This topic is all about the equilibrium of lawlessness and strict adherence of rule of law. There is the need to balance this two or always intertwined in all aspects of life...
- Government InvolvementBioethics Environmental Ethics.docxhoney725342
- Government Involvement
Bioethics: Environmental Ethics
Go here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GviNafYdS4 to view a video covering information about environmental ethics and how it relates to morality.
Reference
Leopold Foundation. (2012, June, 3). Bioethics and environmental value- How we reason about things that morally matter [Video]. Retrieved from the YouTube Web site: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GviNafYdS4
Social Contract Theory
Go here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHyn8MWssWc to view a video showing social contract theory from the conservative and liberal points of view. This video is approximately 7 minutes in length.
Reference
Storm Clouds Gathering. (2013, May, 30). The truth about the social contract [Video]. Retrieved from the YouTube Web site: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHyn8MWssWc
Rousseau and Social Contract
Go here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M40waSvXwBU to view a video that covers Rousseau's view on social contract theory. This video is approximately 12 minutes in length.
Reference
Alfred, J. (2010, October, 22). The classics: Rousseau -- Social contract [Video]. Retrieved from the YouTube Web site: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M40waSvXwBU
Laws and Ethics
Law is a system of principles and rules of human conduct prescribed by society and enforced by public authority. This definition applies to both criminal law and civil law. Ethics is the study of standards of conduct and moral judgment. When referring to a profession, ethics is the group's principles or code. Some may view the link between law and ethics as one to one—what is lawful is ethical and what is unlawful is unethical. This is not necessarily true. The law is the minimum performance that is expected in society. Professions demand that members comply with the law but simultaneously hold members to a higher standard. Thus, a profession's code of ethics may require its group's members to act in ways that are different from members of society. In this presentation, we examine ethics in the health professions by focusing first on human development and the foundation of law, and second, on reasoning in the world of values.
Human Value Development and the Foundation of Law
Moral philosophies and derivative principles provide a framework to hone and use a personal ethic to analyze and solve ethical problems. Like philosophers, clinicians and administrators are unlikely to agree fully with only one moral philosophy. Most will be eclectic in developing or reconsidering a personal ethic. In general, however, the principles of respect for persons, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice are useful in defining relationships among patients, managers, and organizations. These principles may carry different weights and take precedence over one another, depending on the issue being evaluated. Justice requires, however, that they be consistently ordered and weighted when similar problems are considered ...
1) You must clearly label the answer to each question.2) If you .docxjeremylockett77
1) You must clearly label the answer to each question.
2) If you are unable to draw diagrams in Microsoft Word, you may use scanned copies of hand drawn diagrams.
3) Word count: The suggested word limit for each sub-question is 200-250 words. (1200 to 1500 words altogether)
4) You must clearly acknowledge all sources using Harvard referencing system including the textbook.
Question 1 (a) Explain, with the aid of diagrams, how an outbreak of hostilities in the Middle East might be expected to impact the Australian markets for petrol and passenger cars with large engines that run on petrol. (6 marks)
(b) The latest electric car is expected to be released in Australia shortly at a very affordable price. What impact might this have on the market for cars which run on petrol? Justify your answer. (4 marks)
Question 2 (a) Australian government is encouraging young people to attend universities with a view to increase the proportion of educated youth workforce. While this policy certainly reduces the number of people available for work today it will increase their skills when they eventually complete their university degrees and enter the workforce. Use the production frontier model and graph to show the effects of such a policy on Australian output. (6 marks)
(b) What are the long-term determinants of economic growth and how can government influence economic growth. (4 marks)
Question 3 (a) Suppose the government is thinking of imposing a sales tax on all brands of cigarettes. What will be the likely impact of this tax on the price of cigarettes and who will bear the major burden of the tax? How will your answer change if the tax was imposed on the consumption of coffee instead? Explain with the help of appropriate diagrams. (6 marks)
(b) Coles and Woolworths dominate the Australian supermarket/grocery sector. Which type of market structure does this sector resemble? Provide a brief explanation. Based on the concepts learnt in this unit explain the likely reasons for the prevalence of this market structure in the Australian supermarket sector. (4 marks)
INTRODUCTION:
THINKING ETHICALLY A Framework for Moral Decision Making
***This article updates several previous pieces from Issues in Ethics by Manuel Velasquez - Dirksen Professor of Business Ethics at Santa Clara University and former Center director - and Claire Andre, associate Center director. "Thinking Ethically" is based on a framework developed by the authors in collaboration with Center Director Thomas Shanks, S.J., Presidential Professor of Ethics and the Common Good Michael J. Meyer, and others. The framework is used as the basis for many programs and presentations at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics.
TAKEN FROM: http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework.html
Moral issues greet us each morning in the newspaper, confront us in the memos on our desks, nag us from our children's soccer fields, and bid us good night on the evening news. We are bombarded da ...
INTRODUCTION THINKING ETHICALLY A Framework for Moral Decisio.docxnormanibarber20063
INTRODUCTION:
THINKING ETHICALLY A Framework for Moral Decision Making
***This article updates several previous pieces from Issues in Ethics by Manuel Velasquez - Dirksen Professor of Business Ethics at Santa Clara University and former Center director - and Claire Andre, associate Center director. "Thinking Ethically" is based on a framework developed by the authors in collaboration with Center Director Thomas Shanks, S.J., Presidential Professor of Ethics and the Common Good Michael J. Meyer, and others. The framework is used as the basis for many programs and presentations at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics.
TAKEN FROM: http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework.html
Moral issues greet us each morning in the newspaper, confront us in the memos on our desks, nag us from our children's soccer fields, and bid us good night on the evening news. We are bombarded daily with questions about the justice of our foreign policy, the morality of medical technologies that can prolong our lives, the rights of animals or perhaps the fairness of our children's teachers dealing with diverse students in their classrooms.
Dealing with these moral issues is often perplexing. How, exactly, should we think through an ethical issue? What questions should we ask? What factors should we consider?
WHAT IS ETHICS?
Simply stated, ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves-as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionals, and so on.
According to The National Institute of Health: “Ethics seeks to determine what a person should do, or the best course of action, and provides reasons why. It also helps people decide how to behave and treat one another, and what kinds of communities would be good to live in.”
“Bioethics is a subfield of ethics that explores ethical questions related to the life sciences. Bioethical analysis helps people make decisions about their behavior and about policy questions that governments, organizations, and communities must face when they consider how best to use new biomedical knowledge and innovation”.
WHAT ETHICS IS NOT:
• Ethics is not the same as feelings. Feelings provide important information for our ethical choices. Some people have highly developed habits that make them feel bad when they do something wrong, but many people feel good even though they are doing something wrong. And often our feelings will tell us it is uncomfortable to do the right thing if it is hard.
Ethics is not religion. Many people are not religious, but ethics applies to everyone. Most religions do advocate high ethical standards but sometimes do not address all the types of problems we face.
• Ethics is not following the law. A good system of law does incorporate many ethical standards, but law can deviate from what is ethical. Law can become ethically corrupt, as some totalitarian regimes have made it..
A Framework for Thinking EthicallyThis document is designed as a.docxransayo
A Framework for Thinking Ethically
This document is designed as an introduction to thinking ethically. We all have an image of our better selves-of how we are when we act ethically or are "at our best." We probably also have an image of what an ethical community, an ethical business, an ethical government, or an ethical society should be. Ethics really has to do with all these levels-acting ethically as individuals, creating ethical organizations and governments, and making our society as a whole ethical in the way it treats everyone.What is Ethics?
Simply stated, ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves-as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionals, and so on.
It is helpful to identify what ethics is NOT:
· Ethics is not the same as feelings. Feelings provide important information for our ethical choices. Some people have highly developed habits that make them feel bad when they do something wrong, but many people feel good even though they are doing something wrong. And often our feelings will tell us it is uncomfortable to do the right thing if it is hard.
· Ethics is not religion. Many people are not religious, but ethics applies to everyone. Most religions do advocate high ethical standards but sometimes do not address all the types of problems we face.
· Ethics is not following the law. A good system of law does incorporate many ethical standards, but law can deviate from what is ethical. Law can become ethically corrupt, as some totalitarian regimes have made it. Law can be a function of power alone and designed to serve the interests of narrow groups. Law may have a difficult time designing or enforcing standards in some important areas, and may be slow to address new problems.
· Ethics is not following culturally accepted norms. Some cultures are quite ethical, but others become corrupt -or blind to certain ethical concerns (as the United States was to slavery before the Civil War). "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" is not a satisfactory ethical standard.
· Ethics is not science. Social and natural science can provide important data to help us make better ethical choices. But science alone does not tell us what we ought to do. Science may provide an explanation for what humans are like. But ethics provides reasons for how humans ought to act. And just because something is scientifically or technologically possible, it may not be ethical to do it.
Why Identifying Ethical Standards is Hard
There are two fundamental problems in identifying the ethical standards we are to follow:
1. On what do we base our ethical standards?
2. How do those standards get applied to specific situations we face?
If our ethics are not based on feelings, religion, law, accepted social practice, or science, what are they based on? Many philosophers and ethicists have helped us answer this critical question. They have suggested .
Self-Directed Support - International LearningCitizen Network
There are several myths about self-directed support and what makes it work effectively. This talk was for the Ministry of Health team and their partners and it tries to seperate out the myths from the helpful features of a new system.
- Government InvolvementBioethics Environmental Ethics.docxhoney725342
- Government Involvement
Bioethics: Environmental Ethics
Go here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GviNafYdS4 to view a video covering information about environmental ethics and how it relates to morality.
Reference
Leopold Foundation. (2012, June, 3). Bioethics and environmental value- How we reason about things that morally matter [Video]. Retrieved from the YouTube Web site: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GviNafYdS4
Social Contract Theory
Go here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHyn8MWssWc to view a video showing social contract theory from the conservative and liberal points of view. This video is approximately 7 minutes in length.
Reference
Storm Clouds Gathering. (2013, May, 30). The truth about the social contract [Video]. Retrieved from the YouTube Web site: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHyn8MWssWc
Rousseau and Social Contract
Go here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M40waSvXwBU to view a video that covers Rousseau's view on social contract theory. This video is approximately 12 minutes in length.
Reference
Alfred, J. (2010, October, 22). The classics: Rousseau -- Social contract [Video]. Retrieved from the YouTube Web site: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M40waSvXwBU
Laws and Ethics
Law is a system of principles and rules of human conduct prescribed by society and enforced by public authority. This definition applies to both criminal law and civil law. Ethics is the study of standards of conduct and moral judgment. When referring to a profession, ethics is the group's principles or code. Some may view the link between law and ethics as one to one—what is lawful is ethical and what is unlawful is unethical. This is not necessarily true. The law is the minimum performance that is expected in society. Professions demand that members comply with the law but simultaneously hold members to a higher standard. Thus, a profession's code of ethics may require its group's members to act in ways that are different from members of society. In this presentation, we examine ethics in the health professions by focusing first on human development and the foundation of law, and second, on reasoning in the world of values.
Human Value Development and the Foundation of Law
Moral philosophies and derivative principles provide a framework to hone and use a personal ethic to analyze and solve ethical problems. Like philosophers, clinicians and administrators are unlikely to agree fully with only one moral philosophy. Most will be eclectic in developing or reconsidering a personal ethic. In general, however, the principles of respect for persons, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice are useful in defining relationships among patients, managers, and organizations. These principles may carry different weights and take precedence over one another, depending on the issue being evaluated. Justice requires, however, that they be consistently ordered and weighted when similar problems are considered ...
1) You must clearly label the answer to each question.2) If you .docxjeremylockett77
1) You must clearly label the answer to each question.
2) If you are unable to draw diagrams in Microsoft Word, you may use scanned copies of hand drawn diagrams.
3) Word count: The suggested word limit for each sub-question is 200-250 words. (1200 to 1500 words altogether)
4) You must clearly acknowledge all sources using Harvard referencing system including the textbook.
Question 1 (a) Explain, with the aid of diagrams, how an outbreak of hostilities in the Middle East might be expected to impact the Australian markets for petrol and passenger cars with large engines that run on petrol. (6 marks)
(b) The latest electric car is expected to be released in Australia shortly at a very affordable price. What impact might this have on the market for cars which run on petrol? Justify your answer. (4 marks)
Question 2 (a) Australian government is encouraging young people to attend universities with a view to increase the proportion of educated youth workforce. While this policy certainly reduces the number of people available for work today it will increase their skills when they eventually complete their university degrees and enter the workforce. Use the production frontier model and graph to show the effects of such a policy on Australian output. (6 marks)
(b) What are the long-term determinants of economic growth and how can government influence economic growth. (4 marks)
Question 3 (a) Suppose the government is thinking of imposing a sales tax on all brands of cigarettes. What will be the likely impact of this tax on the price of cigarettes and who will bear the major burden of the tax? How will your answer change if the tax was imposed on the consumption of coffee instead? Explain with the help of appropriate diagrams. (6 marks)
(b) Coles and Woolworths dominate the Australian supermarket/grocery sector. Which type of market structure does this sector resemble? Provide a brief explanation. Based on the concepts learnt in this unit explain the likely reasons for the prevalence of this market structure in the Australian supermarket sector. (4 marks)
INTRODUCTION:
THINKING ETHICALLY A Framework for Moral Decision Making
***This article updates several previous pieces from Issues in Ethics by Manuel Velasquez - Dirksen Professor of Business Ethics at Santa Clara University and former Center director - and Claire Andre, associate Center director. "Thinking Ethically" is based on a framework developed by the authors in collaboration with Center Director Thomas Shanks, S.J., Presidential Professor of Ethics and the Common Good Michael J. Meyer, and others. The framework is used as the basis for many programs and presentations at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics.
TAKEN FROM: http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework.html
Moral issues greet us each morning in the newspaper, confront us in the memos on our desks, nag us from our children's soccer fields, and bid us good night on the evening news. We are bombarded da ...
INTRODUCTION THINKING ETHICALLY A Framework for Moral Decisio.docxnormanibarber20063
INTRODUCTION:
THINKING ETHICALLY A Framework for Moral Decision Making
***This article updates several previous pieces from Issues in Ethics by Manuel Velasquez - Dirksen Professor of Business Ethics at Santa Clara University and former Center director - and Claire Andre, associate Center director. "Thinking Ethically" is based on a framework developed by the authors in collaboration with Center Director Thomas Shanks, S.J., Presidential Professor of Ethics and the Common Good Michael J. Meyer, and others. The framework is used as the basis for many programs and presentations at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics.
TAKEN FROM: http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework.html
Moral issues greet us each morning in the newspaper, confront us in the memos on our desks, nag us from our children's soccer fields, and bid us good night on the evening news. We are bombarded daily with questions about the justice of our foreign policy, the morality of medical technologies that can prolong our lives, the rights of animals or perhaps the fairness of our children's teachers dealing with diverse students in their classrooms.
Dealing with these moral issues is often perplexing. How, exactly, should we think through an ethical issue? What questions should we ask? What factors should we consider?
WHAT IS ETHICS?
Simply stated, ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves-as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionals, and so on.
According to The National Institute of Health: “Ethics seeks to determine what a person should do, or the best course of action, and provides reasons why. It also helps people decide how to behave and treat one another, and what kinds of communities would be good to live in.”
“Bioethics is a subfield of ethics that explores ethical questions related to the life sciences. Bioethical analysis helps people make decisions about their behavior and about policy questions that governments, organizations, and communities must face when they consider how best to use new biomedical knowledge and innovation”.
WHAT ETHICS IS NOT:
• Ethics is not the same as feelings. Feelings provide important information for our ethical choices. Some people have highly developed habits that make them feel bad when they do something wrong, but many people feel good even though they are doing something wrong. And often our feelings will tell us it is uncomfortable to do the right thing if it is hard.
Ethics is not religion. Many people are not religious, but ethics applies to everyone. Most religions do advocate high ethical standards but sometimes do not address all the types of problems we face.
• Ethics is not following the law. A good system of law does incorporate many ethical standards, but law can deviate from what is ethical. Law can become ethically corrupt, as some totalitarian regimes have made it..
A Framework for Thinking EthicallyThis document is designed as a.docxransayo
A Framework for Thinking Ethically
This document is designed as an introduction to thinking ethically. We all have an image of our better selves-of how we are when we act ethically or are "at our best." We probably also have an image of what an ethical community, an ethical business, an ethical government, or an ethical society should be. Ethics really has to do with all these levels-acting ethically as individuals, creating ethical organizations and governments, and making our society as a whole ethical in the way it treats everyone.What is Ethics?
Simply stated, ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves-as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionals, and so on.
It is helpful to identify what ethics is NOT:
· Ethics is not the same as feelings. Feelings provide important information for our ethical choices. Some people have highly developed habits that make them feel bad when they do something wrong, but many people feel good even though they are doing something wrong. And often our feelings will tell us it is uncomfortable to do the right thing if it is hard.
· Ethics is not religion. Many people are not religious, but ethics applies to everyone. Most religions do advocate high ethical standards but sometimes do not address all the types of problems we face.
· Ethics is not following the law. A good system of law does incorporate many ethical standards, but law can deviate from what is ethical. Law can become ethically corrupt, as some totalitarian regimes have made it. Law can be a function of power alone and designed to serve the interests of narrow groups. Law may have a difficult time designing or enforcing standards in some important areas, and may be slow to address new problems.
· Ethics is not following culturally accepted norms. Some cultures are quite ethical, but others become corrupt -or blind to certain ethical concerns (as the United States was to slavery before the Civil War). "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" is not a satisfactory ethical standard.
· Ethics is not science. Social and natural science can provide important data to help us make better ethical choices. But science alone does not tell us what we ought to do. Science may provide an explanation for what humans are like. But ethics provides reasons for how humans ought to act. And just because something is scientifically or technologically possible, it may not be ethical to do it.
Why Identifying Ethical Standards is Hard
There are two fundamental problems in identifying the ethical standards we are to follow:
1. On what do we base our ethical standards?
2. How do those standards get applied to specific situations we face?
If our ethics are not based on feelings, religion, law, accepted social practice, or science, what are they based on? Many philosophers and ethicists have helped us answer this critical question. They have suggested .
Self-Directed Support - International LearningCitizen Network
There are several myths about self-directed support and what makes it work effectively. This talk was for the Ministry of Health team and their partners and it tries to seperate out the myths from the helpful features of a new system.
Ethics in Public AdministrationChapter Six.docxSANSKAR20
Ethics in Public Administration:
Chapter Six
1
MAINTAINING RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT
Personal Emphasis up to now
Cultivate an awareness of ethical dilemmas
Develop ways to conceptualize them
Practice ways to think about resolution
Need to consider organizational policy and management
Is a code enough?
Is a design better?
2
The Situational Context
Zimbardo’s The Lucifer Effect
Sensitive, caring students become brutal in a prison simulation
Trevino(1986) : individual and situational variables interact with cognitive component to determine how an individual will decide
Both job characteristics and organizational culture can contribute.
3
Internal and External Controls
Carl Friedrich: internal more important; Herman Finer: external institutional controls more.
Neither is sufficient alone; issue is emphasis.
Pay attention to more laws, management controls, performance evaluation tightening
Pay attention to counseling, training, professional codes of conduct.
The real issue: How to integrate the two
4
“Much Ado About Something”
What are the facts?
What are the principles involved?
What alternatives might resolve this?
5
External Controls
Max Weber (1946) “The honor of the civil servant is vested in his ability to execute conscientiously the order of the superior authorities, exactly as if the order agreed with his own conviction.”
They are “tools” of the organizations. Without Sympathy or Enthusiasm: The Problem of Administrative Compassion, Thompson (1975).
The problem is: the “tools” are people.
6
Ethics Legislation
Does the law define obligation; is personal discretion reduced?
Law is a collective ethical judgment, a moral minimum established by the political community.
Principles and priorities are still critical.
People still engage in ethical assessments of laws
Vary in seriousness, sophistication, legitimacy
7
Ethics Legislation
Started with Andrew Jackson’s sharing of the “spoils”
Influence peddling, information peddling, and public funds for personal gain were common
No “science of administration” or concept of “public servant”
After that many federal and state ethics laws and committees
8
Codes of Ethics
Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions online database
Some focus on peer esteem and have no formal enforcement
Others censure, suspend, or expel:
National Education Association (NEA)
International City/County Management Association (ICMA)
9
ASPA
Revised many times, awareness and use have increased
Enforcement not a part of it due to diverse membership
Tenents:
Serve the public interest
Respect the Constitution and the law
Demonstrate personal integrity
Promote ethical organizations
Strive for professional excellence
|
Click to view larger image
Stock photo
Cowboy Ethics: What Wall Street Can Learn From The Code Of The West by Owen, Ja
Sign in or register to save and
share this item.
Sign in or ...
· Write a response as directed to each of the three case studies aLesleyWhitesidefv
· Write a response as directed to each of the three case studies and save the document.
1- Analyze the ethical implications of a community health initiative to decrease the rate of teenage pregnancy by means of health education in the public schools. This community takes pride in its schools and is comprised of multiple ethnic, immigrant, religious and social groups. Use the following ethical principles in your analysis: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice.
Egalitarian
• The view that everyone is entitled to equal rights and equal treatment. Ideally, each person has an equal share of the goods of society, and it is the role of government to ensure that this happens. The government has the authority to redistribute wealth if necessary to ensure equal treatment. Thus egalitarians support welfare rights—that is, the right to receive certain social goods necessary to satisfy basic needs. These include adequate food, housing, education, and police and fire protection. Both practical and theoretical weaknesses are inherent in egalitarianism.
Libertarian
• The libertarian view of justice advocates for social and economic liberty. While egalitarianism lacks incentives for individuals, libertarianism emphasizes the contribution and merit of individuals (Beauchamp & Childress, 2013).
• Limited role of government
Liberal democratic
Attempts to develop a theory that values both liberty and equality
• Based on Rawl’s Theory of Justice and the “veil of ignorance.” Behind this veil, people (or their representatives) are unaware of social position, race, culture, doctrine, sex, endowments, or any other distinguishing circumstances (Rawls, 2001). This is known as the original position and is an exercise to address the inequalities and bargaining advantages that result from birth, natural endowments, and historical circumstances. Without these inequalities, all people are free and equal and can work together as citizens to decide what is fair and therefore just. Once impartiality is guaranteed, Rawls suggests all rational people will choose a system of justice containing the following two principles:
• Each person has the same claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic liberties, and this scheme is compatible with the same scheme of liberties for all.
• Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions: first, they are to be attached to offices and positions open all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity; and second, they are to be to the greatest benefit to the least advantaged members of society (the difference principle).
Box 7.2
Ethical Principles
Respect for autonomy: Based on human dignity and respect for individuals, autonomy requires that individuals be permitted to choose those actions and goals that fulfill their life plans unless those choices result in harm to another.
Nonmaleficence: Nonmaleficence requires that we do no harm. It is impossible to avoid harm entirely, but t ...
Running head NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH1NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH 1
NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH 2
Neighborhood Watch
Robert Rodriguez
AIU
21 Jan 17
When accessing the various issues that are going on in society, the public has been able to deal with various factors but one crime it’s still high and getting rid of it is proving to be a hard task. The policy that will be ideal for the society will be a policy that sensitize the society is the fact that burglary has been occurring every now and then and this is a worrying factor for it is gateway for more serious cries.in the recent past, the public has been suffering with a high number of burglaries which has been occurring when homeowners are not in town or when they are arriving late from work.
Burglaries have been estimated to occur during the early hours of the night and also during the late night. This is because s is normal for people to come home from travel late at night or during the early hours of the night and the neighbors will not be interested on checking what is going on. The policy wants the public to look for each other’s property and help the police to arrest the culprits and stop the crimes altogether. (Walker, 2011)
The policy is informed by the social control theory which works at ensuring that various institutions are resent to help the society to deter crime. Institutions include social places where people can work, religious centers and education centers which will help the people to be educated and also to be busy. Through the people society being busy they will have something to do and hence concentrate on the things that will better their lives. Asking people to be their neighbors who will also be helped by the fact that the social institutions that will be in society will help the public to know each other and form a relationship with each other (Walker, 2011). This will make it easier for the public to identify strangers in the neighborhood.
Anticipated benefits
The benefits that are expected from the policy will include an increase in social connections it where the society will engage with each the on more issues and develop better social policies that will not only increase safety in the society but more regulations that will help n improving the society conditions and value (Walker, 2011). Society gatherings help in formulating plans that will not only answer various questions but also in helping with arrangement and development of structural projects in the society helping with society planning’s.
There is also expected a reduction in idling as people are going to be engaged with other activities and through the provision of various social amenities. The social amenities will also rate employment for the people in society which will lead to a better standard of living in the community.
Benefits
Increased security and reduced crime as by reducing the crime rate and making people more away of what is going on their society will be one of the main benefits.by creating awareness; ...
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
Ethics in Public AdministrationChapter Six.docxSANSKAR20
Ethics in Public Administration:
Chapter Six
1
MAINTAINING RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT
Personal Emphasis up to now
Cultivate an awareness of ethical dilemmas
Develop ways to conceptualize them
Practice ways to think about resolution
Need to consider organizational policy and management
Is a code enough?
Is a design better?
2
The Situational Context
Zimbardo’s The Lucifer Effect
Sensitive, caring students become brutal in a prison simulation
Trevino(1986) : individual and situational variables interact with cognitive component to determine how an individual will decide
Both job characteristics and organizational culture can contribute.
3
Internal and External Controls
Carl Friedrich: internal more important; Herman Finer: external institutional controls more.
Neither is sufficient alone; issue is emphasis.
Pay attention to more laws, management controls, performance evaluation tightening
Pay attention to counseling, training, professional codes of conduct.
The real issue: How to integrate the two
4
“Much Ado About Something”
What are the facts?
What are the principles involved?
What alternatives might resolve this?
5
External Controls
Max Weber (1946) “The honor of the civil servant is vested in his ability to execute conscientiously the order of the superior authorities, exactly as if the order agreed with his own conviction.”
They are “tools” of the organizations. Without Sympathy or Enthusiasm: The Problem of Administrative Compassion, Thompson (1975).
The problem is: the “tools” are people.
6
Ethics Legislation
Does the law define obligation; is personal discretion reduced?
Law is a collective ethical judgment, a moral minimum established by the political community.
Principles and priorities are still critical.
People still engage in ethical assessments of laws
Vary in seriousness, sophistication, legitimacy
7
Ethics Legislation
Started with Andrew Jackson’s sharing of the “spoils”
Influence peddling, information peddling, and public funds for personal gain were common
No “science of administration” or concept of “public servant”
After that many federal and state ethics laws and committees
8
Codes of Ethics
Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions online database
Some focus on peer esteem and have no formal enforcement
Others censure, suspend, or expel:
National Education Association (NEA)
International City/County Management Association (ICMA)
9
ASPA
Revised many times, awareness and use have increased
Enforcement not a part of it due to diverse membership
Tenents:
Serve the public interest
Respect the Constitution and the law
Demonstrate personal integrity
Promote ethical organizations
Strive for professional excellence
|
Click to view larger image
Stock photo
Cowboy Ethics: What Wall Street Can Learn From The Code Of The West by Owen, Ja
Sign in or register to save and
share this item.
Sign in or ...
· Write a response as directed to each of the three case studies aLesleyWhitesidefv
· Write a response as directed to each of the three case studies and save the document.
1- Analyze the ethical implications of a community health initiative to decrease the rate of teenage pregnancy by means of health education in the public schools. This community takes pride in its schools and is comprised of multiple ethnic, immigrant, religious and social groups. Use the following ethical principles in your analysis: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice.
Egalitarian
• The view that everyone is entitled to equal rights and equal treatment. Ideally, each person has an equal share of the goods of society, and it is the role of government to ensure that this happens. The government has the authority to redistribute wealth if necessary to ensure equal treatment. Thus egalitarians support welfare rights—that is, the right to receive certain social goods necessary to satisfy basic needs. These include adequate food, housing, education, and police and fire protection. Both practical and theoretical weaknesses are inherent in egalitarianism.
Libertarian
• The libertarian view of justice advocates for social and economic liberty. While egalitarianism lacks incentives for individuals, libertarianism emphasizes the contribution and merit of individuals (Beauchamp & Childress, 2013).
• Limited role of government
Liberal democratic
Attempts to develop a theory that values both liberty and equality
• Based on Rawl’s Theory of Justice and the “veil of ignorance.” Behind this veil, people (or their representatives) are unaware of social position, race, culture, doctrine, sex, endowments, or any other distinguishing circumstances (Rawls, 2001). This is known as the original position and is an exercise to address the inequalities and bargaining advantages that result from birth, natural endowments, and historical circumstances. Without these inequalities, all people are free and equal and can work together as citizens to decide what is fair and therefore just. Once impartiality is guaranteed, Rawls suggests all rational people will choose a system of justice containing the following two principles:
• Each person has the same claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic liberties, and this scheme is compatible with the same scheme of liberties for all.
• Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions: first, they are to be attached to offices and positions open all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity; and second, they are to be to the greatest benefit to the least advantaged members of society (the difference principle).
Box 7.2
Ethical Principles
Respect for autonomy: Based on human dignity and respect for individuals, autonomy requires that individuals be permitted to choose those actions and goals that fulfill their life plans unless those choices result in harm to another.
Nonmaleficence: Nonmaleficence requires that we do no harm. It is impossible to avoid harm entirely, but t ...
Running head NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH1NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH 1
NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH 2
Neighborhood Watch
Robert Rodriguez
AIU
21 Jan 17
When accessing the various issues that are going on in society, the public has been able to deal with various factors but one crime it’s still high and getting rid of it is proving to be a hard task. The policy that will be ideal for the society will be a policy that sensitize the society is the fact that burglary has been occurring every now and then and this is a worrying factor for it is gateway for more serious cries.in the recent past, the public has been suffering with a high number of burglaries which has been occurring when homeowners are not in town or when they are arriving late from work.
Burglaries have been estimated to occur during the early hours of the night and also during the late night. This is because s is normal for people to come home from travel late at night or during the early hours of the night and the neighbors will not be interested on checking what is going on. The policy wants the public to look for each other’s property and help the police to arrest the culprits and stop the crimes altogether. (Walker, 2011)
The policy is informed by the social control theory which works at ensuring that various institutions are resent to help the society to deter crime. Institutions include social places where people can work, religious centers and education centers which will help the people to be educated and also to be busy. Through the people society being busy they will have something to do and hence concentrate on the things that will better their lives. Asking people to be their neighbors who will also be helped by the fact that the social institutions that will be in society will help the public to know each other and form a relationship with each other (Walker, 2011). This will make it easier for the public to identify strangers in the neighborhood.
Anticipated benefits
The benefits that are expected from the policy will include an increase in social connections it where the society will engage with each the on more issues and develop better social policies that will not only increase safety in the society but more regulations that will help n improving the society conditions and value (Walker, 2011). Society gatherings help in formulating plans that will not only answer various questions but also in helping with arrangement and development of structural projects in the society helping with society planning’s.
There is also expected a reduction in idling as people are going to be engaged with other activities and through the provision of various social amenities. The social amenities will also rate employment for the people in society which will lead to a better standard of living in the community.
Benefits
Increased security and reduced crime as by reducing the crime rate and making people more away of what is going on their society will be one of the main benefits.by creating awareness; ...
Similar to 2000-WORDS-LAW-ASSIGNMENT (4).docx (20)
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
Car Accident Injury Do I Have a Case....Knowyourright
Every year, thousands of Minnesotans are injured in car accidents. These injuries can be severe – even life-changing. Under Minnesota law, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury lawsuit.
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordinary And Special Businesses And Ordinary And Special Resolutions with Companies (Postal Ballot) Regulations, 2018
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
1. “WHY NOT HAVE FREE-FOR-ALL”
Based on the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a free-for-all is defined as a chaotic situation
resembling a free-for-all, especially lacking rules or structure. It is also a situation in which
several people or groups are trying to get something for themselves, and there needs to be
control over how they do it. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, a free-for-all is what is
going on in which individuals do what they need since there are no restrictions to stop them.
The free-for-all conveys an idea about freedom; It is the greatest gift God has given
us. Throughout the history of humanity, when God created Adam and Eve in paradise, there
was so-called "free will," and likely, the first couple had to enjoy the privilege of being in
human nature. Not in the situation where they are made as cyborgs or robots to obey such
commands being programmed by God. However, the first-ever commandment of God to
Adam and Eve are to prohibit them from eating the Tree of Knowledge of good and evil.
Therefore, the first-ever commandment is also the first law of God. But the first couple fell
and thus disobeyed God. In short, human nature has both good and evil natures. That is why
human beings are not always in the free-for-all mode. We cannot afford to be without the
rule of law; on the other hand, we also deserve to enjoy freedom. Therefore, we should
balance free-for-all and laws.
The idea of a "free for all" framework, wherein there are no principles, guidelines, or
limitations overseeing individual ways of behaving, has long caught the creative mind of
individuals looking for freedom and independence. However, upon closer examination, it
becomes evident that the implementation of such a system is fraught with complexities and
challenges. This essay delves into the multifaceted reasons why a "free for all" approach is
not practical or desirable in various contexts, including societal, economic, and
environmental.
2. 1. Lack of Order and Stability
One of the fundamental reasons why a "free for all" system is not advisable is
the absence of a structured framework that provides stability and order.
Societies rely on rules and regulations to maintain peace, protect individual
rights, and resolve disputes. Without such rules, chaos can ensue, leading to
conflict, violence, and insecurity. A lack of regulation can undermine social
cohesion and jeopardize the well-being of individuals.
2. Inequity and Exploitation
An unregulated system often results in the concentration of power and resources
in the hands of a few individuals or entities. Those with more resources or
influence can exploit the vulnerable without mechanisms to prevent exploitation.
This exacerbates socioeconomic disparities and limits opportunities for social
mobility, ultimately hindering societal progress.
3. Tragedy of the Commons
The "tragedy of the commons" is a well-documented phenomenon where shared
resources are overused and depleted due to the absence of property rights and
regulations. A "free for all" scenario would likely lead to unsustainable
exploitation of natural resources, environmental degradation, and biodiversity
loss. Without rules, individuals lack incentives to conserve resources for future
generations, resulting in long-term negative consequences for both people and
the planet.
4. Erosion of Trust
In a system devoid of regulations, individuals might be wary of engaging in
transactions or interactions due to the lack of predictability. Trust is a critical
foundation of any functioning society or economy, and its erosion can hinder
economic growth, trade, and cooperation. Regulations and laws provide a sense
of security and predictability, which, in turn, foster trust among individuals and
businesses.
3. 1. Diminished Public Goods
Public goods, such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare, often require
collective efforts to be maintained and developed. A "free for all" system may
lead to underinvestment in these areas, as individuals may prioritize their
immediate interests over the long-term benefits of public goods. The lack of
regulations can hamper the provision of essential services to all members of
society.
2. Unchecked Negative Externalities
Negative externalities, which are unintended adverse consequences of
individual actions on third parties, are prevalent in an unregulated system.
Without mechanisms to internalize these externalities, individuals may engage in
behaviour’s that harm others without being held accountable. For instance,
unchecked pollution, overproduction, or unsafe practices can have far-reaching
societal and environmental consequences.
3. Undermined Innovation and Creativity
While some argue that a "free for all" environment fosters innovation, it can also
lead to chaos that stifles creativity. Regulations and intellectual property
protection incentivize individuals and businesses to invest time and resources
into developing new ideas, products, and technologies. In their absence,
innovators might hesitate to share their creations, fearing unscrupulous copying
or exploitation.
4. Lack of Social Safety
Nets Regulations often include provisions for social safety nets, such as
unemployment benefits, healthcare access, and worker protections. These
safety nets provide a cushion against unexpected challenges and promote
social welfare. In a "free for all" system, individuals might be left to fend for
themselves without adequate support, leading to increased vulnerability and
instability.
4. Here are some alternatives and principles that can contribute to such an approach:
Smart Regulation: Implement regulations that are targeted and well-designed to address
specific issues without stifling innovation or individual freedoms. Focus on outcomes rather
than rigid rules.
Incentive Structures: Design incentives that encourage responsible behavior. Reward
positive contributions to society, the economy, and the environment, which can motivate
individuals and entities to act responsibly.
Collaborative Governance: Foster collaboration between governments, businesses,
communities, and other stakeholders. Encourage open dialogue and partnerships to
collectively develop and implement regulations and solutions.
Ethical Frameworks: Establish ethical guidelines that guide decision-making. Encourage
businesses and individuals to consider societal and environmental implications when
pursuing their goals.
Voluntary Standards: Promote the adoption of voluntary standards and certifications that
demonstrate commitment to responsible practices. This allows individuals and organizations
to differentiate themselves based on their ethical and sustainable choices.
Education and Awareness: Increase awareness and understanding of the importance of
responsible behavior. Educate individuals and organizations about the benefits of complying
with regulations and adopting sustainable practices.
Adaptive Regulations: Develop regulations that can adapt to changing circumstances
and technological advancements. Flexibility in regulations can help avoid becoming obsolete
and accommodate evolving needs.
Innovation Support: Invest in research and development that focuses on sustainable
solutions. Provide resources and support for innovative ideas that align with societal and
environmental well-being.
5. Transparency and Accountability: Require transparency in reporting practices. Hold
individuals and organizations accountable for their actions by ensuring they disclose their
impact on society, economy, and the environment.
Local Empowerment: Empower local communities to make decisions that affect them
directly. Decentralized decision-making can lead to more tailored solutions that respect
cultural and regional differences.
Circular Economy: Promote a circular economy where resources are used efficiently and
waste is minimized. This approach encourages sustainable production and consumption
patterns.
Market-Based Approaches: Implement market-based mechanisms such as carbon
pricing, which internalize the costs of negative externalities and encourage more responsible
behavior.
By integrating these principles and approaches, societies can find a balance between
regulations, individual autonomy, and creativity. This can lead to a more harmonious and
sustainable way of addressing the multifaceted challenges faced by societies, economies,
and the environment.
CONCLUSION
The term "free for all" refers to a situation or event characterized by chaos, lack of order, and
unrestricted competition or participation. In a "free for all," individuals or entities are typically
allowed to act without constraints or rules, often resulting in a disorderly and intense
scramble for resources, opportunities, or advantages. This can lead to a competitive and
unregulated environment where participants often act in a self-interested manner, sometimes
at the expense of others. The concept is commonly used to describe situations where there
is no clear structure or organization, and participants are left to fend for themselves with
minimal oversight or regulation. It can be applied to various contexts, such as competitions,
debates, markets, and even social interactions.
6. In summary, while the idea of a "free for all" system might seem enticing on the surface, a
closer examination reveals that its implementation is fraught with challenges and negative
consequences. The lack of order, stability, and regulation can lead to inequity, exploitation,
environmental degradation, and the erosion of trust. Public goods, innovation, and social
safety nets are likely to suffer in the absence of a structured framework. Ultimately, a
balanced approach that incorporates regulations while respecting individual autonomy and
creativity appears to be a more sustainable and beneficial way to address the complex
needs of societies, economies, and the environment.
In conclusion, embracing a balanced approach that harmonizes regulations with the values
of individual autonomy and creativity emerges as a promising and advantageous strategy for
addressing the intricate demands of contemporary societies, economies, and the
environment. By striking this equilibrium, we acknowledge the vital role regulations play in
maintaining order, ensuring fairness, and safeguarding collective well-being. Simultaneously,
we honor the inherent capacity of individuals to innovate, adapt, and contribute to positive
change.
This approach recognizes that overly rigid regulations can stifle innovation, impede growth,
and hinder the emergence of creative solutions to complex challenges. Conversely, an
absence of regulations can lead to disorder, exploitation, and the neglect of vital social and
environmental considerations. By thoughtfully integrating regulations that are streamlined,
adaptive, and informed by ethical principles, we can create an environment that fosters
responsible entrepreneurship, encourages sustainable practices, and supports dynamic
growth.
Furthermore, this balanced approach underlines the significance of individual autonomy as a
wellspring of diverse perspectives and innovative ideas. Respecting autonomy promotes a
sense of ownership, engagement, and responsibility among individuals and organizations,
contributing to a sense of collective purpose and collaboration. At the same time, it's
important to recognize that unchecked autonomy can lead to negative externalities that harm
communities and ecosystems. Hence, thoughtful regulations provide the necessary
guardrails to guide individual actions toward constructive outcomes.
7. In navigating this path, we acknowledge that societal progress is intrinsically linked to the
preservation of our natural environment. A balanced approach not only promotes sustainable
economic growth but also ensures the responsible use of resources, minimizes
environmental degradation, and addresses the urgent need for ecological preservation.
Ultimately, the pursuit of a balanced approach that integrates regulations with individual
autonomy and creativity signifies a commitment to sustainable development, innovation, and
social progress. By embracing this nuanced strategy, we can meet the complex challenges
of our time while fostering a harmonious coexistence between human endeavors, societal
well-being, and the intricate ecosystems that support life on our planet.
In the intricate tapestry of modern existence, the quest for equilibrium has emerged as a
guiding principle—a beacon of wisdom that illuminates the path toward addressing the
intricate needs of our societies, economies, and environment. The call for a balanced
approach—one that seamlessly weaves together the threads of regulations, individual
autonomy, and creativity—resonates as a harmonious symphony of progress and
responsibility.
In this pursuit, we recognize that regulations are not mere constraints, but rather the
guardians of fairness, order, and ethical conduct. They establish the foundation upon which
societies are built, offering a framework that upholds shared values and safeguards the
vulnerable. Yet, the canvas of progress would remain incomplete without the vibrant strokes
of individual autonomy and creativity. It is within the realm of autonomy that ideas take flight,
innovations are born, and the tapestry evolves with threads of ingenuity.
Yet, as we celebrate the spirit of autonomy, we do not tread into the realm of unchecked
chaos. Here, the role of regulations emerges as a steady hand guiding the artist's brush—a
touch that ensures the masterpiece remains coherent and purposeful. By infusing
regulations with adaptability, ethical considerations, and a commitment to sustainable
growth, we forge a path that elevates individual contributions while safeguarding the greater
good.
8. As we gaze toward the horizon of possibility, we recognize that this balanced approach does
more than harmonize seemingly opposing forces; it constructs a bridge—a bridge
connecting the aspirations of individuals with the aspirations of societies, economies, and
the environment. It is a bridge where mutual respect and collaboration enable progress that
transcends the limitations of isolated pursuits.
In these times of complexity and uncertainty, we find assurance in the potential of balance—
a potential that propels us toward solutions that honor the multifaceted nature of our world.
As we tread this path, let us draw inspiration from the delicate interplay of regulations,
individual autonomy, and creativity—a symphony that, when orchestrated with wisdom,
resounds as a testament to our capacity to forge a sustainable and harmonious future.