This document discusses healthy and unhealthy habits. It outlines the benefits of physical activity, rest, a balanced diet, and good hygiene. Regular exercise improves heart health, respiratory function, muscles, and the nervous system. Proper sleep and nutrition are also important for well-being. Unhealthy habits like smoking, drugs, excess alcohol, and obesity can negatively impact health and cause illnesses. Maintaining a active lifestyle and avoiding risky behaviors promotes overall health and wellness.
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, a lot of people
live without doing any kind
of physical exercise, this can
be dangerous for our health
and so we need to practice
some physical activity.
A sedentary lifestyle implies
the absence of this physical
activity:
1. Atrophy of the body functions.
2. A worse physical state.
3. You’ll suffer from more illnesses
4. You’ll put on weight.
4. HEALTHY HABITS
Physical Activity WHICH BENEFITS DO WE
OBTAIN WHEN WE PRACTISE A
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
REGULARLY?
1. A better working of the heart and
the circulatory system.
2. It improves the respiratory
capacity.
3. It improves our muscles, bones
and joints.
4. It improves the activity of the
nervous system.
5. It improves the PHYSICAL
CONDITION.
6. It helps you to make friends.
5. HEALTHY HABITS
Rest
It’s necessary to keep enough
time to sleep. Otherwise:
1. Your quality of life will get
worse.
2. Your productivity will be
reduced.
3. You’ll suffer from more
physical and psychological
damage.
4. You won’t pay attention to
what happens around you.
Sleep for as long as necessary (7
hours)
Don’t take either long siestas or
very close to the time of sleeping.
(these siestas must be for 15 or 20
minutes)
Physical activity, if you get tired, it
will be easier to sleep.
Think about positive things, leave
aside the negative thoughts.
Sleep in the darkness.
Choose a fixed time to get up every
day.
6. HEALTHY HABITS
Corret diet
START YOUR DAY WITH A
GOOD BREAKFAST,
you need energy to study, do
exercise, enjoy….
The nutrients we get from food are:
1. Carbohydrates. They provide mainly energy and
they are very important for students and athletes.
They are found in cereals, bread, sugar, vegetables
and fruit. The proportion of carbohydrates in the
diet is 60%.
2. Proteins. They are found in milk, fish, meat,
eggs…either the abuse or the lack of them are
harmful. The proportion is 15 %.
3. Fats. They provide energy. It’s better to eat
uncooked fats and to avoid fats form animal
origins and fried products. Olive oil and blue fish
are very healthy. The proportion of fats in the diet
must be 25-30%. It’s advisable not to take too
many fats because they’re fattening.
4. Vitamins and minerals. Some vitamins are only
present in some vegetables and fruit, so, it’s
important to eat them.
5. Water is essential for life. You must drink a
great quantity of water after a physical activity.
During a long physical exercise you must drink as
well but every now and then.
7. HEALTHY HABITS
Body Hygiene
Go to the doctor and make sure you don’t
have physical problems.
Wear the right clothes for the activity.
Wear sports clothes
Avoid useless accessories (rings, watches,
dangerous earrings…)
Wear trainers. Tie them up correctly.
Wait for 2 hours after eating before
starting any kind of physical activity.
Do a good warm up.
FAIR PLAY.
Get washed after the exercise, clean your
sweat.
Drink enough water and if possible, eat
some fruit (not sweets or snacks).
9. Tobacco causes in Spain
about 40000 deaths every
year.
It brings about plenty of
illnesses such as lung or
mouth cancer, cough or
heart attacks.
Besides, tobacco damages
not only to smokers but
also to people who breathe
in the smoke.
Remember: Law protects non
smokers. It’s forbidden to
smoke in schools, hospitals
or in any kind of enclosed
public places.
10. Alcohol is the most
consumed toxic
substance in our
society.
It limits our body
functions, above all
brain functions.
It damages our
nervous system and
makes us slower.
It causes loss of
memory, heart
illnesses…
11. The cannabis. Its by-
products are the hashish
and the marijuana. When
smoking it, it’s absorbed
by the lungs and go fast
to the brain.
Problems you may have:
1. Problems in the
capacity of
concentration and with
your memory.
2. It reduces the
coordination.
3. Change the sexual
maturing hormones.
12. Obesity or overweight are defined as
a great accumulation of fats that can
be damaging for your health.
According to WHO (World Health
Organization) in 2005 there were
1600 million adults with overweight
and at least 400 million with obesity.
The WHO estimates that, by 2015
there will be 2300 million adults with
overweight and more than 700 with
obesity.
Causes of obesity
The main cause is a nutritional
disorder between what you eat and
what you burn up. Factors:
A worldwide change in the diet
eating food with a great quantity of
calories (fats and sugars) but few
vitamins and minerals.
We tend to reduce our physical
activity due to sedentary nature of
many jobs or to several changes in
transport.
1. Obesity and overweight have
serious consequences for your
health:
2. Cardiovascular illnesses.
3. Diabetes.
4. Osteoarthritis
5. Cancer.