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2) Biological aspects of the teratogen effects: Describe the congenital defects, disorders, adverse
health outcomes, or neurobehavioral deficits associated with prenatal exposure to the teratogen.
What organs or tissues are mostly affected? What are the most sensitive periods of prenatal
development for the types of defects/outcomes described above?
b. For one of the defects or adverse outcomes described above, describe a potential underlying
biological mechanism for the teratogenic effects during development (usually these data come
from animal studies). Be specific in your description of the biological mechanism (e.g. death of
cells in a certain part of the brain leading to severe intellectual disability, decrease in nutrient
transport across the placenta leading to very low birth weight, etc)

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