The 2009 Norfolk Island Whale Survey observed fewer whales than in 2008 due to inclement weather reducing observation hours. Only 20 humpback whales were observed migrating south, compared to 84 in 2008. Due to nesting seabirds, the primary observation location from 2008 could not be used. Sperm whales were confirmed to inhabit the area when a pod of five was photographed. Weather conditions overall resulted in 159 hours of observation, less than the 215 hours in 2008.
Assessment of coral reefs damaged due to MV Pazifik ran aground in the Sape S...Yayasan TERANGI
Assessment of coral reefs damaged due to MV Pazifik ran aground in the Sape Strait using an aerial photography approach and species distribution modeling
Los 16 consejos básicos para emprender. Si quieres que tu idea se convierta en un proyecto viable estos consejos te pueden ayudar porque nacen de la experiencia de 20 años trabajando con emprendedores.
Por supuesto que hay muchos más, pero éstos te ayudarán a no olvidarte de ningún elementos esencial.
El documento describe la formación de ciudadanos desde el punto de vista del turismo, con el objetivo de que sean solidarios, creativos y conscientes, y puedan contribuir profesionalmente a la industria turística. El programa genera proyectos para que las comunidades reconozcan y promocionen sus recursos naturales y culturales como atracciones turísticas sostenibles, transformándolas en verdaderas comunidades turísticas. El nuevo profesional del turismo está capacitado para implementar alternativas sostenibles, diseñar y evaluar proyect
1) El documento resume la expedición de la Universidad de Cambridge al Estrecho de Torres en 1898, la primera expedición antropológica científica. 2) La expedición filmó algunas de las primeras películas etnográficas y grabó cilindros de cera con música de las comunidades locales. 3) 30 años más tarde, el psicólogo Frederick Bartlett estudió cómo los esquemas sociales y culturales influyen en la memoria de las personas y cómo los recuerdos se reconstruyen selectivamente según esos esquemas.
This document discusses the objectives of Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) and the Michigan Association of Police (MAP) to establish HFHS facilities as safe destination locations across Michigan. It provides crime statistics for various HFHS locations to demonstrate the need for armed and uniformed security officers to deter crime, provide faster response times, and enable apprehension of criminals. The roles and responsibilities of security officers are described for each location.
Assessment of coral reefs damaged due to MV Pazifik ran aground in the Sape S...Yayasan TERANGI
Assessment of coral reefs damaged due to MV Pazifik ran aground in the Sape Strait using an aerial photography approach and species distribution modeling
Los 16 consejos básicos para emprender. Si quieres que tu idea se convierta en un proyecto viable estos consejos te pueden ayudar porque nacen de la experiencia de 20 años trabajando con emprendedores.
Por supuesto que hay muchos más, pero éstos te ayudarán a no olvidarte de ningún elementos esencial.
El documento describe la formación de ciudadanos desde el punto de vista del turismo, con el objetivo de que sean solidarios, creativos y conscientes, y puedan contribuir profesionalmente a la industria turística. El programa genera proyectos para que las comunidades reconozcan y promocionen sus recursos naturales y culturales como atracciones turísticas sostenibles, transformándolas en verdaderas comunidades turísticas. El nuevo profesional del turismo está capacitado para implementar alternativas sostenibles, diseñar y evaluar proyect
1) El documento resume la expedición de la Universidad de Cambridge al Estrecho de Torres en 1898, la primera expedición antropológica científica. 2) La expedición filmó algunas de las primeras películas etnográficas y grabó cilindros de cera con música de las comunidades locales. 3) 30 años más tarde, el psicólogo Frederick Bartlett estudió cómo los esquemas sociales y culturales influyen en la memoria de las personas y cómo los recuerdos se reconstruyen selectivamente según esos esquemas.
This document discusses the objectives of Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) and the Michigan Association of Police (MAP) to establish HFHS facilities as safe destination locations across Michigan. It provides crime statistics for various HFHS locations to demonstrate the need for armed and uniformed security officers to deter crime, provide faster response times, and enable apprehension of criminals. The roles and responsibilities of security officers are described for each location.
El documento proporciona información sobre el origen y desarrollo del baloncesto. Se menciona que el baloncesto fue inventado en 1891 por James Naismith y se convirtió en un deporte olímpico en 1936. También describe algunas de las primeras ligas de baloncesto como la BAA fundada en 1946 y la creación de la FIBA en 1932 para regular las reglas a nivel internacional.
Un diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento integral en clínicas especializadas pueden mejorar la supervivencia y calidad de vida de los pacientes con fibrosis quística. El tratamiento incluye antibióticos, medicamentos inhalados, terapias para diluir el moco, suplementos vitamínicos, ejercicio y vigilancia en el hogar para mantener las vías respiratorias despejadas.
Report on horizontal vertical christmas treeAmar Gaikwad
Christmas trees are used on both surface and subsea wells. It is common to identify the type of tree as either “subsea tree” or “surface tree”. Each of these classifications has a number of variations. Examples of subsea include conventional, dual bore, mono bore, TFL (through flow line), horizontal mud line, mud line vertical, side valve, and TBT (through-bore tree) trees. The primary function of a tree is to control the flow, usually oil or gas, out of the well.
El documento presenta el desarrollo de un Test de Habilidades Verbales para Adolescentes. Explica que el lenguaje es crucial para el aprendizaje y que el test evalúa habilidades como la seriación, categorización, conceptualización e inducción verbal. El test consta de 4 subtests con un total de 75 ítems y fue elaborado para medir el desarrollo de habilidades verbales necesarias según el currículo chileno de enseñanza media.
El documento describe 9 obstáculos comunes que impiden alcanzar la calidad total. Cada obstáculo se presenta como un error de gestión, como descuidar la planificación a largo plazo, creer que la tecnología soluciona todos los problemas o culpar a los trabajadores por los problemas. En general, los obstáculos son síntomas de una mala gestión aunque sean más fáciles de remediar que otros problemas más profundos de la organización.
El modelo de liderazgo democrático de Nelson Mandela explicado mediante 22 citas del líder sudafricano.
Artículo completo en:
http://sharingideas-josecavd.blogspot.com.es/2013/09/nelson-mandela-22-pensamientos-del.html
This document provides information about ordinal numbers and dates. It lists the days of the week and months of the year. It also shows cardinal and ordinal numbers from 1 to 31. It provides examples of writing and saying dates, including the third of April 2004 and the fourteenth of September 1998. Finally, it demonstrates how to write out dates in full sentences, such as "It's the thirtieth of July, nineteen twenty-six."
The Mobile Payers send money for a product or service through portable electronic devices such as a cell phone, smartphone or PDA. Mobile payment technology can also be used to send money to friends or family members.
Berrow et al. 2014. Deployment of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Equipment in th...Ryan Wilson-Parr
This document provides a summary of a cruise conducted in May 2014 that had three main objectives:
1) Deploy passive acoustic monitoring equipment at three sites in the Porcupine Seabight region to monitor cetaceans.
2) Conduct visual surveys for cetaceans and seabirds while transiting to and from the monitoring locations.
3) Collect CTD data at each of the three sites where acoustic monitoring equipment was deployed to record temperature, depth, and salinity.
The cruise aimed to add to the body of knowledge on cetacean and seabird distributions in the Porcupine Seabight, an important habitat.
The 2010 Norfolk Island Whale Survey found that the humpback whale population migrating past Norfolk Island had not recovered to pre-whaling levels, despite whaling ending in the region in 1962. Over multiple years of research, the Survey has documented several whale species in the area but observed recovery rates for humpback whales passing Norfolk Island have been much lower than along the east coast of Australia. The Survey will continue monitoring whale migration in the region to understand why recovery has been slower than in other areas.
Adélie Penguin Population Trends in Cape BirdJessica Carde
1) The document analyzes historic aerial photographs from 1956-2009 of the Cape Bird Adélie penguin colony in Antarctica to study population trends over time in response to climate change.
2) Using GIS software, the author counts penguins in 1983 photos and outlines guano-stained areas in older photos to estimate colony sizes. All three rookeries at Cape Bird increased in size between 1956-2009, with the largest growth in the Middle Rookery.
3) Climate change, competitive release from declining whale populations, and decreased fishing of prey species likely all contributed to the increasing Cape Bird penguin population observed over the past 60 years.
This document describes a student's project to log and analyze a drill core sample called NBDD0001 located at the Nabila Core-shed in Fiji. The student aims to identify the main rock units and lithology of the core through fieldwork and laboratory analysis. The document provides background on the geology of Fiji and the study area. It then describes the student's methodology, results on lithology, alteration, and mineralization seen in the core. Images of thin sections are also presented. The student discusses their findings and aims to determine if gold or pyrite is present in a mineralized zone of the core. In conclusion, the student completes the objectives of logging the core and identifying its main rock units.
This study analyzed sediment cores from five sites along Cockle Creek in New South Wales, Australia to assess lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) levels. X-ray fluorescence detected increasing numbers of elements from upstream to downstream sites. No Pb was detected. ICP analysis found higher average Pb (284.68 mg/kg vs 226.12 mg/kg) and Zn (683.86 mg/kg vs 587.96 mg/kg) levels in deeper sediments. Pb levels were below 600 mg/kg at all sites except the bottom half of Site 5 sediment. Zn levels exceeded Australian guidelines at all sites. The results were consistent with prior studies conducted nearby.
Southern Bluefin Tuna are a migratory fish that can live over 40 years. They migrate along Australia's southern coast and around the Great Australian Bight. Commercial fishing of Southern Bluefin Tuna primarily uses purse seine and pole fishing in the Great Australian Bight and longlines off the east coast. The population of Southern Bluefin Tuna has dramatically declined due to overfishing and they are now an endangered species. Quotas and fishing restrictions have been implemented in an effort to rebuild the population.
Haberlin et al, 2016, Diversity and occurrence of siphonophores in Irish coas...Damien Haberlin
This document summarizes a study on the diversity and occurrence of siphonophores in Irish coastal waters. Three siphonophore species were found - Muggiaea atlantica, Nanomia bijuga, and Agalma elegans. M. atlantica was the most abundant, with densities an order of magnitude higher than the physonect species. M. atlantica displayed distinct seasonality, peaking in spring and fall, whereas the physonect species were sporadic. Comparing these findings to a site in England indicates both regions have similar patterns of siphonophore inter-annual occurrence, providing novel information on their seasonality in Irish coastal waters.
This document summarizes research conducted at the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) on the Arctic Ocean. It discusses the SAMS Arctic Time Series project, which involves deploying long-term oceanographic sensor moorings at multiple sites around Svalbard to collect time series data and study physical, biological, and ecosystem processes. The moorings measure variables like temperature, currents, and zooplankton abundance to understand topics like seasonal changes, the spring bloom, and diel vertical migration. The document recommends identifying funding to expand such collaborative Arctic research with other nations through integrated long-term observing networks.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Barry Berejikian's presentation on Steelhead survival rates in Puget Sound, at the 2014 Nisqually Annual Program Review. Barry is a scientist for NOAA.
El documento proporciona información sobre el origen y desarrollo del baloncesto. Se menciona que el baloncesto fue inventado en 1891 por James Naismith y se convirtió en un deporte olímpico en 1936. También describe algunas de las primeras ligas de baloncesto como la BAA fundada en 1946 y la creación de la FIBA en 1932 para regular las reglas a nivel internacional.
Un diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento integral en clínicas especializadas pueden mejorar la supervivencia y calidad de vida de los pacientes con fibrosis quística. El tratamiento incluye antibióticos, medicamentos inhalados, terapias para diluir el moco, suplementos vitamínicos, ejercicio y vigilancia en el hogar para mantener las vías respiratorias despejadas.
Report on horizontal vertical christmas treeAmar Gaikwad
Christmas trees are used on both surface and subsea wells. It is common to identify the type of tree as either “subsea tree” or “surface tree”. Each of these classifications has a number of variations. Examples of subsea include conventional, dual bore, mono bore, TFL (through flow line), horizontal mud line, mud line vertical, side valve, and TBT (through-bore tree) trees. The primary function of a tree is to control the flow, usually oil or gas, out of the well.
El documento presenta el desarrollo de un Test de Habilidades Verbales para Adolescentes. Explica que el lenguaje es crucial para el aprendizaje y que el test evalúa habilidades como la seriación, categorización, conceptualización e inducción verbal. El test consta de 4 subtests con un total de 75 ítems y fue elaborado para medir el desarrollo de habilidades verbales necesarias según el currículo chileno de enseñanza media.
El documento describe 9 obstáculos comunes que impiden alcanzar la calidad total. Cada obstáculo se presenta como un error de gestión, como descuidar la planificación a largo plazo, creer que la tecnología soluciona todos los problemas o culpar a los trabajadores por los problemas. En general, los obstáculos son síntomas de una mala gestión aunque sean más fáciles de remediar que otros problemas más profundos de la organización.
El modelo de liderazgo democrático de Nelson Mandela explicado mediante 22 citas del líder sudafricano.
Artículo completo en:
http://sharingideas-josecavd.blogspot.com.es/2013/09/nelson-mandela-22-pensamientos-del.html
This document provides information about ordinal numbers and dates. It lists the days of the week and months of the year. It also shows cardinal and ordinal numbers from 1 to 31. It provides examples of writing and saying dates, including the third of April 2004 and the fourteenth of September 1998. Finally, it demonstrates how to write out dates in full sentences, such as "It's the thirtieth of July, nineteen twenty-six."
The Mobile Payers send money for a product or service through portable electronic devices such as a cell phone, smartphone or PDA. Mobile payment technology can also be used to send money to friends or family members.
Berrow et al. 2014. Deployment of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Equipment in th...Ryan Wilson-Parr
This document provides a summary of a cruise conducted in May 2014 that had three main objectives:
1) Deploy passive acoustic monitoring equipment at three sites in the Porcupine Seabight region to monitor cetaceans.
2) Conduct visual surveys for cetaceans and seabirds while transiting to and from the monitoring locations.
3) Collect CTD data at each of the three sites where acoustic monitoring equipment was deployed to record temperature, depth, and salinity.
The cruise aimed to add to the body of knowledge on cetacean and seabird distributions in the Porcupine Seabight, an important habitat.
The 2010 Norfolk Island Whale Survey found that the humpback whale population migrating past Norfolk Island had not recovered to pre-whaling levels, despite whaling ending in the region in 1962. Over multiple years of research, the Survey has documented several whale species in the area but observed recovery rates for humpback whales passing Norfolk Island have been much lower than along the east coast of Australia. The Survey will continue monitoring whale migration in the region to understand why recovery has been slower than in other areas.
Adélie Penguin Population Trends in Cape BirdJessica Carde
1) The document analyzes historic aerial photographs from 1956-2009 of the Cape Bird Adélie penguin colony in Antarctica to study population trends over time in response to climate change.
2) Using GIS software, the author counts penguins in 1983 photos and outlines guano-stained areas in older photos to estimate colony sizes. All three rookeries at Cape Bird increased in size between 1956-2009, with the largest growth in the Middle Rookery.
3) Climate change, competitive release from declining whale populations, and decreased fishing of prey species likely all contributed to the increasing Cape Bird penguin population observed over the past 60 years.
This document describes a student's project to log and analyze a drill core sample called NBDD0001 located at the Nabila Core-shed in Fiji. The student aims to identify the main rock units and lithology of the core through fieldwork and laboratory analysis. The document provides background on the geology of Fiji and the study area. It then describes the student's methodology, results on lithology, alteration, and mineralization seen in the core. Images of thin sections are also presented. The student discusses their findings and aims to determine if gold or pyrite is present in a mineralized zone of the core. In conclusion, the student completes the objectives of logging the core and identifying its main rock units.
This study analyzed sediment cores from five sites along Cockle Creek in New South Wales, Australia to assess lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) levels. X-ray fluorescence detected increasing numbers of elements from upstream to downstream sites. No Pb was detected. ICP analysis found higher average Pb (284.68 mg/kg vs 226.12 mg/kg) and Zn (683.86 mg/kg vs 587.96 mg/kg) levels in deeper sediments. Pb levels were below 600 mg/kg at all sites except the bottom half of Site 5 sediment. Zn levels exceeded Australian guidelines at all sites. The results were consistent with prior studies conducted nearby.
Southern Bluefin Tuna are a migratory fish that can live over 40 years. They migrate along Australia's southern coast and around the Great Australian Bight. Commercial fishing of Southern Bluefin Tuna primarily uses purse seine and pole fishing in the Great Australian Bight and longlines off the east coast. The population of Southern Bluefin Tuna has dramatically declined due to overfishing and they are now an endangered species. Quotas and fishing restrictions have been implemented in an effort to rebuild the population.
Haberlin et al, 2016, Diversity and occurrence of siphonophores in Irish coas...Damien Haberlin
This document summarizes a study on the diversity and occurrence of siphonophores in Irish coastal waters. Three siphonophore species were found - Muggiaea atlantica, Nanomia bijuga, and Agalma elegans. M. atlantica was the most abundant, with densities an order of magnitude higher than the physonect species. M. atlantica displayed distinct seasonality, peaking in spring and fall, whereas the physonect species were sporadic. Comparing these findings to a site in England indicates both regions have similar patterns of siphonophore inter-annual occurrence, providing novel information on their seasonality in Irish coastal waters.
This document summarizes research conducted at the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) on the Arctic Ocean. It discusses the SAMS Arctic Time Series project, which involves deploying long-term oceanographic sensor moorings at multiple sites around Svalbard to collect time series data and study physical, biological, and ecosystem processes. The moorings measure variables like temperature, currents, and zooplankton abundance to understand topics like seasonal changes, the spring bloom, and diel vertical migration. The document recommends identifying funding to expand such collaborative Arctic research with other nations through integrated long-term observing networks.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Barry Berejikian's presentation on Steelhead survival rates in Puget Sound, at the 2014 Nisqually Annual Program Review. Barry is a scientist for NOAA.
Application of Ocean Bottom Seismometer in Studying Marine SeismicityJesse Hsia
Most of the world’s earthquakes take place in the Pacific Ring of Fire, and we are talking about 90% of all the seismic activities. Yet, we have explored only about 5% of Earth’s ocean. The summer program I took in 2009 in IONTU expanded my curiosity of the understanding of the fundamental processes deep in the planet earth’s interior. During my time in IONTU, the program about ocean provided me the aspects of intrigue and mystery. And the presentation I posted might just answer you “Why we should care?” and “What difference does it make?” and “So What?"
Hydrogeological assessment of two important wetlands (GDEs) in Hodgson's Wetl...getnathans
This document summarizes a study of two wetlands, W023 and W024, located within the Buntine-Marchagee Natural Diversity Recovery Catchment in Western Australia. The study analyzed the regional geology, hydrogeology, and water balances of the wetlands. For both wetlands, the major water inputs were horizontal groundwater inflow and surface water inflow, while the major outputs were horizontal groundwater outflow and evapotranspiration. The water and chloride balances showed that W023 had a surplus of 560 kg/year of chloride while W024 had a deficit of 310 cubic meters/year of water. The study provides insight into the hydrology and geochemistry of the two wetland systems.
This study examines the source rock potential of the Torquay Formation in southern
Saskatchewan using high resolution Rock-Eval pyrolysis and organic petrography on core samples.
The study finds that while two thin organic rich zones exist, the Torquay Formation has limited
source potential due to low total organic carbon values below 1 wt.%, hydrogen index below 250,
and low thermal maturity. The organic matter is Type II-III kerogen with some Type IV, suggesting
reworked or oxidized organic material rather than in-situ accumulation. This preliminary analysis
concludes the Torquay Formation has marginal source potential in southern Saskatchewan.
Marine fieldwork looking in depth at all the requirement and methodologies necessary to be able to organise, record and extrapolate data from sampled marine mammals, sea birds, fish and benthic marine life assemblages.
The document discusses updates to Hawaiian Islands orthoimagery. It provides details on the availability of orthoimagery from 1997 to 2014 covering the Hawaiian Islands at various resolutions from different sensors. It describes corrections made in the Hawaii Island and Kahoolawe orthoimagery mosaics and discusses potential areas for future updates to the orthoimagery.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed zircon grains from a sandstone sample of the Quartoo Sand Member in South Australia using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine its sedimentary provenance. The Quartoo Sand Member is part of the Eocene Muloowurtie Formation within the St Vincent Basin. The study found multiple age populations of zircons indicating the sand originated from various geological provinces. Determining the provenance helps understand the nature and extent of the sedimentary cover in relation to the underlying basement geology near the Hillside Cu-Au deposit.
This document provides information about Daniel Devlin's work placement with Wildlife Sense, a sea turtle conservation organization in Greece. It describes Wildlife Sense's mission and operations, including managing 10 beaches. It outlines Daniel's tasks such as participating in daily beach patrols to locate turtle nests and track nesting activity. Beach patrols allow collecting data on nesting numbers, which provide estimates of local turtle populations. Daniel's placement also included learning about EU laws on sea turtle protection and the impacts of tourism and development on turtle habitats.
Auckland Volcanic Field Olivine Research Poster for AGU Fall 2013_Smidelainesmid
This poster was presented at the American Geophysical Union's Fall 2013 scientific conference. It describes research results from chemical analyses of olivine minerals found in the deposits of the Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand. This research is a part of the publicly-funded DEtermining VOlcanic Risk in Auckland project.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
2. 2009 Norfolk Island Whale Survey Oosterman, Whicker & Garbett 2010
Introduction
th
The seventh (7 ) consecutive Norfolk Island Whale Survey (NIWS) was conducted from Monday 12
October 2009 to Thursday 5 November 2009 under the authority of permit no. 2007-0004 as issued under
the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 by the Commonwealth of Australia.
As was the case in previous such studies, all species of cetacean fauna were documented. Nevertheless,
the project continues to focus on the southward migration of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
past Norfolk Island (29°02’S 167° 57’E). This report is the result of preliminary analyses of the raw data
obtained during the field component of the 2009 study. The intention is that this summary will be presented
at the April 2010 meeting in Auckland of the South Pacific Whale Research Consortium (SPWRC).
Summary
Since determining an apparent ‘peak’ in numbers from early October 2008 to early November of that year
(Oosterman, 2009) it was considered prudent to carry out the 2009 project within this window. Typically, the
duration of the annual Norfolk Island Whale Surveys has been approximately twenty-eight (28) days and
the 2009 project encompassed twenty-five (25) days (Table 1).
A significant portion of the on-effort hours of 2008 were not able to be replicated in 2009 due to inclement
weather. Norfolk Island, being an oceanic island, is susceptible to weather conditions that can be quite
variable. Unfortunately, during the field work component of the 2009 NIWS, less than ideal conditions
existed for much of the time. Indeed, on six (6) days out of 25 (24% of days) winds reached or exceeded
20knots and/or the Beaufort scale recorded was 4 or higher. In addition, mist over water or precipitation
limited visibility on some other days.
Typically, the NIWS team employs a number of strategic locations for its land-based observations. The key
site utilized during the 2008 survey was unable to be used per se in 2009 due to the proximity of nesting
Tasman boobies (Sula dactylatra tasmani). Instead, an adjacent tract of land situated approximately one
hundred metres (100m) to the west yielded a suitable alternative location (Table 2).
During the 2009 NIWS, 159hrs 35mns were expended on-effort. For the same period during the extended
2008 survey the team spent 215hrs 05mns on-effort. Therefore, on-effort survey time in 2009 amounted to
73.95% of the on-effort hours in the corresponding period during 2008. Complementing the land-based
study were vessel-based observations which were limited to a total of 16hrs 20mns spread over four (4)
separate days.
In the same vein, 84 humpback whales were observed migrating southward past Norfolk Island during this
same period in 2008, whilst 20 of their conspecifics were documented in 2009 (Table 3). Hence, 23.8% of
the number of humpbacks observed in 2008 were recorded for 2009. The 2009 study was able to
determine that per on-effort hour, 0.150 whales were observed (cf. 0.455 during a similar corresponding
period in 2008) and 0.125 humpback whales (Table 1) were observed (cf. 0.390 during a similar
corresponding period in 2008). Furthermore, 83.35% of whales observed were identified as humpbacks (cf.
85.7% during a similar corresponding period in 2008) and 35.0% of humpbacks observed were calves (cf.
31% during a similar corresponding period in 2008).
Humpback whales have always been the key focus of the NIWS and remain so. However, all cetaceans
encountered during the study have been documented. With the exception of humpback whales and
bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), the most frequently recorded cetacean taxa are minke whales
(Balaenoptera spp.). Since 2004 minkes have been observed by NIWS personnel, often in conjunction with
’bait’ (Clupeiformes) fish schools on which minkes and sea birds, e.g., wedgetail shearwaters (Puffinus
pacificus) feed. No minke whales were observed by the team during the survey of 2009 (Table 3) yet during
the corresponding period of 2008, three (3) minkes were noted. Significantly, ‘bait’ fish were less abundant
and smaller in school size in 2009 than for 2008.
The current study yielded little in terms of cetacean biodiversity. Whilst four (4) large cetaceans were
unidentified to species (Table 3), taxa positively identified and photographed were offshore bottlenose
dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and sperm whales (Physeter
macrocephalus). An anecdotal report (dated 03 April 2003) from the late Ian Kenny exists of the latter
species in the vicinity of Norfolk Island but the photographic evidence obtained (Figure 4) of five (5)
individuals - a pod of two (2) and a pod of three (3) in close proximity to each other - on 25 October within
sight of the island confirms the species for the region. Sloughed skin (#Mn09NI002, #Mn09NI003,
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3. 2009 Norfolk Island Whale Survey Oosterman, Whicker & Garbett 2010
#Mn09NI004) collected from one (1) of the sperm whales has been delivered to Dr Luciana Möller of
Macquarie University for genetic analysis.
Materials & Observer Effort
The 2009 survey team essentially consisted of Adrian Oosterman, Merv Whicker, Sue Goodfellow and
Borry Evans. For the corresponding period during the 2008 study these personnel were complemented by
four interns working on a roster basis.
Some of the key equipment used to facilitate the process of observing, photographing and recording whales
during the 2009 NIWS included Gerber 7 x 50 7.1 field binoculars, Fujinon 7 x 50 7.0 field compass
binoculars set for Southern Hemisphere specifications, Nikon 12 x 50 5.5 field binoculars, a Pentax 35mm
SLR digital *ist DL camera, a Garmin GPS 72 Personal Navigator, a Sony MZ-B100 Mini Disc recorder and
a High Tech 96-MI model hydrophone.
Acknowledgements
The 2009 NIWS was carried out with the considerable support of a number of individuals and organizations.
Sincere thanks are extended to Darren Bates, David Bigg for providing sperm whale photographs, Gaelene
Christian (Norfolk Window), Howard Christian for providing his vessel free of charge, Ken and Margaret
Christian, Borry Evans for accommodation as well as supply of vessel and his dedication, Claire Garrigue,
Sue Goodfellow, Chris Kenny, the late Ian Kenny (to whom this work is dedicated), Joan Kenny, Luciana
Möller, Ken Nobbs (Cameralines), Southern Cross University Whale Research Centre, The Norfolk Islander
(Jonathon Snell) and any others I may have been remiss in mentioning. Thanks is extended to all those
who recommended that the Norfolk Island Whale Survey continue. A special mention of gratitude is
expressed to Merv Whicker, whose assistance and perseverance with this survey, has greatly contributed
to its success.
The Australian Whale Conservation Society (AWCS) generously provided a grant that significantly defrayed
the financial burden of travel to Norfolk Island for the field component of the study and to New Zealand for
the 2010 SPWRC meeting where this report was delivered.
References
Garbett, P. (2009) Norfolk Island Whale Survey: humpback whale fluke photo-ID catalogue. 9pp. NIWS { Available from
cetalfauna@hotmail.com }
Oosterman, A. (2009) A review of the 2008 Norfolk Island Whale Survey. 7pp. NIWS { Available from
adrianoosterman@hotmail.com }
Oosterman, A. and Whicker, M. (2008). Norfolk Island Whale Surveys: reviewing the observations of 2003-2007.
(unpublished) 9 pp. NIWS { Available from adrianoosterman@hotmail.com }
Shirihai, H. (2006). Whales, dolphins and seals: a field guide to the marine mammals of the world. A & G Black
Publishers, London. 384 pp.
Correspondence
Adrian Oosterman, Norfolk Island Whale Survey, PO Box 143 Scarborough, Qld 4020, Australia
adrianoosterman@hotmail.com
61 7 3038 8131
61 418 984 324
This document may be cited as:
Oosterman, A., Whicker, M. and Garbett, P. (2010) A review of the 2009 Norfolk Island Whale Survey. 6 pp. Norfolk
Island Whale Survey.
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