Friedrich A. von Hayek is the first person to be presented in our series of lectures on liberal thinkers. This is a short handout along with the presenation (see above).
Questionnaire of the 2nd study period (1968- 1989)eftihia67
The document is a questionnaire from March 2016 containing 25 multiple choice questions about European history between 1945-2015. The questions cover a wide range of topics including major treaties, political and cultural figures, scientific discoveries, sporting events, and political upheavals during this time period in Europe.
Questionnaire of the 3rd study period (1989-2015)eftihia67
This document is a 20 question multiple choice quiz about European history from 1945 to 2015. The questions cover topics like the Gulf War, the Maastricht Treaty, the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, the introduction of the Euro currency, the siege of Sarajevo during the Bosnian war, recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Greek victory at the UEFA Euro 2004 tournament, the Srebrenica massacre during the Bosnian war, key EU treaties, naval disasters in Greece, films about the Holocaust, the 2014 crisis in Ukraine, host cities of the Summer Olympics, notable figures who died in 1990, the first female German chancellor, the breakup of Yugoslavia, cloning experiments, and major wild
The document provides summaries of several events from 1970 to 1988 related to art, architecture, music, film, and literature. Some of the events summarized include the breakup of the Beatles in 1970, Mikhail Baryshnikov's defection from the Soviet Union to the US in 1974, the opening of the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris in 1977, and Pedro Almodóvar's film "Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown" in 1988. The document consists of short summaries of various cultural and artistic milestones from this period.
Paul-Henri Spaak was a Belgian statesman born in 1899. He held numerous high-level political roles including Prime Minister of Belgium, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Secretary General of NATO. Spaak played a key role in the creation and development of the European Union, notably as the chairman of the committee that produced the Spaak Report which laid the foundation for the European Economic Community. He was also instrumental in establishing the institutions of the European Union and NATO, earning him recognition as one of the founding fathers of the European Union.
Britain entered World War 2 in 1939 after Germany invaded Poland. While the British were able to evacuate over 338,000 troops from Dunkirk in 1940, they lost valuable equipment. Germany then invaded France and soon controlled much of Western Europe. The Battle of Britain in 1940 was a major turning point as the British Royal Air Force defeated the German Luftwaffe, preventing invasion. Fighting also occurred in North Africa between British and German forces. By late 1942, the tide began to turn as the Soviets defeated Germany at Stalingrad and the Allies invaded Italy. On D-Day in 1944, Allied forces invaded Normandy and advanced towards Germany. The war ended in 1945 after the Allies invaded Germany from both east and west and dropped
The Holocaust was the systematic murder of approximately 6 million European Jews and millions of others by the Nazis and their collaborators during World War II. Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany established camps to imprison and kill Jews and other victims. Jews were forced into ghettos and extermination camps where most were killed through mass shootings, gas chambers, starvation, disease and extreme labor. Nazi doctors also performed deadly medical experiments on prisoners. The Holocaust led to widespread destruction of Jewish communities and losses that are still impacting victims and their descendants today.
The invasion of Italy was the first Allied offensive into Europe during World War 2. In July 1943, Operation Husky saw nearly 500,000 Allied troops land in Sicily over three days. By July 25th, Mussolini had been removed from power and ordered Italian troops to withdraw from Sicily. After taking Sicily, Allied forces moved from the seas to Italy's mainland in continued fighting. The battle of Monte Cassino was the longest battle in the invasion, with Allied troops not taking control until May 1944 after heavy fighting against German resistance. In April 1945, Mussolini was captured and executed by Italian partisans, with his body publicly humiliated and displayed in Milan.
World War II began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. The war soon spread beyond Europe to involve countries in Asia and Africa as well. The US entered the war in 1941 after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. Over 35 million lives were lost before Germany surrendered in 1945, bringing the war to an end. Adolf Hitler led Nazi Germany and attempted to exterminate the Jewish people in the Holocaust.
Questionnaire of the 2nd study period (1968- 1989)eftihia67
The document is a questionnaire from March 2016 containing 25 multiple choice questions about European history between 1945-2015. The questions cover a wide range of topics including major treaties, political and cultural figures, scientific discoveries, sporting events, and political upheavals during this time period in Europe.
Questionnaire of the 3rd study period (1989-2015)eftihia67
This document is a 20 question multiple choice quiz about European history from 1945 to 2015. The questions cover topics like the Gulf War, the Maastricht Treaty, the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, the introduction of the Euro currency, the siege of Sarajevo during the Bosnian war, recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Greek victory at the UEFA Euro 2004 tournament, the Srebrenica massacre during the Bosnian war, key EU treaties, naval disasters in Greece, films about the Holocaust, the 2014 crisis in Ukraine, host cities of the Summer Olympics, notable figures who died in 1990, the first female German chancellor, the breakup of Yugoslavia, cloning experiments, and major wild
The document provides summaries of several events from 1970 to 1988 related to art, architecture, music, film, and literature. Some of the events summarized include the breakup of the Beatles in 1970, Mikhail Baryshnikov's defection from the Soviet Union to the US in 1974, the opening of the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris in 1977, and Pedro Almodóvar's film "Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown" in 1988. The document consists of short summaries of various cultural and artistic milestones from this period.
Paul-Henri Spaak was a Belgian statesman born in 1899. He held numerous high-level political roles including Prime Minister of Belgium, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Secretary General of NATO. Spaak played a key role in the creation and development of the European Union, notably as the chairman of the committee that produced the Spaak Report which laid the foundation for the European Economic Community. He was also instrumental in establishing the institutions of the European Union and NATO, earning him recognition as one of the founding fathers of the European Union.
Britain entered World War 2 in 1939 after Germany invaded Poland. While the British were able to evacuate over 338,000 troops from Dunkirk in 1940, they lost valuable equipment. Germany then invaded France and soon controlled much of Western Europe. The Battle of Britain in 1940 was a major turning point as the British Royal Air Force defeated the German Luftwaffe, preventing invasion. Fighting also occurred in North Africa between British and German forces. By late 1942, the tide began to turn as the Soviets defeated Germany at Stalingrad and the Allies invaded Italy. On D-Day in 1944, Allied forces invaded Normandy and advanced towards Germany. The war ended in 1945 after the Allies invaded Germany from both east and west and dropped
The Holocaust was the systematic murder of approximately 6 million European Jews and millions of others by the Nazis and their collaborators during World War II. Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany established camps to imprison and kill Jews and other victims. Jews were forced into ghettos and extermination camps where most were killed through mass shootings, gas chambers, starvation, disease and extreme labor. Nazi doctors also performed deadly medical experiments on prisoners. The Holocaust led to widespread destruction of Jewish communities and losses that are still impacting victims and their descendants today.
The invasion of Italy was the first Allied offensive into Europe during World War 2. In July 1943, Operation Husky saw nearly 500,000 Allied troops land in Sicily over three days. By July 25th, Mussolini had been removed from power and ordered Italian troops to withdraw from Sicily. After taking Sicily, Allied forces moved from the seas to Italy's mainland in continued fighting. The battle of Monte Cassino was the longest battle in the invasion, with Allied troops not taking control until May 1944 after heavy fighting against German resistance. In April 1945, Mussolini was captured and executed by Italian partisans, with his body publicly humiliated and displayed in Milan.
World War II began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. The war soon spread beyond Europe to involve countries in Asia and Africa as well. The US entered the war in 1941 after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. Over 35 million lives were lost before Germany surrendered in 1945, bringing the war to an end. Adolf Hitler led Nazi Germany and attempted to exterminate the Jewish people in the Holocaust.
The Holocaust overview document outlines key events and aspects of the Holocaust from 1918 to 1945. It discusses the rise of Hitler and the Nazi party in Germany, the establishment of concentration and death camps like Auschwitz and Treblinka, victims which included Jews, Gypsies, and other groups, life in ghettos, and the Final Solution plan for genocide. It also mentions propaganda efforts, resistance, rescuers like Schindler, and the final liberation as Allied troops advanced in 1945.
This document provides a timeline of key events from 1933 to 1939 detailing Hitler's rise to power in Germany and the early years of his rule. It describes how he became Chancellor in 1933 and quickly consolidated power, establishing dictatorship by 1934 after President Hindenburg's death. The timeline notes the introduction of anti-Semitic laws and the start of persecution of Jews under Nazi rule.
The Wannsee Conference was held on January 20, 1942 to coordinate the plans for the genocide of European Jews, known as the "Final Solution". Senior Nazi officials and administrators met at a villa in Berlin to ensure cooperation and implementation of Hitler's order to exterminate the Jewish population of Europe. Reinhard Heydrich chaired the meeting and outlined plans to deport Jews from occupied territories to extermination camps in Poland where they would be killed in gas chambers or by other means. The conference marked a key step in organizing the logistics and bureaucracy of the Holocaust.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria and showed an early interest in art but was rejected from art school twice. After serving in World War 1, he became interested in politics and joined the German Workers' Party, which he transformed into the Nazi Party. In the 1920s, Hitler was imprisoned after an unsuccessful coup but used his trial to spread his message. He wrote Mein Kampf and the Nazi party platform focused on anti-Semitism and German nationalism. By 1933, the Nazis had become the largest party and Hitler was named Chancellor of Germany, establishing a dictatorship by suspending civil liberties. After years of expanding Nazi power and remilitarizing Germany, Hitler committed suicide in 1945 as Soviet forces advanced
Adolf Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany from 1934 until his suicide in 1945. He rose to power in Germany as the leader of the Nazi party and served as Chancellor from 1933-1945 and dictator from 1934-1945. His fascist policies and initiation of World War II resulted in millions of deaths and the devastation of Europe.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria and showed early interest in becoming a priest but was rejected from art school. After his parents died, he lived homeless in Vienna where he was influenced by anti-Semitism. During World War I he served in the German army and was decorated for bravery. After the war, he joined the Nazi party and rose to leadership with emotional speeches attacking Jews. In 1923 he attempted to overthrow the German government but was imprisoned for five years where he wrote his book Mein Kampf outlining his plans. He became Chancellor in 1933 and built Germany's industry and military, gaining control of Europe by 1941.
Adolf Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. He was born in Austria and served in World War I before entering politics in Germany. In 1923, Hitler attempted a failed coup known as the Beer Hall Putsch to seize power in Bavaria. He was imprisoned but used the time to dictate his autobiography and manifesto Mein Kampf. By 1933, the Nazi party became the largest party and Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany.
This document contains a collection of photographs showing Donald Woods Winnicott at various stages of his life and career. The photos depict Winnicott from his school days in the early 1900s through his time as a prominent psychoanalyst in the mid-20th century. They show him with colleagues like Anna Freud and at professional events like international psychoanalytic conferences where he presented his influential work.
There were several groups that opposed Hitler and the Nazis in Germany. The White Rose group conducted an anonymous leaflet and graffiti campaign calling for opposition to the Nazi regime. Members were discovered and executed in 1943. Some Catholic priests and the Archbishop of Munster opposed Hitler's policies and actions. Protestant pastors formed the Confessional Church in opposition to Hitler's control of the church. In 1944, the failed assassination attempt by the Kreisau Circle led by Colonel Stauffenberg resulted in over 5,000 executions in retaliation.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: THE NAZI R...George Dumitrache
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: THE NAZI REGIME - HOW EFFECTIVELY DID THE NAZIS DEAL WITH THEIR POLITICAL OPPONENTS.
The Treaty of Tilsit in 1807 established Napoleon's power in Western Europe by agreements signed between France and Russia following the Napoleonic Wars. The Continental System, Napoleon's foreign policy embargo against Britain, failed because Britain had naval dominance and several countries refused to join. The Congress of Vienna in 1814 helped reestablish a balance of power in Europe after Napoleon's defeat.
Adolf Hitler was born in Austria and failed to get into art school. He served in the German army during WWI and joined a small nationalist party after the war. As the party leader, he blamed Germany's weakness on politicians, France, communists, and Jews. His Nazi party received under 10% of the vote in early elections but he was imprisoned after a failed coup attempt. In prison he wrote Mein Kampf outlining his belief that Germany needed more land for Aryans and Jews posed an international threat.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria and became the Chancellor and Fuhrer of Germany from 1933 to 1945. He served in the German army during World War 1 and was decorated for bravery. His foreign policy focused on revising the Treaty of Versailles, uniting German-speaking people, and expanding eastward. On April 30, 1945, Hitler committed suicide in his bunker in Berlin as the Soviet army advanced, ending his life and reign over Nazi Germany.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria-Hungary and showed an early interest in art but was rejected from art school. He moved to Munich in 1913 and served in the German army during World War 1. After the war, he joined the German Workers' Party and renamed it the Nazi Party, taking control in 1921. As Chancellor of Germany from 1933, he grew the party rapidly and abolished democracy, becoming a dictator. He violated the Treaty of Versailles and invaded several countries, plunging Europe into World War 2. In 1945, with the Soviet army advancing on Berlin, Hitler committed suicide in his bunker.
This timeline outlines major events in British history from the 20th to early 21st centuries, including World War I, the 1926 general strike, the Great Depression, the rise of British fascism in the 1930s, World War II, Indian independence and partition in 1947, the coronations of Queen Elizabeth II and marriages of Prince Charles and Diana and Prince William and Catherine, the 1998 Good Friday Agreement for Northern Ireland, 7/7 terrorist attacks in London in 2005, and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.
HISTORY YEAR 10: NAZI GERMANY - DEATH OF ADOLF HITLERGeorge Dumitrache
HISTORY YEAR 10: NAZI GERMANY - DEATH OF ADOLF HITLER. It contains: battle for Berlin, Hitler death, Goering, Himmler, Hitler and Eva Braun, Musollini and Clara, Hitler and cyanide, Goebbels suicide, Hitler suicide, Hitler's bodyguard, Rochus Misch.
The document summarizes the experiences of Australian POWs during World War 1. Over 25% of the approximately 217 Australian troops captured by the Turks died in Turkish camps, which had poor conditions with little food and access to medical care. Prisoners were forced to work on railway construction far from camps. German camps also lacked sanitation, adequate housing, and sufficient food. POWs who disobeyed Germans could be sent to a prison known as the "Black Hole of Lille" with starvation rations and forced labor. The Red Cross supplied food and clothing parcels to POWs. Repatriation was quicker by Central Powers but slower by Allies, with some using POWs as forced labor until the 1920s.
The document discusses four influential German books: Martin Luther's 1534 Bible translation, which helped standardize the German language; Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' 1848 Communist Manifesto, considered one of the most influential political documents; Karl May's 1893 novel Winnetou about an Apache chief, which inspired many films and was beloved by readers; and Erich Kästner's 1949 children's book Konferenz der Tiere about animals who kidnap children to promote world peace. All four books had major impacts on German culture, politics, or literature.
Anne Frank was a German-Jewish girl who went into hiding with her family and others in Amsterdam to escape Nazi persecution. After over two years in hiding, the group was betrayed and arrested, with Anne and her sister dying in a concentration camp at the end of WWII. Her diary, which chronicled her time in hiding, was published after the war and has become one of the most widely read books in the world, serving as a symbol of the Holocaust.
During World War 2, Jews faced immense persecution and genocide at the hands of Nazi Germany. The Holocaust systematically murdered over 6 million Jews across Nazi-occupied Europe through gas chambers, starvation, forced labor, and shootings. While many countries and individuals helped Jews escape, like the Vatican and figures like Oskar Schindler and Irena Sendler, by the end of the war most Jewish communities had been destroyed and many Jews struggled to return home or find refuge.
The Holocaust overview document outlines key events and aspects of the Holocaust from 1918 to 1945. It discusses the rise of Hitler and the Nazi party in Germany, the establishment of concentration and death camps like Auschwitz and Treblinka, victims which included Jews, Gypsies, and other groups, life in ghettos, and the Final Solution plan for genocide. It also mentions propaganda efforts, resistance, rescuers like Schindler, and the final liberation as Allied troops advanced in 1945.
This document provides a timeline of key events from 1933 to 1939 detailing Hitler's rise to power in Germany and the early years of his rule. It describes how he became Chancellor in 1933 and quickly consolidated power, establishing dictatorship by 1934 after President Hindenburg's death. The timeline notes the introduction of anti-Semitic laws and the start of persecution of Jews under Nazi rule.
The Wannsee Conference was held on January 20, 1942 to coordinate the plans for the genocide of European Jews, known as the "Final Solution". Senior Nazi officials and administrators met at a villa in Berlin to ensure cooperation and implementation of Hitler's order to exterminate the Jewish population of Europe. Reinhard Heydrich chaired the meeting and outlined plans to deport Jews from occupied territories to extermination camps in Poland where they would be killed in gas chambers or by other means. The conference marked a key step in organizing the logistics and bureaucracy of the Holocaust.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria and showed an early interest in art but was rejected from art school twice. After serving in World War 1, he became interested in politics and joined the German Workers' Party, which he transformed into the Nazi Party. In the 1920s, Hitler was imprisoned after an unsuccessful coup but used his trial to spread his message. He wrote Mein Kampf and the Nazi party platform focused on anti-Semitism and German nationalism. By 1933, the Nazis had become the largest party and Hitler was named Chancellor of Germany, establishing a dictatorship by suspending civil liberties. After years of expanding Nazi power and remilitarizing Germany, Hitler committed suicide in 1945 as Soviet forces advanced
Adolf Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany from 1934 until his suicide in 1945. He rose to power in Germany as the leader of the Nazi party and served as Chancellor from 1933-1945 and dictator from 1934-1945. His fascist policies and initiation of World War II resulted in millions of deaths and the devastation of Europe.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria and showed early interest in becoming a priest but was rejected from art school. After his parents died, he lived homeless in Vienna where he was influenced by anti-Semitism. During World War I he served in the German army and was decorated for bravery. After the war, he joined the Nazi party and rose to leadership with emotional speeches attacking Jews. In 1923 he attempted to overthrow the German government but was imprisoned for five years where he wrote his book Mein Kampf outlining his plans. He became Chancellor in 1933 and built Germany's industry and military, gaining control of Europe by 1941.
Adolf Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. He was born in Austria and served in World War I before entering politics in Germany. In 1923, Hitler attempted a failed coup known as the Beer Hall Putsch to seize power in Bavaria. He was imprisoned but used the time to dictate his autobiography and manifesto Mein Kampf. By 1933, the Nazi party became the largest party and Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany.
This document contains a collection of photographs showing Donald Woods Winnicott at various stages of his life and career. The photos depict Winnicott from his school days in the early 1900s through his time as a prominent psychoanalyst in the mid-20th century. They show him with colleagues like Anna Freud and at professional events like international psychoanalytic conferences where he presented his influential work.
There were several groups that opposed Hitler and the Nazis in Germany. The White Rose group conducted an anonymous leaflet and graffiti campaign calling for opposition to the Nazi regime. Members were discovered and executed in 1943. Some Catholic priests and the Archbishop of Munster opposed Hitler's policies and actions. Protestant pastors formed the Confessional Church in opposition to Hitler's control of the church. In 1944, the failed assassination attempt by the Kreisau Circle led by Colonel Stauffenberg resulted in over 5,000 executions in retaliation.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: THE NAZI R...George Dumitrache
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: THE NAZI REGIME - HOW EFFECTIVELY DID THE NAZIS DEAL WITH THEIR POLITICAL OPPONENTS.
The Treaty of Tilsit in 1807 established Napoleon's power in Western Europe by agreements signed between France and Russia following the Napoleonic Wars. The Continental System, Napoleon's foreign policy embargo against Britain, failed because Britain had naval dominance and several countries refused to join. The Congress of Vienna in 1814 helped reestablish a balance of power in Europe after Napoleon's defeat.
Adolf Hitler was born in Austria and failed to get into art school. He served in the German army during WWI and joined a small nationalist party after the war. As the party leader, he blamed Germany's weakness on politicians, France, communists, and Jews. His Nazi party received under 10% of the vote in early elections but he was imprisoned after a failed coup attempt. In prison he wrote Mein Kampf outlining his belief that Germany needed more land for Aryans and Jews posed an international threat.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria and became the Chancellor and Fuhrer of Germany from 1933 to 1945. He served in the German army during World War 1 and was decorated for bravery. His foreign policy focused on revising the Treaty of Versailles, uniting German-speaking people, and expanding eastward. On April 30, 1945, Hitler committed suicide in his bunker in Berlin as the Soviet army advanced, ending his life and reign over Nazi Germany.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria-Hungary and showed an early interest in art but was rejected from art school. He moved to Munich in 1913 and served in the German army during World War 1. After the war, he joined the German Workers' Party and renamed it the Nazi Party, taking control in 1921. As Chancellor of Germany from 1933, he grew the party rapidly and abolished democracy, becoming a dictator. He violated the Treaty of Versailles and invaded several countries, plunging Europe into World War 2. In 1945, with the Soviet army advancing on Berlin, Hitler committed suicide in his bunker.
This timeline outlines major events in British history from the 20th to early 21st centuries, including World War I, the 1926 general strike, the Great Depression, the rise of British fascism in the 1930s, World War II, Indian independence and partition in 1947, the coronations of Queen Elizabeth II and marriages of Prince Charles and Diana and Prince William and Catherine, the 1998 Good Friday Agreement for Northern Ireland, 7/7 terrorist attacks in London in 2005, and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.
HISTORY YEAR 10: NAZI GERMANY - DEATH OF ADOLF HITLERGeorge Dumitrache
HISTORY YEAR 10: NAZI GERMANY - DEATH OF ADOLF HITLER. It contains: battle for Berlin, Hitler death, Goering, Himmler, Hitler and Eva Braun, Musollini and Clara, Hitler and cyanide, Goebbels suicide, Hitler suicide, Hitler's bodyguard, Rochus Misch.
The document summarizes the experiences of Australian POWs during World War 1. Over 25% of the approximately 217 Australian troops captured by the Turks died in Turkish camps, which had poor conditions with little food and access to medical care. Prisoners were forced to work on railway construction far from camps. German camps also lacked sanitation, adequate housing, and sufficient food. POWs who disobeyed Germans could be sent to a prison known as the "Black Hole of Lille" with starvation rations and forced labor. The Red Cross supplied food and clothing parcels to POWs. Repatriation was quicker by Central Powers but slower by Allies, with some using POWs as forced labor until the 1920s.
The document discusses four influential German books: Martin Luther's 1534 Bible translation, which helped standardize the German language; Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' 1848 Communist Manifesto, considered one of the most influential political documents; Karl May's 1893 novel Winnetou about an Apache chief, which inspired many films and was beloved by readers; and Erich Kästner's 1949 children's book Konferenz der Tiere about animals who kidnap children to promote world peace. All four books had major impacts on German culture, politics, or literature.
Anne Frank was a German-Jewish girl who went into hiding with her family and others in Amsterdam to escape Nazi persecution. After over two years in hiding, the group was betrayed and arrested, with Anne and her sister dying in a concentration camp at the end of WWII. Her diary, which chronicled her time in hiding, was published after the war and has become one of the most widely read books in the world, serving as a symbol of the Holocaust.
During World War 2, Jews faced immense persecution and genocide at the hands of Nazi Germany. The Holocaust systematically murdered over 6 million Jews across Nazi-occupied Europe through gas chambers, starvation, forced labor, and shootings. While many countries and individuals helped Jews escape, like the Vatican and figures like Oskar Schindler and Irena Sendler, by the end of the war most Jewish communities had been destroyed and many Jews struggled to return home or find refuge.
This document appears to be a table of contents for an educational material with 3 units: Unit 1 focuses on the classroom, Unit 2 on the family, and Unit 3 on the playground.
Donald Schnell has over 30 years of experience in sales and marketing leadership roles in industries including industrial coatings, insulation, temporary climate control services, and property damage restoration. He has a proven track record of consistent profitable growth through strategic planning, performance management, and new product development. Schnell is skilled at leading teams, reorganizations, and sales forces of up to 50 professionals.
This document provides context about the book "Liberalism in the Classical Tradition" by Ludwig von Mises. It includes a preface from 1985 providing background on Mises and explaining how the meaning of the term "liberalism" has changed. It also includes the original preface written by Mises in 1927 explaining what he means by "liberalism" in the context of the book. The foreword further outlines some of the key topics and arguments addressed in Mises' book that were lacking from other works advocating alternative economic systems at the time.
This document provides context about the book "Liberalism in the Classical Tradition" by Ludwig von Mises. It includes a preface from 1985 providing background on Mises and explaining how the meaning of the term "liberalism" has changed. It also includes a foreword praising the book for addressing practical implications of a free society that critics of capitalism often fail to discuss. The document gives biographical details of Mises and his work to establish him as a leading figure in the Austrian school of economics.
Friedrich A. von Hayek is the first in the series of Liberal Thinkers. We have a look on the life, the work as well as the impact of this oustanding polymath, liberal thinker and philosopher.
1. Adam Smith was an 18th century Scottish economist who published two influential works, The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations, introducing ideas like the invisible hand.
2. Thomas Malthus was an 18th/19th century English economist who argued that population growth tends to outpace food supply growth.
3. David Ricardo was a 19th century English economist known for his theories of rent, comparative advantage, and international trade.
The document discusses the emergence of the concept of totalitarianism in the 1930s to describe regimes in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union. It explores how intellectuals and scholars initially struggled to differentiate between fascism and communism but began to see them as sharing key traits of totalitarianism, including extreme nationalism, a cult of personality around their leaders, repression of individual rights and dissent, and a single-party system. By the late 1930s, most observers viewed Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union as totalitarian states and the signing of the Nazi-Soviet Pact in 1939 further confirmed this perspective for many.
After my lecture for the International Conference for Curators of Contemporary Art (IKT) in Siena in 2001, I was invited by the Vestjaellands Kunstmuseum in Denmark to write an essay in the framework of "Industry of Vision" a project and exhibition that addressed and questioned historical and contemporary Utopias and Heterotopias.
Human Action - A Treatise on EconomicsTanmoy Porel
This document provides an introduction to the scholar's edition of Ludwig von Mises' seminal work "Human Action". It summarizes that when first published in 1949, Mises' Austrian School approach was considered outdated, having been displaced by Keynesian and Walrasian economic theories. However, the introduction argues that "Human Action" fundamentally extended and challenged mainstream economic thought in a way no other work had. It positioned Mises' work as a turning point that laid the foundation for a major shift in ideas still unfolding decades later. The introduction places the book in its historical context and argues for its enduring significance, hence republishing the original 1949 edition.
The document provides an overview of major developments in European contexts, philosophy, science, and the arts from the late 19th century through the early 20th century. It summarizes that industrialization led to increased migration, the rise of the working class and socialism, while Germany unified and became a powerful nation. Major scientific discoveries were made in physics by Planck, Einstein, and Bohr, and in biology by Mendel and Pasteur. Philosophically, Nietzsche challenged traditional morality and Freud developed psychoanalysis. In the arts, Realism and Impressionism emerged before Post-Impressionism, Cubism, Futurism, and other modernist movements that rejected realism and naturalism.
Weimar Germany experienced a period of political instability, economic turmoil, and cultural flourishing following World War 1. The 1919 Weimar Constitution established Germany as a democratic republic while the Treaty of Versailles imposed punitive reparations. Berlin became a cultural epicenter known for its art, architecture, literature and film. However, the Wall Street crash of 1929 exacerbated economic woes, giving rise to unemployment and hyperinflation that destabilized the government and allowed the Nazis to rise to power under Hitler in 1933.
The document provides an overview of 19th century philosophy in Western philosophy. Some of the key developments and influences discussed include:
- 18th century philosophers like Kant and Enlightenment ideas continued to influence 19th century philosophy. German philosophers further developed Kant's ideas.
- Major philosophical schools and tendencies that emerged in the 19th century included German idealism, utilitarianism, Marxism, existentialism, positivism, pragmatism, and transcendentalism.
- Individual philosophers like Hegel, Schopenhauer, and later neo-Kantians significantly shaped German idealism. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill founded utilitarianism. Marx and Engels developed
The document provides an overview of Weimar society and culture between 1918-1933. It summarizes that while the aristocracy lost power, industrialists remained influential. The middle class struggled economically. Unions gained rights through agreements with industry. Berlin became a cultural hub with new opportunities for women, but many still opposed the Republic. Artistic movements like Expressionism, Dada and New Objectivity emerged, influenced by the war.
The document provides information about Albert Einstein and culture in Germany in the 19th and 20th centuries. It discusses the literature and music movements of each time period, including prominent figures. It also covers World War I and II from Germany's perspective. The biography section notes that Einstein was born in Germany in 1879 and made significant contributions to physics, receiving numerous honors and awards before moving to Princeton, New Jersey, where he died in 1955.
This document provides an overview and reviews of Alan Cassels' book "Ideology and International Relations in the Modern World". The book traces the role of ideology in international relations over the past two centuries, starting with how the French Revolution injected ideology into interstate politics. It discusses ideologies like Marxism-Leninism, Fascism, Nazism, conservatism, liberalism, and nationalism. The book takes an unusual historical approach by focusing on the influence of various ideologies rather than just political realities. It aims to incorporate both ideological and political factors into understanding international relations.
The document lists influential individuals from history in three categories: secular/non-religious people, religious figures, and most ruthless person. For secular people, it provides brief biographies of Albert Einstein, Galileo Galilei, Alexander the Great, William Shakespeare, John Locke, Christopher Columbus, Johann Gutenberg, Sir Isaac Newton, and Napoleon. For religious figures, it outlines the contributions of Moses, Confucius, Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha), Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Martin Luther, and Nanak and Lao-Tzu. It also identifies Ivan the Terrible as the "most ruthless person."
Exposing Communist Strategy for One World, students beware, Christians read, Robert Powell
Exposing Communist Strategy by members who left the party. Showing political correctness to be a tool to implement attacks on religion, family, morality and more. Learn why what is happening, today comes from the past, not taught in most educational opportunities.
The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in manufacturing and technology profoundly impacted society. It began in the UK and spread worldwide. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history, with unprecedented growth in average income and population. For the first time, living standards of ordinary people began sustained growth.
Hannah Arendt was a German-Jewish philosopher and political theorist who fled Nazi Germany and became renowned for her works on totalitarianism, human affairs, and political judgment. She first achieved fame with her book The Origins of Totalitarianism and further developed her political thinking in The Human Condition, Between Past and Future, and On Revolution. Her reporting on the Eichmann trial in Jerusalem also sparked controversy but ultimately reaffirmed her stature as a leading political thinker.
Ludwig von Mises - The Free Market and Its Enemies: Pseudo-Science,Socialism,...William Ludeña Ignacio
This is the first of a series of lecture transcripts drawn from careful notes taken by Bettina Bien Greaves in the summer of 1951. It features Mises in a role in which we do not usually find him, not as a writer but as a speaker of enormous erudition and power.
Year: 1951.
Área de interés: Derecho, Educación y Ciencias Sociales. (documento disponible actualmente en inglés)
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 07. STRESEMMAN ERA 1924-1929George Dumitrache
Gustav Stresemann was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1923 during the Weimar Republic period. As Chancellor and later as Foreign Minister, he implemented policies that helped stabilize Germany's economy and improve its international standing. This included establishing a new currency to end hyperinflation, crushing communist uprisings, and pursuing diplomatic agreements like the Locarno Pact to normalize Germany's relations with other European powers. However, the economic and political stability of the Weimar Republic remained fragile.
Similar to 2009-09-11 FNF PAK - Liberal Thinkers 01-Hayek - Handout (20)
To do as one would be done by, and to love one's neighbour as oneself constitute the ideal perfection of utilitarian morality according to John Stuart Mill. Mill was a British philosopher, economist, and political theorist in the 19th century. He had a profound impact as one of the greatest thinkers of his time and exerted immense influence on modern culture, philosophy, and thought.
The document summarizes the work of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation in Pakistan. It introduces Dr. Almut Besold as the resident representative of the Foundation in Pakistan since 2014. It then provides an overview of the Foundation, describing it as a German non-profit organization established in 1958 to promote civic education and the philosophy of liberalism. It operates through training workshops and publications. It works with partner organizations in Pakistan to provide skills training, moderate events, and strengthen civil society, democracy, and rule of law. Some of its partner organizations are now sustainable and continuing their work, which the Foundation views as a sign of its long-term impact and investment in democratic development in Pakistan.
This document provides biographical information about Olaf Kellerhoff, the Resident Representative of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation in Pakistan. It outlines Kellerhoff's background and experience in international relations and overseas missions. It then describes the work of the Foundation in Pakistan through its small local office staff and partner non-governmental organizations. The Foundation promotes liberal democracy, civic education, human rights, and free market policies in Pakistan through publications, trainings, workshops, citizens' dialogues, and consulting partners and politicians.
Introduction and overview on German-Pakistan Development Cooperation incl. German Foundations like Friedrich Naumann Foundation, Qaid-e Azam Alumnis, Islamabad Club
This document summarizes a presentation on corruption given by Olaf Kellerhoff, the Resident Representative of Pakistan for the Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung für die Freiheit foundation. The presentation covers: 1) A brief overview of the foundation and its work in over 60 countries including Pakistan since 1986 to promote liberal democracy, civic education, and human rights. 2) A definition of corruption and examples of historical corruption cases. 3) Examples of corruption scandals in Germany to show that no country is immune from corruption. 4) Ways to increase transparency and the rule of law through tools like freedom of information laws and monitoring of government institutions.
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This document discusses strategic communication and provides examples. It defines strategic communication as using communication to achieve specific goals. It discusses targeting communication by identifying specific, measurable, attractive, realistic, and timed targets. It also covers choosing appropriate channels and messages to influence different target audiences. The document emphasizes defining clear communication goals and tailoring the approach based on the target group's preferences, strengths, topics of interest, and preferred means of receiving information.
The Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom (FNF) has been working to promote liberal democracy, civic education, and human rights in Pakistan since 1986. FNF was founded in Germany in 1958 by Theodor Heuss to advance the ideas of Friedrich Naumann, who was a Protestant minister, liberal politician, and philosopher. FNF has regional offices around the world, including Pakistan, and works through local partners to conduct workshops and seminars on topics like elections, conflict resolution, and achieving the UN's Millennium Development Goals. The organization has a small local staff in Pakistan and relies on partner organizations to carry out its programming.
1. The document discusses a presentation given by Olaf Kellerhoff on liberalism and global financial crises.
2. It provides background on the Friedrich Naumann Foundation, which has worked in Pakistan since 1986 to promote liberal democracy, human rights, and a free market economy.
3. The presentation covers the history of liberal thought from thinkers like Locke, Smith, Mill, and Hayek and discusses how liberalism relates to challenges like the recent global financial crisis.
The basic understanding what Liberalism stands for.
For further Reading you might have a look at our homepage www.southasia.fnst.org or at our reading lists on slideshare.net.
Lecture on Liberalism at the Air University, Islamabad, Sept. 30th 2009, by Olaf Kellerhoff, Resident Representative Pakistan of Friedrich Naumann Foundation (FNF)
Fritz is the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom, a German political foundation established in 1958 to promote civic education based on liberalism. It operates in over 60 countries, including Pakistan since 1986, working with partners on seminars and workshops to advance liberal democracy, human rights, the free market, and peaceful conflict resolution. Fritz believes that individual freedom and social responsibility are essential to a just society and that property rights, civil society, and the rule of law empower citizens and lead to stability, transparency, and economic growth.
The Foundation for Freedom (FNF) works with several partners in Pakistan to promote individual freedom, good governance, and pluralism. The key partners mentioned are: Liberal Forum Pakistan, Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, Society for Protection of Rights of the Child, Shehri Citizens for Better Environment, FreedomGate Pakistan, and Economic Freedom Network. Each partner organization is described briefly in one sentence focusing on their mission and scope of work.
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2009-09-11 FNF PAK - Liberal Thinkers 01-Hayek - Handout
1. Friedrich A. von Hayek
Friedrich August von Hayek (1899–1992) had a major impact on liberal
thought, economic sciences as well as on the political stage of the Cold War.
The Austrian-British citizen influenced different so-called schools in Econom-
ics. In The Road to Serfdom he claims that government intervention like
piecemeal reforms inevitably lead to the kind ultimate domestic disaster that
paves the way for totalitarian regimes. The Nobel laureate was one of the great
polymaths of 20th century and contributed to jurisprudence neuroscience and
history of ideas – in other terms an outspoken global citizen, free marketer and
liberal philosopher.
1 Life 3 Impact
Being born (Vienna, 8 May 1899) and Hayek’s role in the 20th century was com-
raised in a noble family with connections pared to Adam Smith’s influence of the
to academics, Friedrich August von Hayek 18th. Having researched, published and
served in World War I: The decisive influ- taught all his lifetime his word influenced
ence was really World War I. It’s bound to philosophers, like Karl Popper, and politi-
draw your attention to the problems of cians, e.g. Ludwig Erhard, Margaret
political organization, he judged later in Thatcher and Ronal Reagan.
his life. In economics his direct impact on the
Vowing to work as a liberal for a better Austrian School, the Keynesians and the
world the son of a doctor earned doctor- Chicago school is
ates from the University of Vienna in law clearly traceable.
and economics. Before joining the London Furthermore, his
School of Economics in 1931 he founded studies in phi-
together with Ludwig von Mises the AUS- losophy and even
TRIAN INSTITUTE FOR BUSINESS CYCLE RESEARCH. neurobiology are
In 1950 he continued research and teach- widely recog-
ing in Chicago and moved 1962 to the In 1974 Hayek received the nized.
University of Freiburg (Germany) until his Nobel Prize for his theory of
-ok- Sept. 2009
retirement (1968). money.
He died in the circle of his family 23 Further Reading
March 1992 in Freiburg. CALDWELL, Bruce [Ed.]: The Collected Works of
F.A. von Hayek (19 Vol.) Chicago/London,
1997
2 Work http://mises.org/about/3234
Probably, his most known book is The his biography
Road to Serfdom (1944) in which he is http://www.iea.org.uk/files/upld-
objecting government intervention into publication43pdf?.pdf
market economy. Followed by The Consti- Road to Serfdom in Reader’s Digest format
tution of Liberty (1960) and Law, Legisla- http://revver.com/video/10904/hayeks-the-
tion, and Liberty (1978) together with The road-to-serfdom-in-five-minutes
Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialsm his book into a little sketch film
(1989) he always was an Anti-Socialist, http://mises.org/articles.aspx?AuthorId=126
Anti-Protectionist and pure Liberal. his papers
Olaf Kellerhoff House 19, Street 19, F-6/2 Tel.: +92 (51) 2 27 88 96
Resident Representative Islamabad +92 (51) 2 27 88 96
Pakistan Fax: +92 (51) 2 27 99 15
olaf..kellerhoff@fnst.org
www.southasia.fnst.org