This document summarizes the development of sustainability standards for biomass production in the Netherlands. It discusses the establishment of the NTA 8080 standard, which defines sustainability criteria for biomass including greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity, and social impacts. It also discusses the NTA 8081 certification scheme that provides rules for third-party certification against the NTA 8080 standard. Considerations for smallholder farmers are addressed through potential exemptions from requirements or group certification. The standards aim to facilitate a certification system for sustainable biomass that is in line with European renewable energy directives.
20100525 Certification sustainable biomassa NTA 8080-81Jarno Dakhorst
This document summarizes a presentation on certification of sustainably produced biomass according to the Dutch standards NTA 8080 and NTA 8081. It provides background on the establishment of sustainability criteria and a certification system for biomass in the Netherlands. NTA 8080 defines sustainability requirements for greenhouse gas emissions, carbon stocks, biodiversity, and other environmental and social impacts. NTA 8081 establishes a certification scheme to verify compliance. An outlook discusses harmonizing the standards at the European and international level through CEN and ISO.
20120924 Practical implementation of international sustainability criteria fo...Jarno Dakhorst
This document provides an overview of sustainability criteria for solid biomass. It discusses the development of international sustainability standards, including the Renewable Energy Directive, EU recommendations, and schemes like FLEGT. Certification is presented as a way to ensure compliance with regulatory and market requirements. Factors to consider in selecting a certification scheme include technical feasibility, costs, credibility, and track record. International standardization occurs at national, European and international levels.
The document discusses the NTA 8080 certification system for sustainable biomass in the Netherlands. It provides an overview of the system, including the sustainability criteria addressed (greenhouse gas balance, carbon stocks, biodiversity, etc.), the certification process, and developments at the European and international level regarding sustainability standards for solid and gaseous biomass. The certification system was developed through a multi-stakeholder process to provide a framework for certifying that biomass has been produced and supplied sustainably. European directives and standards bodies are also working on sustainability criteria and schemes that could harmonize requirements across countries in the future.
This document analyzes opportunities and threats facing the beer industry in Canada. It identifies several threats including increasing wine sales, decreasing overall alcohol consumption, and demographic shifts where older consumers prefer wine and younger consumers are drinking less due to health concerns. Opportunities include the growth of craft beer sales taking market share from large brewers, expanded retail access through new grocery store sales, and the large demographic of younger consumers open to trying new craft beers. The document also examines opportunities and threats from various socio-cultural, economic, technological, and regulatory factors impacting the Canadian beer market.
20151208 Hydrocarbon training Cyprus - Stakeholders sessionJarno Dakhorst
The document discusses regulations related to offshore gas operations in the Netherlands. It provides an overview of the Dutch hydrocarbon sector and key stakeholders, including various governmental bodies that regulate exploration and production activities. It describes the legal framework for natural gas exploration and production under the Mining Act and related legislation. Regulations aim to ensure safety, environmental protection, and proper execution of offshore activities.
Every CA students must have basic knowledge about Auditing, when they will observes and first time face external audit in a business firm. This slide should give basic idea about auditing when a person fully read it.
Nilesh Bhagchandani,Project on Visual Basic Programming,Final Year BCA ,Dezyn...dezyneecole
The document describes an ATM application created by Nilesh Bhagchandani for his college project. The application allows users to perform banking operations through an ATM interface, including cash deposit, withdrawal, transfers, account information, and creating new accounts. Nilesh developed the application at Dezyne E'cole College and thanks his mentor Tarun Sharma for assistance. The application is meant to be easy for users to perform common ATM functions through a graphical user interface.
Naveen Jain has over 5 years of experience in internal audit and finance roles. He has a Chartered Accountant certification from ICAI, a Company Secretary certification from ICSI, and a B.com degree. Currently he works as an Assistant Manager of Internal Audit at HEG Ltd, a graphite electrode manufacturer, where he conducts risk-based internal audits, analyzes inventories, ensures statutory compliance, and more. Previously he worked as a Senior Associate at a chartered accountancy firm and gained experience in statutory audits, internal audits, and assurance engagements for various companies. He has strengths in analytical skills, learning new skills, and maintaining interpersonal relationships.
20100525 Certification sustainable biomassa NTA 8080-81Jarno Dakhorst
This document summarizes a presentation on certification of sustainably produced biomass according to the Dutch standards NTA 8080 and NTA 8081. It provides background on the establishment of sustainability criteria and a certification system for biomass in the Netherlands. NTA 8080 defines sustainability requirements for greenhouse gas emissions, carbon stocks, biodiversity, and other environmental and social impacts. NTA 8081 establishes a certification scheme to verify compliance. An outlook discusses harmonizing the standards at the European and international level through CEN and ISO.
20120924 Practical implementation of international sustainability criteria fo...Jarno Dakhorst
This document provides an overview of sustainability criteria for solid biomass. It discusses the development of international sustainability standards, including the Renewable Energy Directive, EU recommendations, and schemes like FLEGT. Certification is presented as a way to ensure compliance with regulatory and market requirements. Factors to consider in selecting a certification scheme include technical feasibility, costs, credibility, and track record. International standardization occurs at national, European and international levels.
The document discusses the NTA 8080 certification system for sustainable biomass in the Netherlands. It provides an overview of the system, including the sustainability criteria addressed (greenhouse gas balance, carbon stocks, biodiversity, etc.), the certification process, and developments at the European and international level regarding sustainability standards for solid and gaseous biomass. The certification system was developed through a multi-stakeholder process to provide a framework for certifying that biomass has been produced and supplied sustainably. European directives and standards bodies are also working on sustainability criteria and schemes that could harmonize requirements across countries in the future.
This document analyzes opportunities and threats facing the beer industry in Canada. It identifies several threats including increasing wine sales, decreasing overall alcohol consumption, and demographic shifts where older consumers prefer wine and younger consumers are drinking less due to health concerns. Opportunities include the growth of craft beer sales taking market share from large brewers, expanded retail access through new grocery store sales, and the large demographic of younger consumers open to trying new craft beers. The document also examines opportunities and threats from various socio-cultural, economic, technological, and regulatory factors impacting the Canadian beer market.
20151208 Hydrocarbon training Cyprus - Stakeholders sessionJarno Dakhorst
The document discusses regulations related to offshore gas operations in the Netherlands. It provides an overview of the Dutch hydrocarbon sector and key stakeholders, including various governmental bodies that regulate exploration and production activities. It describes the legal framework for natural gas exploration and production under the Mining Act and related legislation. Regulations aim to ensure safety, environmental protection, and proper execution of offshore activities.
Every CA students must have basic knowledge about Auditing, when they will observes and first time face external audit in a business firm. This slide should give basic idea about auditing when a person fully read it.
Nilesh Bhagchandani,Project on Visual Basic Programming,Final Year BCA ,Dezyn...dezyneecole
The document describes an ATM application created by Nilesh Bhagchandani for his college project. The application allows users to perform banking operations through an ATM interface, including cash deposit, withdrawal, transfers, account information, and creating new accounts. Nilesh developed the application at Dezyne E'cole College and thanks his mentor Tarun Sharma for assistance. The application is meant to be easy for users to perform common ATM functions through a graphical user interface.
Naveen Jain has over 5 years of experience in internal audit and finance roles. He has a Chartered Accountant certification from ICAI, a Company Secretary certification from ICSI, and a B.com degree. Currently he works as an Assistant Manager of Internal Audit at HEG Ltd, a graphite electrode manufacturer, where he conducts risk-based internal audits, analyzes inventories, ensures statutory compliance, and more. Previously he worked as a Senior Associate at a chartered accountancy firm and gained experience in statutory audits, internal audits, and assurance engagements for various companies. He has strengths in analytical skills, learning new skills, and maintaining interpersonal relationships.
METODOLOGÍAS AGILES: CONCEPTO - CARACTERISTICAS PRINCIPALES - VENTAJAS SOBRE LAS METODOLOGÍAS TRADICIONALES - CICLO DE VIDA - PRINCIPALES METODOLOGÍAS AGILES
Krati Taksali, BCA Final Year ,Dezyne E'cole Collegedezyneecole
Student of Dezyne E'cole College ,doing her Degree Programme in Bachelors Degree in Computer Application. .Along with the Degree programme the student is also updating her industry required skills of IT through the regular work sessions taken during the 365 days of study at college. .This is a work showcase of the work of this student after Two year of her study of Bachelors Degree in Computer Application.
www.dezyneecole.com
A Argentina é o segundo maior país da América do Sul, dividido em cinco regiões naturais. A população é de 40 milhões, concentrada principalmente na região dos Pampas. O país tem uma economia diversificada, com destaque para a agricultura e pecuária.
El documento describe la geología, sismicidad y trabajos de campo realizados en el sitio, incluyendo un sondeo y dos pozos. Se presentan las características estratigráficas del suelo, que consiste principalmente en arcilla lacustre. Se recomienda una cimentación rígida aprovechando la estructura de los sótanos. El análisis incluye estabilidad de taludes, asentamientos, y presiones a largo plazo sobre los muros.
These are the slides from a presentation I gave at the 2016 Polyglot Gathering in Berlin on how to create a Polyglot Community in your local area. There will be a video on YouTube of the presentation, and when it is posted I will link to it from here.
Las Segundas Vanguardias surgen después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, cuando Europa entra en crisis cultural y Nueva York se convierte en la capital mundial del arte. Este movimiento incluye tendencias como el Informalista, Expresionismo Abstracto Americano y Arte Póvera, caracterizados por el uso de la pintura de manera impulsiva y el énfasis en el gesto. Artistas representativos incluyen a Jean Dubuffet, Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning y Antoni Tapiés.
La leucemia es una enfermedad neoplásica del sistema hematopoyético caracterizada por la proliferación anormal de células sanguíneas. Se clasifica según la población afectada (mieloide, linfoide) y gravedad (aguda, crónica). Los síntomas incluyen anemia, sangrado, infecciones y dolor óseo. No tiene una causa única, pero se relaciona con mutaciones genéticas y exposición a radiación o sustancias cancerígenas.
This document discusses reasons for men to wear saris and materials used in making sarified saris. It suggests that wearing saris can help men conserve Hindu culture, become a personal brand, and be appropriately dressed for professional occasions with Indian and international clients. The document also notes that art silk, chiffon, and lycra saris are suitable materials for men and that traditional sari making involves using silk yarns, art silk yarns, mud pots for dyeing, and equipment like fly shuttles, phirkis, bobbins, and charkas.
Este documento descreve duas formas de instalar plugins no WordPress para adicionar funcionalidades ao blog: 1) pesquisar e instalar diretamente no painel administrativo ou 2) baixar o plugin em outro site e fazer upload no blog. Os passos incluem pesquisar pelo nome do plugin, instalar, ativar e configurar, se necessário.
Les programmes européens H2020, ERA-NET, LIFE, INTERREG, …, sont autant d'opportunités pour la PME innovante, de faciliter son passage de la recherche au marché, d'étoffer sa gamme de produits, d'accéder aux réseaux des meilleurs experts mondiaux et de bénéficier de cofinancements importants, afin de renforcer son know-how et son positionnement.
Une conférence organisée par l'Interface Entreprises-Université de Liège, le 26 février 2016. Invité : NCP et Deloitte.
CHINA MARKET OUTLOOK: CHINA EUROPE WATER PLATFORM BUSINESS PROGRAMiQHub
The document summarizes a business and innovation program event focused on the China water market outlook. It provides an overview of the China Europe Water Platform, which promotes business cooperation and solutions for water challenges. The event agenda covered major Chinese water policy drivers like Five Year Plans, market and technology opportunities, barriers to entering the market, and recommendations around applying best available technologies, ensuring customized solutions, and framework conditions for utilities. The document analyzed the large and growing Chinese water treatment market and opportunities in areas like wastewater, sludge treatment, and sponge cities initiatives.
4.3 S. Kerr, guiding principles from producer perspectiveOECD Environment
This document summarizes Shelagh Kerr's presentation on guiding principles for successful extended producer responsibility (EPR) programs. Some key points include:
1. Successful EPR programs have clear policy objectives set by governments and targets for material collection/recovery set in consultation with producers. Producers are responsible for meeting targets.
2. Harmonization of materials collected nationally and avoidance of cross-subsidies between product categories improves program efficiencies.
3. Transparency, competitive markets, accountability of service providers, and enforcement of a level playing field for all producers are important characteristics.
4. Industry should lead program design and determine financing while governments provide oversight, standards, and compliance/enforcement.
SAP Sapphire 2019: WEEE- SAP Recycling AdministrationVedant Borse
This document summarizes a presentation on the WEEE Directive for electrical waste compliance in Europe. The new directive expands the scope of covered products and replaces the 10 categories with 6 new categories effective August 2018. It will require producers to correctly classify their electrical products and report them to compliance schemes in European countries. SAP REA (Recycling Administration) was presented as a software solution to help companies like Agilent Technologies comply with the new directive through an integrated SAP system for recycling declarations, fee calculation, and reporting across regulations globally. Benefits of SAP REA include single system for WEEE declarations, master data management for regulations, and addressing multiple recycling compliance schemes.
This document discusses harnessing market forces for environmental protection through market-based instruments (MBIs). It outlines analytical frameworks for environmental problems, taxonomy of policy instruments, and examples of MBIs used internationally and in India. While India relies heavily on command-and-control measures, the document argues MBIs could address weaknesses in monitoring and enforcement under the current system. Designing policies that place an economic value on pollution and allow flexibility in compliance through emissions trading or taxes could incentivize firms to reduce pollution at lower cost than uniform standards.
This webinar presents and discusses the draft revised requirement for standard setting, which have been modified as part of PEFC's Standards Revision process.
The document discusses how policies and interventions can impact the development of energy-from-waste (EfW) globally. It describes some of the key drivers for EfW including landfill restrictions and incentives for renewable energy. Barriers include low energy/disposal costs requiring direct policy support and financing challenges. The document outlines various regulatory, economic and support policies countries have implemented like landfill bans, tariffs for renewable energy, and demonstrator programs. An example from the UK describes a landfill allowance trading scheme that successfully reduced biodegradable waste landfilling.
20120926 Supply of certification services from NLJarno Dakhorst
This document discusses certification services for biomass from the Netherlands to Ukraine. It outlines how the Netherlands needs to import biomass to meet renewable energy targets and companies look for quality and sustainability certification. Conformity assessment is presented as a way to demonstrate compliance with these requirements. Specific certification schemes for biomass quality and sustainability are mentioned, such as ENplus and NTA 8080. Standardization activities at European and international levels are also summarized. Experiences with biomass certification in the Netherlands are shared, and opportunities for Ukraine around pilot projects and training certification bodies are discussed.
METODOLOGÍAS AGILES: CONCEPTO - CARACTERISTICAS PRINCIPALES - VENTAJAS SOBRE LAS METODOLOGÍAS TRADICIONALES - CICLO DE VIDA - PRINCIPALES METODOLOGÍAS AGILES
Krati Taksali, BCA Final Year ,Dezyne E'cole Collegedezyneecole
Student of Dezyne E'cole College ,doing her Degree Programme in Bachelors Degree in Computer Application. .Along with the Degree programme the student is also updating her industry required skills of IT through the regular work sessions taken during the 365 days of study at college. .This is a work showcase of the work of this student after Two year of her study of Bachelors Degree in Computer Application.
www.dezyneecole.com
A Argentina é o segundo maior país da América do Sul, dividido em cinco regiões naturais. A população é de 40 milhões, concentrada principalmente na região dos Pampas. O país tem uma economia diversificada, com destaque para a agricultura e pecuária.
El documento describe la geología, sismicidad y trabajos de campo realizados en el sitio, incluyendo un sondeo y dos pozos. Se presentan las características estratigráficas del suelo, que consiste principalmente en arcilla lacustre. Se recomienda una cimentación rígida aprovechando la estructura de los sótanos. El análisis incluye estabilidad de taludes, asentamientos, y presiones a largo plazo sobre los muros.
These are the slides from a presentation I gave at the 2016 Polyglot Gathering in Berlin on how to create a Polyglot Community in your local area. There will be a video on YouTube of the presentation, and when it is posted I will link to it from here.
Las Segundas Vanguardias surgen después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, cuando Europa entra en crisis cultural y Nueva York se convierte en la capital mundial del arte. Este movimiento incluye tendencias como el Informalista, Expresionismo Abstracto Americano y Arte Póvera, caracterizados por el uso de la pintura de manera impulsiva y el énfasis en el gesto. Artistas representativos incluyen a Jean Dubuffet, Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning y Antoni Tapiés.
La leucemia es una enfermedad neoplásica del sistema hematopoyético caracterizada por la proliferación anormal de células sanguíneas. Se clasifica según la población afectada (mieloide, linfoide) y gravedad (aguda, crónica). Los síntomas incluyen anemia, sangrado, infecciones y dolor óseo. No tiene una causa única, pero se relaciona con mutaciones genéticas y exposición a radiación o sustancias cancerígenas.
This document discusses reasons for men to wear saris and materials used in making sarified saris. It suggests that wearing saris can help men conserve Hindu culture, become a personal brand, and be appropriately dressed for professional occasions with Indian and international clients. The document also notes that art silk, chiffon, and lycra saris are suitable materials for men and that traditional sari making involves using silk yarns, art silk yarns, mud pots for dyeing, and equipment like fly shuttles, phirkis, bobbins, and charkas.
Este documento descreve duas formas de instalar plugins no WordPress para adicionar funcionalidades ao blog: 1) pesquisar e instalar diretamente no painel administrativo ou 2) baixar o plugin em outro site e fazer upload no blog. Os passos incluem pesquisar pelo nome do plugin, instalar, ativar e configurar, se necessário.
Les programmes européens H2020, ERA-NET, LIFE, INTERREG, …, sont autant d'opportunités pour la PME innovante, de faciliter son passage de la recherche au marché, d'étoffer sa gamme de produits, d'accéder aux réseaux des meilleurs experts mondiaux et de bénéficier de cofinancements importants, afin de renforcer son know-how et son positionnement.
Une conférence organisée par l'Interface Entreprises-Université de Liège, le 26 février 2016. Invité : NCP et Deloitte.
CHINA MARKET OUTLOOK: CHINA EUROPE WATER PLATFORM BUSINESS PROGRAMiQHub
The document summarizes a business and innovation program event focused on the China water market outlook. It provides an overview of the China Europe Water Platform, which promotes business cooperation and solutions for water challenges. The event agenda covered major Chinese water policy drivers like Five Year Plans, market and technology opportunities, barriers to entering the market, and recommendations around applying best available technologies, ensuring customized solutions, and framework conditions for utilities. The document analyzed the large and growing Chinese water treatment market and opportunities in areas like wastewater, sludge treatment, and sponge cities initiatives.
4.3 S. Kerr, guiding principles from producer perspectiveOECD Environment
This document summarizes Shelagh Kerr's presentation on guiding principles for successful extended producer responsibility (EPR) programs. Some key points include:
1. Successful EPR programs have clear policy objectives set by governments and targets for material collection/recovery set in consultation with producers. Producers are responsible for meeting targets.
2. Harmonization of materials collected nationally and avoidance of cross-subsidies between product categories improves program efficiencies.
3. Transparency, competitive markets, accountability of service providers, and enforcement of a level playing field for all producers are important characteristics.
4. Industry should lead program design and determine financing while governments provide oversight, standards, and compliance/enforcement.
SAP Sapphire 2019: WEEE- SAP Recycling AdministrationVedant Borse
This document summarizes a presentation on the WEEE Directive for electrical waste compliance in Europe. The new directive expands the scope of covered products and replaces the 10 categories with 6 new categories effective August 2018. It will require producers to correctly classify their electrical products and report them to compliance schemes in European countries. SAP REA (Recycling Administration) was presented as a software solution to help companies like Agilent Technologies comply with the new directive through an integrated SAP system for recycling declarations, fee calculation, and reporting across regulations globally. Benefits of SAP REA include single system for WEEE declarations, master data management for regulations, and addressing multiple recycling compliance schemes.
This document discusses harnessing market forces for environmental protection through market-based instruments (MBIs). It outlines analytical frameworks for environmental problems, taxonomy of policy instruments, and examples of MBIs used internationally and in India. While India relies heavily on command-and-control measures, the document argues MBIs could address weaknesses in monitoring and enforcement under the current system. Designing policies that place an economic value on pollution and allow flexibility in compliance through emissions trading or taxes could incentivize firms to reduce pollution at lower cost than uniform standards.
This webinar presents and discusses the draft revised requirement for standard setting, which have been modified as part of PEFC's Standards Revision process.
The document discusses how policies and interventions can impact the development of energy-from-waste (EfW) globally. It describes some of the key drivers for EfW including landfill restrictions and incentives for renewable energy. Barriers include low energy/disposal costs requiring direct policy support and financing challenges. The document outlines various regulatory, economic and support policies countries have implemented like landfill bans, tariffs for renewable energy, and demonstrator programs. An example from the UK describes a landfill allowance trading scheme that successfully reduced biodegradable waste landfilling.
20120926 Supply of certification services from NLJarno Dakhorst
This document discusses certification services for biomass from the Netherlands to Ukraine. It outlines how the Netherlands needs to import biomass to meet renewable energy targets and companies look for quality and sustainability certification. Conformity assessment is presented as a way to demonstrate compliance with these requirements. Specific certification schemes for biomass quality and sustainability are mentioned, such as ENplus and NTA 8080. Standardization activities at European and international levels are also summarized. Experiences with biomass certification in the Netherlands are shared, and opportunities for Ukraine around pilot projects and training certification bodies are discussed.
The document summarizes a workshop on demonstrating sustainability of biomass in bio-based products. It provides an overview of the Better Biomass certification system, including its sustainability criteria, certification process, and links to European and global sustainability standards. It also describes Eneco Bio Golden Raand, a project that generates sustainable electricity from residue wood in accordance with Better Biomass criteria.
20101013 Biomass congress Sustainability criteria for biomassJarno Dakhorst
This document summarizes the development of sustainability criteria for bioenergy at the European, international, and Dutch level. At the European level, the Renewable Energy Directive established criteria for biofuels including minimum greenhouse gas emission savings and restrictions on sourcing from areas with high biodiversity or carbon stock. European standards are also being developed based on these criteria. Internationally, an ISO technical committee is developing sustainability criteria for bioenergy production, supply chains, and applications. The Dutch approach established sustainability requirements and a certification system through voluntary standards and a scheme to certify sustainably produced biomass.
The document summarizes the GREENFOODS project which aims to improve energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions in the European food and drinks industry. It involved partners from 5 European countries conducting 204 energy audits across 6 food subsectors. The audits identified energy savings potentials of 11-19% across subsectors which could save 145,000 tonnes of CO2 emissions annually. The project also developed tools to analyze food production processes and identify energy efficiency opportunities, including a Branch Concept tool and WikiWeb knowledge sharing platform. It highlights lessons learned around barriers to energy efficiency implementation in the food industry.
The document discusses the Common Technical Document (CTD) format and electronic CTD (eCTD) format for registration dossier submissions. It provides background on the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and its role in harmonizing technical requirements for drug registration. The key points covered are:
1) The CTD format was created by ICH to provide a standardized common format for drug registration submissions across regions/countries.
2) The eCTD specification was later developed as the electronic equivalent of CTD to streamline the submission and review process.
3) Benefits of eCTD include improved handling of submissions, better information management, and increased efficiency of the evaluation and review process.
This document discusses UNIDO's work on refrigeration and compliance with the Montreal Protocol. It summarizes that:
1) UNIDO assists developing countries comply with the Montreal Protocol through HCFC phase-out plans and projects worth $250 million in 78 countries.
2) Attention has expanded to greenhouse gases like HFCs which have high global warming potential and are rapidly increasing with air conditioning/refrigeration growth.
3) UNIDO is working on demonstration projects to introduce low-GWP alternatives through training, improved supply chains, and raising awareness, and has piloted natural refrigerant projects in Vietnam cold stores.
The document summarizes key findings from two studies on fiscal policies and tools to stimulate a circular economy. It finds that existing instruments provide some support for reverse logistics and enabling factors, but have low coverage of innovative business models and specificity to circular economy conditions. It recommends both modifying existing instruments and introducing new ones, such as funds, grants and loans to support infrastructure development for processing biological nutrients. Potential new instruments discussed include product levies, reduced VAT for circular products, and linking levies to funds to support the circular economy.
This document discusses the challenges and opportunities for phasing out HCFCs under the Montreal Protocol. It provides an overview of UNEP's activities to assist countries in achieving HCFC phase-outs, including developing HCFC Phase-out Management Plans. Several challenges are identified, such as selecting technologies that minimize environmental impacts and addressing high ambient temperature conditions. The document also discusses ongoing discussions around addressing HFCs and their contribution to climate change.
Flexibility Instruments of the Kyoto Protocol Pallav Purohit
The document summarizes the Kyoto Protocol's flexibility mechanisms, including the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). It outlines emissions targets for countries, describes how the CDM works to generate carbon credits from emissions reduction projects in developing countries, and reviews CDM project statistics. Over 3000 CDM projects have been proposed, with over 2.7 billion credits expected. Registered projects have generated over 188 million credits so far. The CDM aims to lower compliance costs and drive sustainable development, but has also faced criticisms around additionality and effects on national strategies.
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Worldwide plastics strategies are developed aiming at plastic waste prevention and contributing to the circular (bio)economy. The production and use of bioplastics fits perfectly in these developments. One important aspect is the bio-based content of products. At the 11th EUBP Conference in 2016, the Bio-based content certification scheme was launched. This presentation provides an overview of experiences from the early-adopters of bio-based content certification. In addition, the latest amendments to the scheme are included, responding to market needs. The presentation concludes with recommendations on how transparent and credible bio-based content claims can support the implementation of the (bio)plastics strategy.
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20161006 Sustainable sourcing of biomass for bio-based materials - CEPE confe...Jarno Dakhorst
The document discusses sustainability standards for bio-based products and biomass. It outlines standards like EN 16751 that set sustainability criteria for bio-based products, and NTA 8080 that establishes requirements for sustainably produced biomass. It also discusses EN 16785-1, which specifies a method for determining the bio-based content of products using radiocarbon analysis and elemental analysis. The document emphasizes that standards help overcome trade barriers and provide sustainability frameworks and traceability in complex biomass supply chains.
20161006 Sustainable sourcing of biomass for bio-based materials - CEPE confe...
20100506 EBC Towards a global certification system for biomass
1. Towards a global system for certified sustainably
produced biomass for energy applications
Jarno Dakhorst1, Harold Pauwels1, Ortwin Costenoble1, Michiel Roks2
18th European Biomass Conference, Lyon, 6 May 2010
1
NEN – Netherlands Standardization Institute
2
TU/e – Technical University Eindhoven
2. Background (1)
• Biomass from green revolution to hot issue
• Establishment project group in 2006 by Dutch
government addressing sustainability
• Final report 'Testing framework for sustainable biomass'
in 2007 with sustainability criteria on:
– greenhouse gases (emissions and carbon stocks)
– competition with food or other local applications
– biodiversity
– environment (soil, water and air)
– prosperity
– social well-being
3. Background (2)
• Establishment BIOPEC consortium in 2007 aiming at
certification system for sustainable biomass
• Certification system requires:
– document with requirements for sustainable biomass production
and chain of custody => NTA 8080
– scheme with rules for certification => NTA 8081
• NEN facilitates process to develop and manage
certification system
– standard is voluntary agreement on product, process or service
– principles: all parties concerned, transparency, consensus
– NEN is not a certification body, so independent and neutral
4. NTA 8080Sustainability criteria for biomass for energy
purposes (1)
• Developed by broadly composed working group =>
25 organizations from industry, NGOs and government
• Translation of criteria from 'Testing framework for
sustainable biomass' in verifiable requirements
• Developed in timeframe of 8 months
• Requirements apply to primary biomass producers
except for greenhouse gas balance (entire supply chain)
• Residues => list of exceptions (based on NTA 8003)
• Small-holders => some exemptions or group certification
5. NTA 8080 Sustainability criteria for biomass for energy
purposes (2)
• Inclusion of consultation of stakeholders (by both
producers and certification bodies)
• Based on continuous improvement (PDCA cycle)
• Chain of custody => all models possible
• Reference date new production units 1 January 2007
• Available in Dutch and English
6. NTA 8080 sustainability criteria (1)
Principle Requirement
Greenhouse
gas balance
Emission savings compared with fossil reference:
• 70% for power & heat, ref. coal-fired installations;
innovative technologies 50%
• 50% for power & heat, ref. gas-fired installations
• 60% for biogas
• 50% for biofuels; 35% for some biofuels till 2012
Carbon stocks For new production units:
• exclusion of areas with high above-ground carbon
stocks
• exclusion of areas with high risk of significant
carbon losses from the soil
• carbon losses shall be compensated within ten
years
7. NTA 8080 sustainability criteria (2)
Principle Requirement
Competition
with food and
other local
applications
Reporting of information, if available, about:
• land use changes
• changes in land and food prices
• availability of biomass for food, energy supply,
construction materials, medicines, etc.
Biodiversity For new production units:
• exclusion of gazetted protected areas and high
conservation value areas incl. 5 km zone around
=> under some conditions not excluded
• 10% of functional area covered with original
vegetation
8. NTA 8080 sustainability criteria (3)
Principle Requirement
Biodiversity
(continued)
For all production units:
• compliance with national and local relevant
legislation
• measures to conserve, recover and strengthen
biodiversity
Soil quality • compliance with national or local relevant
legislation
• measures to preserve and improve soil quality
• conditions for use of residues
Water quality • compliance with national or local relevant
legislation
• measures to preserve and improve water quality
• no use of non-renewable water sources
9. NTA 8080 sustainability criteria (4)
Principle Requirement
Air quality • compliance with national or local relevant
legislation
• measures to preserve and improve air quality
• no burning during constructionand operation;
under conditions possible
Prosperity • measures to involve local population (also in
management) and contribute to local economy
Social well-
being
• practices and measures to:
– provide good working conditions
– respect human rights
– respect property rights
– contribute to local social well-being
– prevent corruption and improve integrity
10. NTA 8080 chain of custody
Segregation
Book & claim
Mass balance
(required by RED)
11. NTA 8081 Certification scheme for sustainably
produced biomass for energy purposes (1)
• Developed by broadly composed committee of experts =>
25 organizations from industry, NGOs and government
• Developed and validated in timeframe of 12 months
• Validation by (inter)national projects (pilots)
• Pilots resulted in first interpretation document NTA 8080
• Chain of custody => elaboration of mass balance
• Ready to use, formal publication after acknowledgement
by Dutch Accreditation Council
• To be assessed by EC as tool to prove RED compliance
• Available in Dutch and English
12. NTA 8081 Certification scheme for sustainably
produced biomass for energy purposes (2)
• Certification scheme describes:
– scope of scheme
– requirements for certification bodies and auditor(s)
– audit effort in man-days
– method of conformity assessment
– assessment frequency and validity of certificate
– 'minor' & 'major' non-conformities and way to deal with
– conditions and requirements for group certification
– necessary information for register and report
– way of complaints, objection, appeal, suspension and de-
registration
14. Certification system
Documents and tools:
– NTA 8080
– NTA 8081
– interpretationdocuments
– central register*
– flow charts on procedures
– system plans*
– web portal www.nta8080.org or
www.sustainable-biomass.org
– …
* in development
15. Small-holders definition (1)
Characteristics Description
Physical farm size Maximum size differs from 2 to 100 hectares
Financial farm size Various indicators:
minimum 50% of income
maximum income USD 5.000
below average income of village
maximum annual turnover and/or balance sheet
EUR 10 million
maximum USD 100.000 sales and income under
poverty level or half country median
• Challenge: How to define a small-holder?
• Wide variety of definitions:
16. Small-holders definition (2)
Characteristics Description
Labour
composition
Various indicators:
minimum from 50% to 100% of family (or family
based)
less than 50 employees
Resources Various indicators:
low-tech production system
limited capacity of storage/ processing
capital, assets and infrastructure require
collective marketing
limited endowment relative to other farmers in
sector
low asset base
17. Small-holders importance
• About 2 billion small-holders (UNIDO)
– in least developed countries over 70% of population derive their
livelihoods from agricultural sector and/or small-holder enterprises
• Small-holders are often poor, but present possibilities for
development
– biomass is often claimed to be useful in increasing income,
improving livelihoods and alleviating poverty
• Small-holders efficient and environmentally friendly
– limited economies of scale in agriculture; small-holders increase
yields by polycultures
– preserving countryside, reducing soil erosion, positively effecting
biodiversity, organic fertilizers, no pesticides, etc.
18. Small-holders certification (1)
• Concerns small-holders involvement in certification
based on their characteristics:
– small => limited voice and bargaining power
– often poor => inability and riskiness of investments
– informal => impossibilities in demonstrating compliance and
adopting necessary management systems
• These three factors also present specifically in
certification schemes:
– not always considered in initial formulation
– unable to adopt management requirements and demonstrate
compliance
– faced with high certification costs
19. Small-holders certification (2)
Pathways to involve small-holders:
• Releasing from or simplifying requirements
– in NTA 8080: releasing from requirements related to consultation
of stakeholders, prosperity, working conditions, contribution to
social well-being of local population and integrity and simplifying
requirements related to general documentation
• Group certification
– in NTA 8080: small-holders may organize themselves as a group
(being an independent legal entity) => group will be audited as
well as a sample of group members
• No disproportionate benefits should be created
20. Outlook
Standardization developments:
• CEN/TC 383
– dedicated standards related to RED (at this moment)
– publication in May 2012 and adoption by all CEN members
– NTA 8080 shall be reviewed and revised
• ISO/PC 248
– one standard covering similar scope as NTA 8080
– publication in May 2014, might be adopted by NL
– if adopted, NTA 8080 will be superfluous (certification scheme not)
• Overview of best practices small-holders involvement
21. Acknowledgments
• All parties who contributed to NTA 8080 and NTA 8081:
Agriculture & Horticulture
Organization (LTO)
BioShape
Bosschap
Committee Board for
Agriculture
Control Union
Dutch Association for
Petrochemical Industry
(VNPI)
Dutch Forestry
Commission
ECN
Ecolabel Foundation
(SMK)
Electrabel
Eneco
Energy Pellets Moerdijk
Essent
Gasunie
IUCN-NL
KEMA Consultancy
KEMA Quality
Kiwa
Ministry of Economic
Affairs
Ministry of Environment
NAK Agro
Nature & Environment
Foundation
NL Agency
Nuon
Oxfam Novib
Quality Services
Rotterdam Climate
Initiative
SGS
Shell
University Leiden
www.nta8080.org | nta8080@nen.nl | +31-15-2690326