage, and expanding facilities on Maasvlakte 2.
3. Key trends influencing the port's strategy are economic shifts to emerging markets, resource scarcity, and increasing scale in logistics. The port plans to transition cargo
Digital technologies are impacting all forms of communication. New technologies like broadband, wireless networks, and devices allow information to be consumed in many ways - on TV, computers, or mobile devices. This is leading to a more customized media experience where people can choose what, when, and how they access content. Content is increasingly being generated by users through blogs, social media, and user-uploaded videos/photos. This shifts control from traditional media companies to consumers.
Mobile Trends 2013 - Montreal Start-Up breakfast clubAcquisio
Mobile device usage continues to grow, with more people using their phones while shopping in stores. Retailers are adapting by allowing purchases from mobile devices in-store or anywhere. New technologies like Passbook on iOS bring loyalty cards and coupons to mobile. As applications move to minimal, graphic designs, iOS will likely remain dominant in the mobile market in 2013.
Mobile Marketing, a copy of the presentation delivered by Mark Challinor, Telegraph Media Group from the CIM Peterborough, Digital Marketing Boot Camp held on 25th May 2011 at Perkins Innovation Centre
El documento describe la gripe común, causada principalmente por dos virus: el rinovirus y el coronavirus. Explica los síntomas, que incluyen congestión nasal, fiebre y tos, así como la evolución de la enfermedad y su tratamiento con analgésicos y antivirales. Aunque la gripe parece leve, mata a miles de personas cada año, por lo que es importante seguir las recomendaciones de higiene, descanso y alimentación adecuada.
Este documento presenta una guía de aprendizaje sobre documentos comerciales para el programa de formación de Técnico en Comercio Internacional. Explica los conceptos clave de facturas, pedidos, recibos, cotizaciones y notas de crédito e incluye modelos de cada documento. También propone actividades prácticas para que los aprendices diseñen y programen estos documentos comerciales usando logotipos y datos de empresas. El objetivo es que los estudiantes adquieran las competencias necesarias para diligenciar correctamente documentación
The document summarizes a proposal for integrating Bangkok's mass transit system with its historic core districts to promote urban vitality and social cohesion. It begins by outlining the current fragmented conditions between the large-scale MTS and local urban fabric. The proposal then focuses on two districts located in an "urban dead void" that could potentially integrate with the historic core if redeveloped properly. Different types of streets and networks within the districts are analyzed. The vision is to use the MTS and underutilized streets to reconnect the districts, introducing mixed-use development and public transport options while preserving local heritage and networks. This would help balance development between the east and west sides of the river and address issues of segregation, sprawl
The document provides details on a proposed retreat center located by the Hudson River. It describes the daily schedule and facilities that allow two clients to work independently but also collaborate. In the morning, they have separate workspaces but can see each other's shadows through a translucent wall. They meet for lunch to discuss ideas before working together in the afternoon in a shared space with drafting and modeling areas. The site plan and elevations show the layout of the buildings and connection to the river via a deteriorating corridor.
Using Semantics to Enhance Content PublishingJamie Taylor
Here are the key points about microformats:
- They allow existing HTML content to be annotated so it can be extracted, indexed, searched, etc. by software.
- They use class names and other existing HTML elements/attributes to embed semantic metadata directly into HTML content.
- The vocabulary is small and focused on specific domains like contacts, events, reviews, etc.
- There is no standard parsing pattern so different software may interpret microformats differently.
- They are not as robust as RDFa or other semantic web standards since they only add semantics through class names rather than full semantic triples. But they are easier for non-technical users to implement in existing HTML.
So in summary, micro
The document advertises newly constructed office/retail space located at 181 South Park in San Francisco. The space totals approximately 10,000 square feet across the first and second floors and includes 6 on-site parking stalls. The premises can be leased individually or combined with lease terms between 3 to 10 years. Contact information is provided for brokers Hans Hansson and Craig Hansson to obtain more details.
1) RPG1 phosphorylates within 5 minutes of spore landing, and phosphorylation is race-specific, only occurring in response to viable spores of matching races.
2) Two effector proteins were isolated from spores that together induce RPG1 phosphorylation and degradation, as well as hypersensitive response in barley with functional Rpg1.
3) The proteins interact with each other and RPG1, suggesting they work cooperatively to trigger defense signaling through RPG1. Protein degradation alone is not sufficient for resistance.
This document provides a summary of the history of wireless signals and mobile phones in 3 sentences:
The first wireless signal was transmitted in 1903 from Brant Rock, Massachusetts using a kite and wire to send the letter "s" across the Atlantic. The first mobile phone call was made in New York City in 1946 using AT&T's Mobile Telephone Service. By 1973, Motorola had launched the first handheld mobile phone, weighing 2 pounds, with a talk time of only 30 minutes.
This is the final draft for the AAF competition in 2012. The campaign is for Nissan. Central Edge Communications took an edgy approach into creating the innovative campaign.
Making social media work for you | StreetGames National Conference 2013StreetGames
The document provides information about using social media effectively for community sports clubs. It discusses the benefits of social media, best practices for engagement, and findings from a project called Talk Right. Key findings include that 100% of participants had internet access, 78% had social media accounts, and 43% used social media late at night. The document recommends clubs provide information, share photos and videos, promote activities, and interact with members online to build their community presence on social media.
The Lehman Wave
Investigating what is happening in the Financial Crisis
By Robert Peels
LogiChem 2011 will be the event's tenth anniversary and an opportunity for the most senior chemical supply chain & global logistics directors from the European chemicals community to come together once again share experiences, make new contacts and benchmark the latest chemical supply chain initiatives.
Not only will LogiChem 2011 be a chance for the chemical industry to reminisce about the last ten years but an opportunity to shape the next decade. To celebrate a decade of LogiChem, there will be an exciting three day programme filled with networking opportunities in our new location, Antwerp.
This document provides a chart summarizing various feline vaccines. It lists the vaccine product names, manufacturers, and which diseases or pathogens the vaccines protect against such as distemper, calicivirus, panleukopenia virus, feline leukemia virus, and rabies. It also includes information on packaging and lot codes for each vaccine product.
This e-book is an accompaniment to the book "Creative Workshop: 80 Challenges to Sharpen Your Design Skills," more details here: http://www.davidsherwin.com/creative
"Creative Workshop" contains 80 creative challenges that will help any designer reach a breadth of stronger design solutions, in various media, within any set time period. Exercises range from creating a typeface in an hour, to designing a paper robot in an afternoon, to designing web pages and other interactive experiences. Each exercise includes compelling visual solutions from other designers and background stories to help designers increase their capacity to innovate.
Before the book, however, there was a quarter-long class where design students had to complete 80 projects in just 11 weeks. This Teacher's Guide describes the pedagogical methods behind the book, how to create your own Creative Workshop class or workshop series, as well as how to utilize challenges from the book most effectively in a classroom setting. This text is intended for teachers of design and creative thinking, but it may also be helpful for designers and creative managers.
Bank of America Merill Lynch - Banking & Insurance CEO Conference, Christian ...Nordea Bank
Christian Clausen, Group CEO of Nordea, presented at the Bank of America Merrill Lynch Banking & Insurance CEO Conference in London on September 30, 2010. In his presentation, he discussed Nordea's diversified and fast growing customer operations across the Nordic region, its strong capital position and credit ratings, and its record of success over the past 10 years through a series of mergers. He highlighted Nordea's stable profit development through the financial crisis and its continued focus on cost management and macroeconomic stabilization in its key markets.
This document discusses different types of community support, including proximity, sharing experiences, and modeling identity. It focuses on providing comfort through spiritual, emotional, intellectual, and practical support in a context of shared humanity, morality, and security.
The document summarizes a presentation given by Professor Jan Recker on BPMN research. Some of the key points made in the presentation include:
- BPMN scholarship has matured and the field needs to identify truly novel research problems and shift from explaining known concepts to exploring unknown areas.
- Research should look both backward by reviewing what is already known about BPMN as well as forward by exploring unknown areas.
- Researchers need to take an inward look at what the "right things" are to research and consider being boundary spanners to bridge different BPMN communities.
- Examples of potential research directions are provided such as exploring unknown future uses of BPMN, required extensions to
The document provides an overview of the Port of Rotterdam and its circular economy plans through 2030. It discusses three main points:
1. The Port of Rotterdam is a major economic driver for the Netherlands, handling over 400 million tons of cargo annually. It aims to increase sustainable practices and efficiency.
2. The port's vision through 2030 focuses on accommodating cargo growth while reducing environmental impacts. This includes initiatives like renewable energy projects, carbon capture and storage, and expanding facilities on Maasvlakte 2.
3. Key trends influencing the port's strategy are economic shifts to emerging markets, resource scarcity, and increasing scale in logistics. The port plans to transition cargo
Digital technologies are impacting all forms of communication. New technologies like broadband, wireless networks, and devices allow information to be consumed in many ways - on TV, computers, or mobile devices. This is leading to a more customized media experience where people can choose what, when, and how they access content. Content is increasingly being generated by users through blogs, social media, and user-uploaded videos/photos. This shifts control from traditional media companies to consumers.
Mobile Trends 2013 - Montreal Start-Up breakfast clubAcquisio
Mobile device usage continues to grow, with more people using their phones while shopping in stores. Retailers are adapting by allowing purchases from mobile devices in-store or anywhere. New technologies like Passbook on iOS bring loyalty cards and coupons to mobile. As applications move to minimal, graphic designs, iOS will likely remain dominant in the mobile market in 2013.
Mobile Marketing, a copy of the presentation delivered by Mark Challinor, Telegraph Media Group from the CIM Peterborough, Digital Marketing Boot Camp held on 25th May 2011 at Perkins Innovation Centre
El documento describe la gripe común, causada principalmente por dos virus: el rinovirus y el coronavirus. Explica los síntomas, que incluyen congestión nasal, fiebre y tos, así como la evolución de la enfermedad y su tratamiento con analgésicos y antivirales. Aunque la gripe parece leve, mata a miles de personas cada año, por lo que es importante seguir las recomendaciones de higiene, descanso y alimentación adecuada.
Este documento presenta una guía de aprendizaje sobre documentos comerciales para el programa de formación de Técnico en Comercio Internacional. Explica los conceptos clave de facturas, pedidos, recibos, cotizaciones y notas de crédito e incluye modelos de cada documento. También propone actividades prácticas para que los aprendices diseñen y programen estos documentos comerciales usando logotipos y datos de empresas. El objetivo es que los estudiantes adquieran las competencias necesarias para diligenciar correctamente documentación
Spring es un framework de código abierto que facilita el desarrollo de aplicaciones Java mediante la Inversión de Control (IoC) y la Programación Orientada a Aspectos (AOP). IoC permite definir las dependencias entre los componentes de una aplicación de forma declarativa en lugar de mediante código. Spring proporciona dos contenedores principales, BeanFactory y ApplicationContext, que gestionan el ciclo de vida de los objetos y resuelven sus dependencias de acuerdo a la configuración XML.
Zend is the leading provider of products and services for developing, deploying, and managing business-critical PHP applications. They offer tools like Zend Studio and servers like Zend Server and Zend Platform to help companies improve productivity, ensure high performance, and maintain security across the entire PHP application lifecycle from development to production. Zend's open source Zend Framework is also the de facto standard for building large PHP applications.
clasificación de las dinámicas de grupos unicrece tercer semestre grupo pedag...RebecaCruzPerez
El documento clasifica y describe brevemente las diferentes dinámicas de grupo. Estas incluyen dinámicas de presentación para crear un ambiente agradable y conocerse, dinámicas de conocimiento para aprender más sobre los demás, dinámicas de confianza para crear una atmósfera de corresponsabilidad, dinámicas de comunicación para desarrollar habilidades comunicativas, dinámicas de cooperación para promover el trabajo en equipo, dinámicas de resolución de conflictos para resolver problemas de forma creativa, y dinámicas de dist
Webinar "eMail Marketing en eCommerce: El desafío del Retail" eCommerce Institute
Diapositivas presentadas por Julian Drault, Director emBlue Email Marketing en el Webinar "eMail Mareting en eCommerce: El desafío del Retail" realizado el 26 de Mayo de 2016.
Este documento ofrece los detalles de un plan de financiación para la compra de equipos informáticos, incluyendo un precio al contado de 1,000€ o 10 cuotas de 100€ cada una con un interés del 0% y un TAE del 4.53%. La financiación está disponible para compras mínimas de 150€ y tiene una comisión de aplazamiento del 2% (20€). El importe total a pagar es de 1,020€ si se financia, y la oferta es válida hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2014.
El documento proporciona sugerencias para crear un collage sobre la diversidad cultural mundial, incluyendo culturas tradicionales, contemporáneas y emergentes. Se sugiere usar cartón, cartulina u otros materiales para representar las tres culturas usando siluetas humanas, trenes, pirámides u otras cajas de cartón. Se deben pegar imágenes recortadas de cada cultura y puede incluirse información adicional. El collage debe presentarse el viernes.
This document outlines the language courses and exams offered by the Centre for Applied Linguistics and Cultural Studies (CCLASC) at Petru Maior University in Targu Mures, Romania. The CCLASC provides general and specialized language courses in English, French, German, Italian, and Romanian, as well as exam preparation courses for national and international language proficiency exams. Courses are available at various levels and for various purposes, including academic requirements, career needs, and leisure. Certificates of participation or proficiency are awarded upon completion. The CCLASC aims to support both the local and national community's extracurricular language learning, testing, and professional development needs.
Casos reales de Native Advertising en medios españoles: el Huffington Post. B...NativeAD
Ejemplos de campañas de publicidad nativa que ha llevado a cabo la edición española del Huffington Post en distintos formatos: post patrocinado, noticia patrocinada, brand page...
Este documento presenta las guías GINA 2014 para el manejo del asma. Los objetivos del buen control del asma incluyen evitar síntomas, necesitar poca medicación, tener una vida activa y función pulmonar normal. El documento describe los criterios para diagnosticar asma, la evaluación del paciente, el control del asma, el papel de la función pulmonar, el tratamiento para controlar síntomas y minimizar riesgos futuros, y el manejo basado en el control del asma.
Este documento trata sobre óptica geométrica, describiendo conceptos como la formación de imágenes en espejos y lentes, los tipos de espejos y lentes, y las ecuaciones que rigen la formación de imágenes. Explica los elementos ópticos básicos como centros de curvatura, ejes principales, focos y distancias focales. También describe brevemente instrumentos ópticos como microscopios y telescopios.
Este documento explica cómo recortar imágenes en Microsoft Word. El usuario puede recortar cualquier imagen excepto GIF animadas usando el comando Recortar en la barra de herramientas Imagen. Para recortar, el usuario selecciona la imagen, hace clic en Recortar y luego arrastra los controles para ajustar el recorte.
El documento define el estado asmático como una emergencia médica caracterizada por un severo episodio de broncoespasmo que causa alteraciones hemodinámicas e intercambio gaseoso y no revierte con terapia convencional. Proporciona recomendaciones para la evaluación inicial, tratamiento inicial con oxígeno, broncodilatadores y glucocorticoides, y reevaluación luego de una hora.
Anatomía, fisiología y alteración de las uñasrumbero2011
Este documento describe la anatomía, fisiología y alteraciones más comunes de las uñas. Explica que las uñas están compuestas principalmente de queratina y protegen la piel debajo de ellas. También detalla varias alteraciones como uñas secas, duras, frágiles, con estrías o manchas, y sus posibles causas como deficiencias nutricionales, traumatismos o enfermedades. Además, explica cómo ciertos hongos como dermatofitos y bacterias pueden causar infecciones en las uñ
Este documento propone una estrategia de marketing en redes sociales que incluye: 1) Definir objetivos claros y participantes clave; 2) Planificar acciones de comunicación como publicaciones y eventos siguiendo un calendario; 3) Asignar un community manager responsable de interactuar en redes, escuchar comentarios y medir el impacto de las acciones para mejorar continuamente. La propuesta detalla acciones específicas en Facebook, Twitter y LinkedIn como publicar contenido relevante diariamente y responder a comentarios para fomentar el engagement.
20120820 conversion of historic newspapers to digital objects [boris yeltsin ...Frederick Zarndt
This document provides statistics about the digitization of newspapers and use of digital and physical newspapers. It includes data such as population sizes, numbers of unique visitors to digital newspaper collections, requests for physical newspapers in reading rooms, percentages of genealogical and other users, and ages of users. The statistics cover countries such as Australia, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, the UK, and the USA. It compares numbers of requests for physical newspapers to numbers of visitors for digitized historical newspapers. It also provides additional data on some digital newspaper collections, including their approximate sizes in pages and numbers of lines corrected.
The document summarizes several off-road trails near Market Harborough, a rural town in the United Kingdom. It lists the Brampton Valley trail, Foxton Locks Trail along the Grand Union Canal, and the Market Harborough Round route, which is 60% off-road. It also mentions the trail at Burrough Hill near Market Harborough.
This document discusses several topics related to online safety and appropriate social media use for teenagers. It provides guidelines and suggestions for parents to have small group discussions with their children about interacting safely online, using social networks respectfully, avoiding inappropriate pictures/posts, and establishing rules for technology use. Potential discussion points include recognizing bullying, blocking inappropriate content/people, and bringing any unsafe situations to the attention of parents or other trusted adults.
This document announces a 2012 1st Annual 5K race benefiting the U.S. Wounded Soldiers Foundation. The race will take place on Sunday, March 18th at 9:00am at GreatLife Golf and Fitness in Lebanon, Missouri. Registration is $29 if pre-registered by February 27th and $39 on race day. T-shirts are available for $15 for pre-registrants. The proceeds will go to the U.S. Wounded Soldier Foundation.
This document outlines a marketing plan from Charleston Home + Design Magazine to promote Guild Quality Builders in the Charleston area. The plan utilizes multiple platforms including print, radio, events, and web to raise awareness of what Guild Quality is and highlight local builders who are Guild Quality members. The comprehensive plan is available exclusively to Guild Quality builders and provides promotion through ads, articles, interviews, and event marketing worth over $30,000 in value.
This document promotes several social and cultural events happening in June 2010 in Brisbane, Australia. The events include films at The Edge rooftop cinema, a secret birds event, workshops on gardening and herbs, and a screening of short films.
The document provides an introduction to gears and gearing. It defines the objectives as understanding the concept of gears, their types and functions in engineering, and being able to sketch and label gear parts and understand spur gear measurement. The document then describes various types of gears including spur gears, internal gears, helical gears, herringbone gears, bevel gears, miter gears, angular bevel gears, hypoid gears, worm and worm gears, rack and pinion gears. It also defines various gear terminology and describes measuring and testing gears using a gear-tooth vernier caliper.
The document provides an introduction to gears and gearing. It defines the objectives as understanding the concept of gears, their types and functions in engineering, and being able to sketch and label gear parts and understand spur gear measurement. The document then describes various types of gears including spur gears, internal gears, helical gears, herringbone gears, bevel gears, miter gears, angular bevel gears, hypoid gears, worm and worm gears, rack and pinion gears. It also defines various gear terminology and describes measuring and testing gears using a gear-tooth vernier caliper.
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Workshop Of Ict Indicators In Education Ocde@cristobalcobo
Open a file
Play computer games
Start a computer game
Save a computer document or file
Delete a computer document or file
Draw pictures using a mouse
Print a computer document or file
Scroll a document up and down a screen
Create/edit a document
Move files from one place to another on a computer
Copy a file from a floppy disk
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The document discusses REFEDS' interest in facilitating identity federations through central registration of entity data and legal agreements. It notes the current barriers federations face, like multiple registries of entity data, legal documents, and fees. It proposes that REFEDS could help by providing a central place for registering this information, similar to its PEER service which allows cross-federation entity registration and discovery. This would help reduce complexity for service providers joining multiple federations.
Netherlands to help promote Vietnam tourism image abroad. Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi won the PATA gold award 2010. Contest to seek new slogan for National Tourism Campaign. International Tourism Festival to be held with Hanoi’s millennial years. Vietnam Water Puppetry.....
Similar to 20120822 conversion of historic newspapers to digital objects [russian state library] (20)
Digitization of the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum ArchivesFrederick Zarndt
This document provides a summary of a report on a project to preserve, digitize, index and host archives from the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum in Cambodia. The project aims to spread an objective vision of history by digitizing over 400,000 pages of materials related to the Khmer Rouge regime and Tuol Sleng prison. Key aspects of the project include training museum staff, digitizing the materials to high standards, creating searchable databases and indexes, and developing a public-facing website with crowd-sourcing capabilities to engage the Cambodian people. Challenges include the fragile materials, limited local skills and equipment, and ensuring the work is done to completion within a tight timeline and budget.
2017 Born Digital Legal Deposit Policies and PracticesFrederick Zarndt
This document summarizes the key details and findings of a survey conducted in 2014 and 2017 on born digital legal deposit policies and practices. The 2014 survey was sent to 20 national libraries and received responses from 17 libraries. It found that legal deposit laws varied widely, with Nordic countries leading in digital content capture while many others made no provision for digital. Only 7 countries addressed deposit of born-digital content. To update the survey, the authors expanded their team in 2017 and broadened the survey reach. The document reviews 17 previous related surveys from 2005-2016 on topics like audiovisual preservation, e-legal deposit, web archiving, and digital news preservation. It provides context on the goals and questions of each prior survey.
In 2015, three of the authors (Zarndt, McCain, Carner) surveyed the born digital content legal deposit policies and practices in 18 different countries and presented the results of the survey at the 2015 International News Media Conference hosted by the National Library of Sweden in Stockholm, Sweden, April 2015.
As a first step, the authors reviewed previous surveys about legal deposit and digital preservation. The authors updated and streamlined the 2015 survey in order to assess progress in creating or improving national policies and in implementing practices for preserving born digital content. The current survey consists of as many as 20 questions; which questions are asked depends on the respondent’s previous answers.
More than 50 countries and states in Australia, Germany and USA, participated in the survey. The survey closed at the end of November 2017. The authors expect to repeat the survey periodically in order to assess progress in developing born digital legal policy and implementing the policy in practice.
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The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion it has taken place. George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright, co-founder of London School of Economics, and Nobel Prize in Literature (1925).
Projects are about communication, communication, and communication. B. Elenbass in "Staging a project: Are you setting your project up for success?"
What one says to compatriots in face-to-face conversation is often misunderstood; imagine the possibilities for misunderstandings with someone from halfway around the world, natively speaking another language, and living in a different culture! In such circumstances how can you be sure that your collocutor has understood you in face-to-face (hard), telephone (harder), and email (hardest) conversations? Without being fully present in the conversation -- mindfully aware -- whether it's face-to-face, by Skype or phone, or through email, successful communication is difficult, even more so for intercultural communication.
The ubiquity of English facilitates basic communication, but its use as a common language frequently disguises cultural differences. Furthermore, to say that English (or any other language) can be ambiguous, is an understatement. But regardless of language, clear communication is essential for success in any collaborative undertaking whether done by a small co-located group or by a globally dispersed team.
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Coronado public library digital newspapers workshop local partnerships [oct 2...Frederick Zarndt
Using digitized historical newspapers for genealogical research
Brian Geiger, California Digital Newspaper Collection
Frederick Zarndt, IFLA Governing Board
1. Introductory remarks: Who we are; focus on freely available collections and especially those that allow researchers to create accounts; numerous sites they can pay to access but we won’t spend much time on them
2. Only small percentage of surviving newspapers have been digitized
3. How newspapers are digitized. Focusing especially on OCR, if it’s not OCR’ed well it’s not discoverable
4. How Coronado newspapers were digitized. CDNC’s work with the public library, Coronado Public Library’s work with the publisher, the process of scanning the film and processing the images, etc.
5. Free vs. Pay. 2 kinds of digitized newspaper archives: 1) publicly funded and available for free, 2) commercial sites you pay to access. Dozens or even hundreds of public sites, from small institutional to national.
6. Google won’t always get you what you want
7. Basic search using Elephind: What elephind is. Search “Abraham Lincoln” and explain what they see. Described “facets”
8. CDNC advanced search
9. Collecting What You Find: Right-click features in the CDNC
10. Collecting What You Find: CDNC user accounts
11. Interacting with Content: CDNC
12. Interacting with Content: Tagging and commenting in CDNC
Coronado public library digital newspapers workshop [Oct 2016]Frederick Zarndt
Using digitized historical newspapers for genealogical research
Brian Geiger, California Digital Newspaper Collection
Frederick Zarndt, IFLA Governing Board
1. Introductory remarks: Who we are; focus on freely available collections and especially those that allow researchers to create accounts; numerous sites they can pay to access but we won’t spend much time on them
2. Only small percentage of surviving newspapers have been digitized
3. How newspapers are digitized. Focusing especially on OCR, if it’s not OCR’ed well it’s not discoverable
4. How Coronado newspapers were digitized. CDNC’s work with the public library, Coronado Public Library’s work with the publisher, the process of scanning the film and processing the images, etc.
5. Free vs. Pay. 2 kinds of digitized newspaper archives: 1) publicly funded and available for free, 2) commercial sites you pay to access. Dozens or even hundreds of public sites, from small institutional to national.
6. Google won’t always get you what you want
7. Basic search using Elephind: What elephind is. Search “Abraham Lincoln” and explain what they see. Described “facets”
8. CDNC advanced search
9. Collecting What You Find: Right-click features in the CDNC
10. Collecting What You Find: CDNC user accounts
11. Interacting with Content: CDNC
12. Interacting with Content: Tagging and commenting in CDNC
What did you say? mindful interculture communication [201608 icgse]Frederick Zarndt
The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion it has taken place. George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright, co-founder of London School of Economics, and Nobel Prize in Literature (1925).
Projects are about communication, communication, and communication. B. Elenbass in "Staging a project: Are you setting your project up for success?"
What one says to compatriots in face-to-face conversation is often misunderstood; imagine the possibilities for misunderstandings with someone from halfway around the world, natively speaking another language, and living in a different culture! In such circumstances how can you be sure that your collocutor has understood you in face-to-face (hard), telephone (harder), and email (hardest) conversations? Without being fully present in the conversation -- mindfully aware -- whether it's face-to-face, by Skype or phone, or through email, successful communication is difficult, even more so for intercultural communication.
The ubiquity of English facilitates basic communication, but its use as a common language frequently disguises cultural differences. Furthermore, to say that English (or any other language) can be ambiguous, is an understatement. But regardless of language, clear communication is essential for success in any collaborative undertaking whether done by a small co-located group or by a globally dispersed team.
This tutorial teaches mindful communication and describes frameworks useful in understanding cultural differences and gives real-life examples of misunderstandings due to such differences. Expect to take away practical tools to understand your own cultural biases and in-class practice mindful communication with your colleagues from other cultures as well as your own. You will also learn about frameworks for understanding other cultures based on work by Geert Hofstede, Fons Trompenaars, and others as well as on the presenter's own experiences.
Here Today, Gone within a Month: The Fleeting Life of Digital NewsFrederick Zarndt
In 1989 on the shores of Montana’s beautiful Flathead Lake, the owners of the weekly newspaper the Bigfork Eagle started TownNews.com to help community newspapers with developing technology. TownNews.com has since evolved into an integrated digital publishing and content management system used by more than 1600 newspaper, broadcast, magazine, and web-native publications in North America. TownNews.com is now headquartered on the banks of the mighty Mississippi river in Moline Illinois.
Not long ago Marc Wilson, CEO of TownNews.com, noticed that of the 220,000+ e-edition pages posted on behalf of its customers at the beginning of the month, 210,000 were deleted by month’s end.
What? The front page story about a local business being sold to an international corporation that I read online September 1 will be gone by September 30? As well as the story about my daughter’s 1st place finish in the district field and track meet?
A 2014 national survey by the Reynolds Journalism Institute (RJI) of 70 digital-only and 406 hybrid (digital and print) newspapers conclusively showed that newspaper publishers also do not maintain archives of the content they produce. RJI found a dismal 12% of the “hybrid” newspapers reported even backing up their digital news content and fully 20% of the “digital-only” newspapers reported that they are backing up none of their content. Educopia Institute’s 2012 and 2015 surveys with newspapers and libraries concur, and further demonstrate that the longstanding partner to the newspaper—the library—likewise is neither collecting nor preserving this digital content.
This leaves us with a bitter irony, that today, one can find stories published prior to 1922 in the Library of Congress’s Chronicling America and other digitized, out-of-copyright newspaper collections but cannot, and never will be able to, read a story published online less than a month ago.
In this paper we look at how much news is published online that is never published in print or on more permanent media. We estimate how much online news is or will soon be forever lost because no one preserves it: not publishers, not libraries, not content management systems, and not the Internet Archive. We delve into some of the reasons why this content is not yet preserved, and we examine the persistent challenges of digital preservation and of digital curation of this content type. We then suggest a pathway forward, via some initial steps that journalists, producers, legislators, libraries, distributors, and readers may each take to begin to rectify this historical loss going forward.
Here Today, Gone within a Month: The Fleeting Life of Digital NewsFrederick Zarndt
This document discusses the fleeting lifespan of digital news content. It notes that TownNews.com, which hosts digital content for over 1600 publications, found that 210,000 of the 220,000 digital news pages from the beginning of a month were deleted by the end of the month. Surveys have shown that few digital news producers actively preserve their content, with only 12% of hybrid print-digital newspapers backing up content and 20% of digital-only newspapers backing no content up at all. As a result, much recent digital news content is lost to researchers and the historical record. The document examines challenges to preserving born-digital news and suggests stakeholders like journalists, legislators, libraries and readers should take initial steps to address this problem
An international survey of born digital legal deposit policies and practices ...Frederick Zarndt
That news publication has changed dramatically since the advent of the Internet and the Web is no news to anyone. There are many examples of established news organizations that have either stopped printing newspapers or shifted to publishing news on websites or through social media such as Facebook and Twitter. There are even more examples of new news organizations that have never printed news on paper and are digital only.
To the authors’ knowledge, every country has one or more legal deposit organizations tasked with preserving news for future generations. Legal deposit laws in some countries have been amended to include news that may never be instantiated on paper (born digital news). However, legal deposit laws are by no means universally amended and, even when such amendments have been made, their embodiment in practice varies widely.
As a follow-on to the paper Missing links: The digital news preservation discontinuity (http://www.ifla.org/node/8933) presented in August 2014 at IFLA News Media section satellite conference at the ITU Library in Geneva, Switzerland, the authors have surveyed cultural heritage organizations (libraries) around the world about their respective national born digital legal deposit policies and practices. We share the survey results and consider the ramifications of inadequate born digital news preservation policies and practice to future generations.
An international survey of born digital legal deposit policies and practices ...Frederick Zarndt
That news publication has changed dramatically since the advent of the Internet and the Web is no news to anyone. There are many examples of established news organizations that have either stopped printing newspapers or shifted to publishing news on websites or through social media such as Facebook and Twitter. There are even more examples of new news organizations that have never printed news on paper and are digital only.
To the authors’ knowledge, every country has one or more legal deposit organizations tasked with preserving news for future generations. Legal deposit laws in some countries have been amended to include news that may never be instantiated on paper (born digital news). However, legal deposit laws are by no means universally amended and, even when such amendments have been made, their embodiment in practice varies widely.
As a follow-on to the paper Missing links: The digital news preservation discontinuity (http://www.ifla.org/node/8933) presented in August 2014 at IFLA News Media section satellite conference at the ITU Library in Geneva, Switzerland, the authors have surveyed cultural heritage organizations (libraries) around the world about their respective national born digital legal deposit policies and practices. We share the survey results and consider the ramifications of inadequate born digital news preservation policies and practice to future generations.
20140628 crowdsourcing, family history, and long tails for libraries [ala ann...Frederick Zarndt
In all of its many flavors, crowdsourcing works. It works for cultural heritage organizations too. During this presentation we look at various aspects of crowdsourced OCR text correction, commenting, and tagging for digitized historical newspapers at the National Library of Australia’s Trove, the California Digital Newspaper Collection (CDNC), and at the Cambridge Public Library in Cambridge Massachusetts as well as the astounding number of historical birth, death, marriage, census, and other records transcribed by “crowd” volunteers at Family Search. Some aspects include: demographics, experiences, motivation, quality, preferred data, economics and marketing. You will see that crowd sourcing is not only feasible but also practical and desirable. You will wonder why your own cultural heritage organization hasn't begun its own crowdsourcing project!
20131019 digital collections - if you build them will anyone visit [library 2...Frederick Zarndt
This document discusses digital historical newspaper collections in libraries and their visibility on the internet. It finds that while libraries spend significant resources digitizing collections, the collections receive little internet traffic and have poor search engine results. Some key points made include:
- Historical newspaper collections are among the most used collections in libraries with digital texts but receive low percentages of overall website traffic.
- Searching sample collections for information on the Gallipoli campaign yields few or no results from the library collections in the first 100 Google/Google News search results.
- Simple changes like adding XML sitemaps and adjusting robots.txt files can significantly increase search engine indexing and traffic for digital collections.
20130903 what did you say? interculture communication [hamburg]Frederick Zarndt
This document discusses intercultural communication and misunderstandings. It provides quotes and principles about the importance of effective communication to build understanding between people from different cultures and avoid assumptions. It notes that a lack of communication or poor communication can lead to more assumptions and misunderstandings.
201308 wlic standards committee zarndt et al the alto editorial board collabo...Frederick Zarndt
The document provides information about the ALTO Editorial Board, which maintains the ALTO (Analyzed Layout and Text Object) XML standard for describing page layout and content metadata. The board was established in 2009 and is comprised of members from libraries and organizations around the world. The board aims to promote ALTO usage and ensure the standard evolves to meet emerging needs. Meeting agendas, procedures, and examples of board members' motivations for participation are presented.
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
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04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
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20120822 conversion of historic newspapers to digital objects [russian state library]
1. conversion of newspapers
to digital objects,
digital data preservation,
and other interesting things
Frederick Zarndt
Chair, IFLA Newspapers Section
frederick@frederickzarndt.com
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Tuesday, August 21, 12
3. Photo by DAVID ILIFF. License: CC-BY-SA 3.0
Monthly average
Requests for
Visitors Newspapers
Population Reading Room Microform Print
Australia 22,876,000 5,130 345 240
reading rooms by France
Netherlands
65,350,000
16,847,000
3,000
NA
2,000
NA
1,000
NA
the numbers New Zealand
Norway
4,414,000
4,985,000
NA
600
NA
400
NA
NA
Singapore 5,184,000 NA 300 NA
UK 62,262,000 2,000 6,900 4,816
USA 313,292,000 NA NA NA
Tuesday, August 21, 12
4. digitised newspapers
by the numbers
Monthly average
Digitised Historical Newspapers
Population Unique Visitors Genealogist Other User Age
22,876,000 150,000 50% 50% >55
37,692,000 12,800 65% 35% >50
5,405,000 NA NA NA ?
65,350,000 22,000 NA NA ?
16,847,000 50,000 NA NA ?
4,414,000 83,333 50% NA >50
4,985,000 1,500 NA NA ?
5,184,000 12,400 NA NA ?
62,262,000 NA NA NA ?
313,292,000 NA NA NA ?
Tuesday, August 21, 12
5. physical versus digital
Monthly average
Requests for Newspapers Digitised Historical Newspapers
Population Paper + Microform Unique Visitors
22,876,000 585 150,000
37,692,000 NA 12,800
5,405,000 NA NA
65,350,000 3,000 22,000
16,847,000 NA 50,000
4,414,000 NA 83,333
4,985,000 400 1,500
5,184,000 300 12,400
62,262,000 11,716 NA
313,292,000 NA NA
Tuesday, August 21, 12
6. more numbers!
Monthly average
Collection Digitised Historical Newspapers
Lines
Population Name ~Size [pages] Unique Visitors Genealogist Other Corrected User Age
22,876,000 Trove 5,000,000 150,000 50% 50% 220,000 >55
37,692,000 CDNC 495,000 12,800 65% 35% 31,000 >50
5,405,000 Historical Newspaper Library 2,000,000 NA NA NA NA ?
65,350,000 Gallica 2,200,000 22,000 NA NA NA ?
16,847,000 Historische Kranten 5,000,000 50,000 NA NA NA ?
4,414,000 Papers Past 2,213,000 83,333 50% NA NA >50
4,985,000 NBDigital Aviser 8,100,000 1,500 NA NA NA ?
5,184,000 Newspaper SG 2,400,000 12,400 NA NA NA ?
62,262,000 British Newspaper Archive 4,880,000 NA NA NA NA ?
313,292,000 Chronicling America 4,100,000 NA NA NA NA ?
Tuesday, August 21, 12
7. what is Alexa?
• Alexa collects and analyzes Internet data for purposes of web analytics. Web analytics is
the measurement, collection, analysis and reporting of Internet data for the purposes of
understanding and optimizing web usage. Alexa is now a subsidiary of Amazon.
• Alexa was founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle (Internet Archive) and Bruce Gilliat.
• Alexa operations includes archiving of webpages as they are crawled. This database served
as the basis for the creation of the Internet Archive accessible through the Wayback
Machine.
• Alexa continually crawls all publicly-available websites to create a series of snapshots of
the web.
• Alexa gathers information from a variety of sources to provide key statistics about each
site on the web, for example, Traffic Rank, the number of PageViews, and site Speed,
Bounce Rate, etc. This information is derived from Alexa toolbar users (~6,000,000
worldwide).
Tuesday, August 21, 12
8. definitions
• A PageView is a request for a file whose type is defined as a page.
• A Unique Visitor is a uniquely identified client generating requests on the
web server or viewing pages within a defined time period (i.e. day, week or
month). A Unique Visitor counts once within the timescale.
• A Visit is a series of page requests from the same uniquely identified client
with a time of no more than 30 minutes between each page request.
• Bounce Rate is the percentage of visits where the visitor enters and exits at
the same page without visiting any other pages on the site in between.
• World | Country Rank is a function of the average daily unique visits and
the number of unique pages requested.
definitions adapted from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_analytics
Tuesday, August 21, 12
10. Alexa ranking country view
Alexa 3 month trailing averages 2-Apr-2012
World rank Country rank
Population Website [Lo is good] [Lo is good]
5,405,000 http://www.nationallibrary.fi/ 3,212,803 199
22,876,000 http://www.nla.gov.au/ 16,700 375
4,414,000 http://www.natlib.govt.nz/ 123,976 515
65,350,000 http://www.bnf.fr/ 17,096 727
4,985,000 http://www.nb.no/ 189,940 891
313,292,000 http://www.loc.gov/index.html/ 3,122 1,011
5,184,000 http://www.nl.sg/ 156,610 1,208
62,262,000 http://www.bl.uk/ 27,079 2,245
16,847,000 http://www.kb.nl/ 155,363 3,450
62,262,000 http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/ 155,259 15,692
Tuesday, August 21, 12
11. where visitors go
Alexa 3 month trailing averages 2-Apr-2012
World rank Country rank
Population [Lo is good] [Lo is good] Where visitors go [sub-domain]
5,405,000 3,212,803 199 NA NA
22,876,000 16,700 375 http://trove.nla.gov.au/ 57.2%
4,414,000 123,976 515 http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/ 50.9%
65,350,000 17,096 727 http://gallica.bnf.fr/ 52.0%
4,985,000 189,940 891 NA NA
313,292,000 3,122 1,011 http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/ 4.8%
5,184,000 156,610 1,208 http://newspapers.nl.sg/ 28.0%
62,262,000 27,079 2,245 http://newspapers11.bl.uk/blcs/ 2.5%
16,847,000 155,363 3,450 http://kranten.kb.nl/ 22.4%
62,262,000 155,259 15,692 NA NA
Tuesday, August 21, 12
12. lots of numbers
(sorted by time on site)
Alexa 3 month trailing averages 2-Apr-2012
Page views
Speed Bounce rate Reputation per visitor Time on site
Website [Hi is good] [Lo is good] [Hi is good] [Hi is good] [Hi is good]
http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/ 51% 28% 485 13.0 11m 40s
http://www.bnf.fr/ 71% 35% 13,744 14.9 8m 30s
http://www.natlib.govt.nz/ 96% 44% 2,480 5.3 6m 49s
http://trove.nla.gov.au/ 42% 55% 9,514 5.4 4m 52s
http://www.loc.gov/index.html/ 67% 51% 91,331 5.3 3m 55s
http://www.kb.nl/ 89% 54% 3,295 5.0 3m 42s
http://www.bl.uk/ 54% 52% 16,191 3.8 3m 2s
http://www.nb.no/ 59% 47% 1,579 3.0 2m 57s
http://www.nationallibrary.fi/ NA 54% 199 3.1 2m 6s
http://www.nl.sg/ 72% 65% 802 2.0 2m 4s
Tuesday, August 21, 12
13. even more numbers
(sorted by time on site)
Alexa 3 month trailing averages 2-Apr-2012
Page views
Speed Bounce rate Reputation per visitor Time on site
Website [Hi is good] [Lo is good] [Hi is good] [Hi is good] [Hi is good]
http://www.ancestry.com/ 32% 24% 20,055 29.9 23m 54s
http://www.familysearch.org/ 50% 18% 9,832 15.8 16m 19s
http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/ 51% 28% 485 13.0 11m 40s
http://www.bnf.fr/ 71% 35% 13,744 14.9 8m 30s
http://www.natlib.govt.nz/ 96% 44% 2,480 5.3 6m 49s
http://trove.nla.gov.au/ 42% 55% 9,514 5.4 4m 52s
http://www.loc.gov/index.html/ 67% 51% 91,331 5.3 3m 55s
http://www.kb.nl/ 89% 54% 3,295 5.0 3m 42s
http://www.bl.uk/ 54% 52% 16,191 3.8 3m 2s
http://www.nb.no/ 59% 47% 1,579 3.0 2m 57s
http://www.nationallibrary.fi/ NA 54% 199 3.1 2m 6s
http://www.nl.sg/ 72% 65% 802 2.0 2m 4s
Tuesday, August 21, 12
14. why digitize newspaper
collections?
digital newspapers enable broader,
easier, and faster access
Tuesday, August 21, 12
16. selection criteria
• importance of title
• complete (no missing issues)
• temporal coverage
• research value
• quality / fragility of original documents
• quality of microfilm
• etc (other local criteria)
Tuesday, August 21, 12
17. page-level versus article-level
newspaper digitization
production copyright
cost usability accessibility
difficulty management
page-level $ easy usually simple low good
article-level $$$ hard usually complex excellent excellent
Tuesday, August 21, 12
19. the digitization process
ingest
image digitization
text preservation
production images magic
objects access
access
Tuesday, August 21, 12
20. standard file formats
• image file formats
• TIFF
• JPEG2000
• JPEG
• GIF
• text file formats
• PDF, PDF/A, PDF/A-1b, PDF/A-1a
• TEI XML
• HTML
• plain text
• NITF / NewsML
• metadata
• METS
• MODS / PREMIS / ALTO / MIX ...
Tuesday, August 21, 12
21. image decisions
• image production source materials
? ¿
• original documents: better quality,
more expensive
• microfiche: poorer quality, less
expensive, microfiche quality varies
• bit depth
• black-and-white (bitonal)
• greyscale
• color
• resolution
• compression
• no compression
• lossless (reversible)
• lossy (irreversible)
• image metadata
Tuesday, August 21, 12
22. image format comparison
color mime 1st public
compression bit depth metadata patent
management type release
JBIG lossless 1-bit no no 2000?
(.jbig, .jbg)
8-bit
JPEG lossy, DCT, RLE,
12-bit yes yes
image/jpeg
no 1992
Huffman public.jpeg
(.jpg, .jpeg) 24-bit
8-bit yes but
many lossless and image/jp2
JPEG2000 lossy compression
16-bit
yes yes public.jpeg20
part 1 is
2000
color to 48 patent
(.jp2) algorithms
bits
0
free
none
LZW
TIFF RLE
1, 2, 4, 8, 16,
yes yes
image/tiff
no 1986
public.tiff
(.tiff, .tif) ZIP 24, 32 bits
Other
Wikipedia contributors, "Comparison of Graphics File Formats," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Comparison_of_graphics_file_formats (accessed August 1, 2012)
Tuesday, August 21, 12
23. digital library standards
• METS XML for descriptive, structural, technical, and
administrative metadata
• descriptive metadata
• Metadata Object Description Standard (MODS)
selected metadata from MARC
• Dublin Core fundamental group of text elements for
describing and cataloging
• technical metadata
• ALTO for OCR text
• PREMIS for digital preservation
• MIX and ANSI/NISO Z39.87 for images
Tuesday, August 21, 12
24. Metadata Encoding and
Transmission Standard
• METS is a XML standard for encoding descriptive,
administrative, and structural metadata about objects within a
digital library
• METS files consist of 7 (optional) sections: header, descriptive,
administrative, file map, structural map, structural link, and
behavior
• METS profiles describe a class of METS documents in sufficient
detail to provide both document authors and programmers the
guidance to create and process METS documents conforming
with a particular profile
• current version 1.9.1
• administered by METS editorial board (international group of
volunteers)
• standards hosted by Library of Congress at http://www.loc.gov/
standards/mets/
Tuesday, August 21, 12
25. METS file structure
Graphic from Karin Bredenberg, Communicating Archival Metadata conference and workshops. Riksarkivet, 2011.
Tuesday, August 21, 12
26. Metadata Object Description Schema
• MODS is an XML schema for a bibliographic element set that
may be used for library applications. Derivative of MARC 21
bibliographic format. Includes a subset of MARC fields, using
language-based tags rather than numeric ones
• Subset of MARC 21
• Mappings exist between MODS and MARC, Dublin Core, and
RDA (conversion tools exist)
• May be used in conjunction with METS XML
• current version 3.4
• administered by Library of Congress Network Development and
MARC Standards Office with help from interested users
• standards hosted by Library of Congress at http://www.loc.gov/
standards/mods/
Tuesday, August 21, 12
28. Dublin Core metadata
• Dublin Core is a set of vocabulary terms used to describe
resources for the purposes of discovery.
• Dublin Core metadata element set is endorsed in IETF RFC
5013, ISO 15836-2009, and NISO Z39.85
• Metadata terms last updated 14-Jun-2012
• May be used in conjunction with METS XML
• Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) is an open
organization, incorporated as a public, not-for-profit
company in Singapore
• Dublin Core Metadata Initiative is hosted at http://
dublincore.org/
Tuesday, August 21, 12
29. Analyzed Layout and Text Object
• ALTO XML provides technical metadata for describing the
layout and content of physical text resources, such as pages of a
book or a newspaper
• commonly used in conjunction with METS XML but may be
used standalone
• current version 2.0
• administered by ALTO editorial board (international group of
volunteers)
• standards hosted by Library of Congress at http://www.loc.gov/
standards/alto/
Tuesday, August 21, 12
33. Preservation Metadata
Implementation Strategies
• PREMIS is a core set of implementable preservation metadata,
broadly applicable across a wide range of digital preservation
contexts and supported by guidelines and recommendations
for creation, management, and use
• In 2003 OCLC and RLG jointly sponsored the formation of the
PREMIS working group comprised of international experts in
the use of metadata to support digital preservation activities
• PREMIS data dictionary current version 2.2
• May be used in conjunction with METS XML
• PREMIS tools are freely available
• PREMIS Maintenance Activity and Editorial Committee has
international members from libraries and industry
• PREMIS data dictionary is hosted at http://www.loc.gov/
standards/premis/
Tuesday, August 21, 12
38. digitization magic
build
image layout
images OCR metadata digital objects
processing analysis
objects
Tuesday, August 21, 12
39. digitization magic
build
image layout
images OCR metadata digital objects
processing analysis
objects
• crop, de-skew, split images
• apply image improvement algorithms as needed
• sharpening filters
• local adaptive thresholding
• remove text bleed-thru
• etc
• create master images
• create working images
Tuesday, August 21, 12
40. digitization magic
build
image layout
images OCR metadata digital objects
processing analysis
objects
• analyze layout of text image
• estimate font types and sizes
• calculate coordinates of text blocks
• determine layout object types (text,
illustration, headline, etc)
Tuesday, August 21, 12
41. digitization magic
build
image layout
images OCR metadata digital objects
processing analysis
objects
• perform optical character recognition (OCR)
• calculate word and character coordinates
• calculate word and character confidences
• apply language dictionaries
• correct OCR text (optional)
Tuesday, August 21, 12
43. digitization magic
build
image layout
images OCR metadata digital objects
processing analysis
objects
• create METS / ALTO XML files
• create image files and image metadata
• create PDF files (if required)
• verify digital object
• calculate file fixity checks (checksums)
• perform file validation and verification
• perform quality assurance
Tuesday, August 21, 12
44. real world
digitization
production
workflow
• automatic production steps
performed by software
• manual production steps
performed by operators
Tuesday, August 21, 12
45. newspaper digitization programs
around the world
National Library of Finland (http://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/)
British Newspaper Archives, British Library (http://www.bl.uk/welcome/
newspapers)
National Digital Newspaper Program, Library of Congress
(http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/)
National Library of New Zealand (http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/)
National Library of Australia, Australian Digital Newspapers Program
(http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper)
Koninklijke Bibliotheek, the Netherlands (http://kranten.kb.nl/)
Singapore National Library Board (http://newspapers.nl.sg/)
Bibliotheque nationale de France (http://gallica.bnf.fr/)
Europeana Newspapers Project, a collaboration of 17
organizations (http://www.europeana-newspapers.eu/)
National Library of Latvia (https://periodika.lndb.lv/)
Tuesday, August 21, 12
46. image references and recommendations
• Ian Bogus et al. Minimum Digitization Capture Recommendations (draft). The Association
for Library Collections and Technical Services. June 2012 (accessed 18 Aug, 2012 at http://
connect.ala.org/node/185648).
• Robert Buckley and Simon Tanner. JPEG 2000 as a Preservation and Access Format for
the Wellcome Trust Digital Library. Xerox Corporation and King’s College Digital
Consultancy for the Wellcome Trust Library. August 2009 (accessed 1 July 2012 at http://
library.wellcome.ac.uk/assets/wtx056572.pdf).
• Paolo Buonora and Franco Liberati. A Format for Digital Preservation of Images: A Study
on JPEG 2000 File Robustness. D-Lib Magazine. July/August 2008. (accessed 1 July 2012
at http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july08/buonora/07buonora.html).
• ANSI/NISO Z39.87-2006. Data Dictionary -- Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images.
National Information Standards Organization, Bethesda, Maryland USA. December 2006.
(accessed 1 August 2012 at http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/6502/
Data%20Dictionary%20-%20Technical%20Metadata%20for%20Digital%20Still
%20Images.pdf).
• JBIG Standard (accessed 1 August 2012 at http://www.jpeg.org/jbig).
• JPEG Standard (accessed 1 August 2012 at http://www.jpeg.org/jpeg).
• JPEG2000 Standard (accessed 1 August 2012 at http://www.jpeg.org/jpeg2000/).
• TIFF 6.0 Standard (accessed 1 August 2012 at http://partners.adobe.com/public/
developer/tiff).
• Many, many others....
Tuesday, August 21, 12
47. newspaper digitisation references
Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program
https://www.nla.gov.au/ndp/
Europeana Newspapers
http://www.europeana-newspapers.eu/
IFLA Newspapers Section
http://www.ifla.org/en/newspapers
IMPACT Centre of Competence
http://www.digitisation.eu/
Koninklijke Bibliotheek Historische Kranten (the
Netherlands) http://kranten.kb.nl/about
Library of Congress National Digital Newspaper Program
http://www.loc.gov/ndnp/
Tuesday, August 21, 12
48. Russian language periodicals
METS/ALTO XML with JPEG2000 images
http://bit.ly/russianperiodicals
Try crowdsourcing when you visit the
URL above!
Learn more about the software and crowdsourcing at http://www.dlconsulting.com.
Tuesday, August 21, 12
50. Part 2
Short and simple:
An overview of digital
preservation
Tuesday, August 21, 12
51. Preservation of software and preservation of data are two sides of
the same coin. From February 2011 Workshop for Digital Curators.
digital preservation
Tuesday, August 21, 12
52. preservation
Open Archival Information System
(OAIS) reference model
Tuesday, August 21, 12