This is a study of the Holy Spirit in his many characters and works, and set up in alphabetical order so as to be easy to find the subject you most want to view. Many different authors are quoted.
Hello,I have a total of 11 Discussion Boards I need completed by T.docxjeniihykdevara
Hello,
I have a total of 11 Discussion Boards I need completed by Thursday, February 25 (48 hours). Each Discussion Board should be between 2 or 2.5 paragraphs! I'm willing to pay up to $5 USD per paragraph for a total of $90- $110 total for all Discussion Boards! The assignments are really opinionated versus that of a research paper.
Here are the assignments:
Discussion Board #1:
Topic: Introduction, the Trinity, One God and Divine Revelation, World Religions
What is the Holy Trinity? Christian churchgoers hear the words of Christ proclaimed: "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them all that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, to the close of the age." (Matthew 28:29-20) Scripture refers regularly to God as Father (Mt. 5:58)., as Son (Heb. 1:1-3), and Spirit (Rom. 5:50). Yet Scripture also tells us that God is One: (Deut. 6:4). In these passages, God is telling us about Who He is. We will learn over the semester what Catholic tradition, and other Christians, have believed about the mystery of the Trinity--and its implications for our life of faith and life in society.
One thing that tells us about the difference of the Christian God, is that He upholds a world that has a history. Time moves forward in a line, headed for a final consummation where He comes again, raises the dead, and ushers in an eternal kingdom. We'll look into key Christian themes such as original sin and our redemption in Christ, and the Biblical evidence for the Trinity, over the next few weeks. Here, I want to distinguish the Christian One God clearly from other religious portraits. This will help us in studying what it means for One God to also be Three.
Assignment:
What particularly interested you, or maybe seems in need of further explanation or clarification, in this week's material?
Discussion Board #2:
Topic: Monotheism; the Jewish Bible; Divine Fatherhood, Word, Wisdom, and Spirit
What strikes me most about Judaism is that it claims to be God acting in history. This religion is specifically not local, and it is very particular. The Lord God chooses a man, to leave his home and beget a nation, which will be the witness of the Lord's ways to the rest of humanity. The Lord God reveals Himself to humanity, and calls out a chosen people as His bride and witness. The idea is that all of humanity can know who He is. He is His Word that He reveals to Moses on Mount Sinai. This is a religion of Divine self-disclosure.
Also, the Scriptures show that the One God acts and is manifest in ways that seem like distinct persons. God watches Israel like a Father and is husband to Israel as a bride (but He does NOT have a 'consort goddess,' He is the One God). He makes Israel a family through a series of covenants by which the two bind themselves to each other irrevocably. In the words of my colleague Scott Hahn, the Lord gives Israel kinship by covenant.
This is a study of the Holy Spirit in his many characters and works, and set up in alphabetical order so as to be easy to find the subject you most want to view. Many different authors are quoted.
Hello,I have a total of 11 Discussion Boards I need completed by T.docxjeniihykdevara
Hello,
I have a total of 11 Discussion Boards I need completed by Thursday, February 25 (48 hours). Each Discussion Board should be between 2 or 2.5 paragraphs! I'm willing to pay up to $5 USD per paragraph for a total of $90- $110 total for all Discussion Boards! The assignments are really opinionated versus that of a research paper.
Here are the assignments:
Discussion Board #1:
Topic: Introduction, the Trinity, One God and Divine Revelation, World Religions
What is the Holy Trinity? Christian churchgoers hear the words of Christ proclaimed: "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them all that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, to the close of the age." (Matthew 28:29-20) Scripture refers regularly to God as Father (Mt. 5:58)., as Son (Heb. 1:1-3), and Spirit (Rom. 5:50). Yet Scripture also tells us that God is One: (Deut. 6:4). In these passages, God is telling us about Who He is. We will learn over the semester what Catholic tradition, and other Christians, have believed about the mystery of the Trinity--and its implications for our life of faith and life in society.
One thing that tells us about the difference of the Christian God, is that He upholds a world that has a history. Time moves forward in a line, headed for a final consummation where He comes again, raises the dead, and ushers in an eternal kingdom. We'll look into key Christian themes such as original sin and our redemption in Christ, and the Biblical evidence for the Trinity, over the next few weeks. Here, I want to distinguish the Christian One God clearly from other religious portraits. This will help us in studying what it means for One God to also be Three.
Assignment:
What particularly interested you, or maybe seems in need of further explanation or clarification, in this week's material?
Discussion Board #2:
Topic: Monotheism; the Jewish Bible; Divine Fatherhood, Word, Wisdom, and Spirit
What strikes me most about Judaism is that it claims to be God acting in history. This religion is specifically not local, and it is very particular. The Lord God chooses a man, to leave his home and beget a nation, which will be the witness of the Lord's ways to the rest of humanity. The Lord God reveals Himself to humanity, and calls out a chosen people as His bride and witness. The idea is that all of humanity can know who He is. He is His Word that He reveals to Moses on Mount Sinai. This is a religion of Divine self-disclosure.
Also, the Scriptures show that the One God acts and is manifest in ways that seem like distinct persons. God watches Israel like a Father and is husband to Israel as a bride (but He does NOT have a 'consort goddess,' He is the One God). He makes Israel a family through a series of covenants by which the two bind themselves to each other irrevocably. In the words of my colleague Scott Hahn, the Lord gives Israel kinship by covenant.
A study on Vatican second : God's Revelation Lijo Baby cmi
Revelation is the personal self- Communication of God:-
Church’s Role in mediating revelation in today’s world.
faith as a response to Divine Revelation:
2. Framework Graphic Candidates will create a graphic that re.docxherminaprocter
2. Framework Graphic
Candidates will create a graphic that reflects an understanding of a conceptual/theoretical framework (preferably related to their dissertation topic). In a graphic, candidates’ creations should clearly represent their vision of the framework and include 1 – 2 paragraphs on how the dependent and independent variables are evidenced.
Dissertation topic that I submitted is in the attachment that has a file name as Survey -27
.
2. Research Article Review – Read one (1) research articles on T.docxherminaprocter
2. Research Article Review
–
Read one (1) research articles on Therapeutic Recreation in Long Term Center or a specific treatment
modality/facilitation technique appropriate for older population in a long term care setting (e.g., assisted living, nursing home, etc.) and write a reaction paper based on guide questions. Must be 3 pages minimum. No plagiarism. Must have knowledge in Therapeutic Recreation Major and modalities.
Attached is an
EXAMPLE
of what I am looking for.
.
2) In examining Document 4 and Document 6, how did the.docxherminaprocter
2)
In examining
Document 4
and
Document 6
, how did the onset of the Cold War redefine what it meant to be an American? What role do these documents suggest loyal citizens play in waging war against Communism? In examining the political cartoon (
Document 5
), how does the artist critique the “anti-subversive” efforts that took place during the Second Red Scare? In what ways does the McCarthy era continue to influence American society?
3)
The turbulent 1960s saw numerous attempts to identify the root problems within American society and the role of citizens in resolving them. In examining
Document 7
,
Document 8
, and
Document 9
, what common problems are identified within American society? What are some of the differences? What role did each of these documents suggest Americans should play in achieving social justice? Are their arguments persuasive? Why or why not?
4)
The last several decades of the Twentieth Century saw the emergence of new groups of Americans claiming rights as citizens. To what extent does the failure of the Equal Rights Amendment (
Document 10
) to be ratified, but the signing of Title IX (
Document 11
) into law, signal about the changing role and rights of women in modern America? After reading President George H.W. Bush’s remarks (
Document 12
), why do you believe it took so long for the country to acknowledge and protect the rights of the disabled?
5)
How does Maya Angelou’s inauguration poem (
Document 13
) reflect upon the identity of “hyphenated Americans” by the early 1990s? In reading
Document 14
, how does President-Elect Barack Obama define Americanism? Looking back over documents 1-13, did his election, as the first person of color to become President of the United States, resolve the questions and crises surrounding the definition of an American citizen? In a post-9/11 world, has America progressed in its inclusiveness? Why or why not?
.
2. Sandra is a parent who believes that play is just entertainment f.docxherminaprocter
2. Sandra is a parent who believes that play is just entertainment for children, whereas Petra is a parent who believes that play is developmentally beneficial for children. Which is likely to be true about Sandra and Petra?
Group of answer choices
A. Sandra’s children are more likely to have richer imaginations than Petra’s children.
B. Sandra is less likely than Petra to encourage pretend play.
C. Petra is more likely than Sandra to encourage associative play.
D. Petra is less likely than Sandra to provide props for her children to play with.
3. Three-year-old Aiko is pretending that her teddy bear is going to the beach and places a paper plate on the teddy bear’s head as a “hat.” Aiko is demonstrating...
Group of answer choices
A. dual representation
B. egocentrism
C. centration
D. animistic thinking
5.
Nikki and Anna are both running for class president. When Anna wins the election, Nikki is jealous and spreads rumors about Anna. Nikki is displaying .. (pick below.......) aggression
A. verbal
B."reactive",
C"physical",
D"proactive"]
6. Kris has a preschool-age daughter named Leila. When Kris gives Leila three cookies and asks her to count them, Leila points to each cookie, one-by-one, and says, “One, two, three.” When Kris asks Leila, “How many cookies do you have?” Leila proudly answers, “Three!” Leila is demonstrating an understanding of...
Group of answer choices
A. Cardinality
B.arithmetic
C. quantity comparisons
D. Ordinality
.
2.2 Discussion What Is LeadershipGetting StartedR.docxherminaprocter
2.2 Discussion: What Is Leadership
Getting Started
Recognizing good organizational leader characteristics is important, not only to ensure that your leadership style is benefiting the organization but also to identify these characteristics in others so they can provide the greatest service to the organization.
This assignment is a continuation of material from Chapter 1 and your 1.2 Discussion. This material will help you understand organizational leader characteristics as you consider and defend your perspectives and consider those of your peers.
Upon successful completion of this discussion, you will be able to:
Evaluate leadership styles.
Resources
Textbook:
Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience
Background Information
In this discussion, you will consider the various definitions of leadership as provided in the textbook from the authors' review of literature in the field of leadership. You will also explore the concept of leadership as both rational and emotional as well as the differences between the roles of a manager versus the roles of a leader.
The concept of followership is also introduced in this assignment's reading from the textbook, as well as the growing role of women in leadership positions and responsibilities.
Instructions
Review the rubric to make sure you understand the criteria for earning your grade.
Review Chapter 1, "What Do We Mean by Leadership?", in our textbook. As you review, reflect upon the definitions of leadership and how these definitions and other aspects of leadership add to your prior understanding of a leader's role in an organization.
Conduct a critical analysis of the postings by two of your classmates from the posts submitted in 1.2 by the end of the workshop and should be written as if you were reviewing their posting in an academic journal. Your discussion response should, therefore, answer the following questions as applicable:
Were three leadership definitions clearly defined with examples and clear, insightful critical thinking? Comment on two of the three definitions of leadership presented in the post of your classmates. Do you agree or disagree with their interpretation of the definition of leadership? Provide rationale from personal examples or subject matter expert opinions.
Did the discussion of leadership as an art or a science include a detailed explanation that demonstrates clear, insightful critical thinking? Review your classmates' posts. Does their explanation support defining leadership as either an “art” or a “science”? Explain.
Was the concept of spiritual gifts effectively discussed, relating the concept to that of leadership styles?
In addition to commenting on the critical thinking displayed in the post, offer your comments on the original post and provide your overall agreement or disagreement with the poster’s concept of leadership. Your response to each question above should be one paragraph in length and cite one academic source.
.
2. You are a member of the Human Resource Department of a medium-si.docxherminaprocter
2. You are a member of the Human Resource Department of a medium-sized organization that is implementing a new interorganizational system that will impact employees, customers, and suppliers. Your manager has requested that you work with the system development team to create a communications plan for the project. He would like to meet with you in two hours to review your thoughts on the KEY OBJECTIVES OF THE COMMUNICATIONS PLAN. What should those objectives be?
.
2.1. What is Strategic Human Resource Management Differentiate bet.docxherminaprocter
2.1. What is Strategic Human Resource Management? Differentiate between strategic context and HR as a profit center. What are the Strategic Human Management tools, metrics used in managing human resources, and strategy-base metrics?
2.2. What can managers do to improve employee engagement and how to measure it?
3.1. What is job analysis? Describe at least four methods for collecting data. Also, what are competencies and how to write competencies?
.
2,___Use of no less than six slides and no more than seven .docxherminaprocter
2,___Use of no less than six slides and no more than seven:
a. An introductory slide with the title or research question and your name and student number.
b. The remaining 4-5 pieces of information will be responsible for answering the information question:
What was the impact of ________en the history of _________?
c. An APA-style bibliography slide.
3.__one or more than another image in the power point related to the theme. One of these images may be the image of the neighbor being investigated.
4.__Bibliografía (no less than 4 references: Two from the Internet, one from one book and one from an interview- APA style)
7. ___write in your own words. No copy paste.
8. __ (Correct spelling and punctuation and note that the writing is yours and not a copy paste from the Internet or a book). Check the work before delivering it with this same check list.
V. Depth
9.__Desarrollo of the research question. Answer it through the power point presentation.
10. __ Depth in the study. Copy paste is not accepted. Any plagiarism (may be: copy a concept, even a sentence, whose intellectual author is not you, invalidates this research- see the university's politics regarding plagiarism). Each criterion is worth ten points.
¿Cómo impacta la novela a la historia de Puerto Rico?
Yeralis M. Rivera Arguinzoni
B00569846
Dra. Vilma Pizarro
Historia de Puerto rico
Universidad Interamericana Recinto de Barranquitas
Comienzos de la novela en Puerto Rico
La literatura en Puerto Rico comienza a finales del siglo XIX.
Movimiento del romanticismo( Europa: Alemania, Inglaterra y España)
Géneros literarios: Poesía, teatro, ensayo y narrativa( novela, cuentos, leyendas, etc.).
La novela es el último género en llegar a Puerto Rico y a América.
En estas novelas trataban los temas de: el amor a la patria, el destino, la muerte, Dios y el progreso, entre otros.
La primera novela puertorriqueña
Hay dos teorías sobre la primer novela puertorriqueña:
Luz y Sombra(1893) = Escrita por Ana Roque de Duprey, primera novela escrita en Puerto Rico.
“La Peregrinación de Bayoán”(1863) = Escrita por Eugenio María de Hostos, primera novela escrita por un puertorriqueño pero es escrita en España. Esta es la mas aceptada como la primera novela puertorriqueña. Su tema principal era la lucha por la identidad del puertorriqueño. Ideas políticas y sociales de Hostos luego del grito de Lares y el grito de Yara(Cuba), fueron expresadas en esta novela.
Otros escritores importantes de la época
Manuel Zeno Gandía = Considerado como el más grande novelista de Puerto Rico. Sus obras: “La Charca”, “Garduña” y “El Negocio”, conocidas como “Crónicas de un mundo enfermo”, se escriben ya bajo el naturalismo. Presentan a un Puerto Rico enfermo y la situación crítica de un Puerto Rico abandonado por España.
Enrique A. Laguerre = Sus obras más importantes: “La Resaca” y “La llamarada”. Sus obras presentan la pésima situación de vida del campesinado a finales del siglo XIX.
.
2. Multicultural Interview Paper Students may begin this.docxherminaprocter
2.
Multicultural Interview Paper
Students may begin this assignment by selecting an individual from a culture differing from their own. This may be any culture or subgroup covered in the course content, such as adolescents, elderly adults, and persons with disabilities.
Students are not limited to these groups.
Students will create a series of interview questions focused on issues and concerns pertinent to the culture or subgroup
. Interview questions are to be specific and designed to help the student learn more about the culture or subgroup as it relates to Addictions & course studies. Students may use their text book and other course resources as guidelines for developing questions. Students should develop a minimum of eight-10 interview questions.
Students
must
submit interview questions to the course instructor and receive approval of the questions before proceeding with the assignment.
Students will then use these approved questions during the interview with the consenting individual and write a two page summarization of the questions with the answers received by the individual. The paper must be in question/answer format.
.
2-4A summary of your findings regarding sexual orientation and.docxherminaprocter
2-4
A summary of your findings regarding sexual orientation and its impact on life-span development, including findings from the resources and from the journal article(s) you selected during your research
An explanation of how you might apply your findings to social work practice
.
2- to 4A description of the services in your local communi.docxherminaprocter
2- to 4
A description of the services in your local community that support individuals in later adulthood
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the services you identified
A description of service gaps you identified
An explanation of how to improve existing services
A description of services that should be added, and why
.
2 or more paragraphAs previously noted, the Brocks have some of.docxherminaprocter
2 or more paragraph
As previously noted, the Brocks have some of their investment portfolio in conservative stocks. These equities have had very slow growth while regularly paying a small dividend.
Pam and Josh have received several emails recently with suggestions about various biotechnology, retailing, and environmental companies. The investment advisers believe that these industries would provide an opportunity for strong long-term financial gains.
In recent years, the Brocks have made extensive use of mutual funds in their investment portfolio. However, they are concerned that their selection of the funds may not be coordinated. With over 9,200 different mutual funds available, this financial marketplace is confusing.
The Brocks start the evaluation process by connecting various types of mutual funds to their investments goals. Next, they assess the past performance and management of the funds. Finally, they talk with various financial advisers and other investors to gather additional information.
Life Situation
Pam, 43
Josh, 45
3 Children, ages 16, 14 and 11
Financial Data
Monthly income$4,900 / Living expenses$4,450/ Assets$262,700/ Liabilities$84,600/ Emergency Fund$5,000
Q1. According to Pam, "We both know we should have started our investment program sooner, but we always seemed to have 'emergencies' that took what extra money we had." To what extent should the Brocks invest in stocks as a major portion of their investment portfolio?
.
2-1 IntroductionUber Technologies Inc. (Uber) is a tech startu.docxherminaprocter
2-1 Introduction
Uber Technologies Inc. (Uber) is a tech startup that provides ride-sharing services by
facilitating a connection between independent contractors (drivers) and riders with the use
of an app. Uber has expanded its operations to 425 cities in 72 countries around the world
and is valued at around $70 billion, making it the world’s most valuable startup.
Approximately 30 million users use Uber’s services monthly. Uber has become a key player
in the sharing economy, a new economic model in which independent contractors rent out
their underutilized resources such as vehicles or lodging to other consumers. The sharing
economy is quickly becoming an alternative to owning resources outright. Because its
services cost less than taking a traditional taxi, Uber and similar ride-sharing services have
upended the taxi industry. The company has experienced resounding success and is
looking toward expansion both internationally and within the United States.
However, Uber’s rapid success is creating challenges in the form of legal and regulatory,
social, and technical obstacles. The taxi industry, for instance, is arguing that Uber has an
unfair advantage because it does not face the same licensing requirements as they do.
Others accuse Uber of not vetting their drivers, creating potentially unsafe situations. Some
major cities are banning ride-sharing services like Uber because of these various concerns.
Additionally, Uber has faced various lawsuits, including a lawsuit filed by its independent
contractors. Its presence in the market has influenced lawmakers to draft new regulations to
govern this “app-driven” ride-sharing system. Legislation can often hinder a company’s
expansion opportunities because of the resources it must expend to comply with regulatory
requirements. Uber has been highly praised for giving independent contractors an opportunity to earn money as long as they have a car, while also offering convenient ways for consumers to get around at lower costs. Although its “Surge Pricing” technique has been criticized for charging higher fares during popular times, it is also becoming a model for other companies such as Zappos in how it compensates its call center employees. The biggest issues Uber faces include legal action because drivers are not licensed, rider and driver safety,protection and security of customer and driver information, and a lack of adequate insurance coverage. To be successful, Uber must address these issues in its marketing strategy so it can reduce resistance as it expands into other cities.
2-2 Background
In 2009 Travis Kalanick and Garrett Camp developed a smartphone application to connect
drivers-for-hire with people needing rides to a destination in their city. Earlier in the year the
founders had attended the inaugural address in Washington, D.C. and could not hail a taxi.
They recognized the need for a convenient, low-cost transportation service. This innovative
service was originally founded.
2 postsRe Topic 2 DQ 1Social determinants of health are fac.docxherminaprocter
2 posts
Re: Topic 2 DQ 1
Social determinants of health are factors affecting peoples’ health, functioning and well-being, such as environmental conditions, social, and economic variables. Socioeconomic environmental factors contributing to infectious disease occurrence include crowding, unsanitary, unavailability of uncontaminated foods and water. These conditions provide an environment required for continuous chain of infection; the process required for transmission of disease. There are 6 components in the chain, or a cycle, of infection: organisms, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of entry, and a suspectable host (Green, 2018). To stop spreading of a communicable disease, the process has to interrupted or the chain of infection has to be broken at any point. Nurses, working in communities can decrease of the infectious diseases spreading. Promoting vaccination to lowering susceptible hosts number; and educating on sign and symptoms for early self-isolation to protect one’s family members from getting sick, breaking the transmission link. Educating on thorough hand hygiene and reducing face touching may protect one from getting sick eliminate portal of entry link. Proper respiratory hygiene, such as using disposable tissues and covering the mouth when sneezing, may stop the transmission on the stage of the pathogen leaving the reservoir via portal of exit (CDC.gov).
Noncommunicable chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, have grown in endemic and epidemic proportions, are developing from a combination of determinants including environmental, physiological, and behavioral factors, additionally to genetic disposition (Green, 2018). Lack of knowledge and motivation, unavailability of healthcare services and financial resources contribute to developing of such diseases.q
.
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A study on Vatican second : God's Revelation Lijo Baby cmi
Revelation is the personal self- Communication of God:-
Church’s Role in mediating revelation in today’s world.
faith as a response to Divine Revelation:
2. Framework Graphic Candidates will create a graphic that re.docxherminaprocter
2. Framework Graphic
Candidates will create a graphic that reflects an understanding of a conceptual/theoretical framework (preferably related to their dissertation topic). In a graphic, candidates’ creations should clearly represent their vision of the framework and include 1 – 2 paragraphs on how the dependent and independent variables are evidenced.
Dissertation topic that I submitted is in the attachment that has a file name as Survey -27
.
2. Research Article Review – Read one (1) research articles on T.docxherminaprocter
2. Research Article Review
–
Read one (1) research articles on Therapeutic Recreation in Long Term Center or a specific treatment
modality/facilitation technique appropriate for older population in a long term care setting (e.g., assisted living, nursing home, etc.) and write a reaction paper based on guide questions. Must be 3 pages minimum. No plagiarism. Must have knowledge in Therapeutic Recreation Major and modalities.
Attached is an
EXAMPLE
of what I am looking for.
.
2) In examining Document 4 and Document 6, how did the.docxherminaprocter
2)
In examining
Document 4
and
Document 6
, how did the onset of the Cold War redefine what it meant to be an American? What role do these documents suggest loyal citizens play in waging war against Communism? In examining the political cartoon (
Document 5
), how does the artist critique the “anti-subversive” efforts that took place during the Second Red Scare? In what ways does the McCarthy era continue to influence American society?
3)
The turbulent 1960s saw numerous attempts to identify the root problems within American society and the role of citizens in resolving them. In examining
Document 7
,
Document 8
, and
Document 9
, what common problems are identified within American society? What are some of the differences? What role did each of these documents suggest Americans should play in achieving social justice? Are their arguments persuasive? Why or why not?
4)
The last several decades of the Twentieth Century saw the emergence of new groups of Americans claiming rights as citizens. To what extent does the failure of the Equal Rights Amendment (
Document 10
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Document 11
) into law, signal about the changing role and rights of women in modern America? After reading President George H.W. Bush’s remarks (
Document 12
), why do you believe it took so long for the country to acknowledge and protect the rights of the disabled?
5)
How does Maya Angelou’s inauguration poem (
Document 13
) reflect upon the identity of “hyphenated Americans” by the early 1990s? In reading
Document 14
, how does President-Elect Barack Obama define Americanism? Looking back over documents 1-13, did his election, as the first person of color to become President of the United States, resolve the questions and crises surrounding the definition of an American citizen? In a post-9/11 world, has America progressed in its inclusiveness? Why or why not?
.
2. Sandra is a parent who believes that play is just entertainment f.docxherminaprocter
2. Sandra is a parent who believes that play is just entertainment for children, whereas Petra is a parent who believes that play is developmentally beneficial for children. Which is likely to be true about Sandra and Petra?
Group of answer choices
A. Sandra’s children are more likely to have richer imaginations than Petra’s children.
B. Sandra is less likely than Petra to encourage pretend play.
C. Petra is more likely than Sandra to encourage associative play.
D. Petra is less likely than Sandra to provide props for her children to play with.
3. Three-year-old Aiko is pretending that her teddy bear is going to the beach and places a paper plate on the teddy bear’s head as a “hat.” Aiko is demonstrating...
Group of answer choices
A. dual representation
B. egocentrism
C. centration
D. animistic thinking
5.
Nikki and Anna are both running for class president. When Anna wins the election, Nikki is jealous and spreads rumors about Anna. Nikki is displaying .. (pick below.......) aggression
A. verbal
B."reactive",
C"physical",
D"proactive"]
6. Kris has a preschool-age daughter named Leila. When Kris gives Leila three cookies and asks her to count them, Leila points to each cookie, one-by-one, and says, “One, two, three.” When Kris asks Leila, “How many cookies do you have?” Leila proudly answers, “Three!” Leila is demonstrating an understanding of...
Group of answer choices
A. Cardinality
B.arithmetic
C. quantity comparisons
D. Ordinality
.
2.2 Discussion What Is LeadershipGetting StartedR.docxherminaprocter
2.2 Discussion: What Is Leadership
Getting Started
Recognizing good organizational leader characteristics is important, not only to ensure that your leadership style is benefiting the organization but also to identify these characteristics in others so they can provide the greatest service to the organization.
This assignment is a continuation of material from Chapter 1 and your 1.2 Discussion. This material will help you understand organizational leader characteristics as you consider and defend your perspectives and consider those of your peers.
Upon successful completion of this discussion, you will be able to:
Evaluate leadership styles.
Resources
Textbook:
Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience
Background Information
In this discussion, you will consider the various definitions of leadership as provided in the textbook from the authors' review of literature in the field of leadership. You will also explore the concept of leadership as both rational and emotional as well as the differences between the roles of a manager versus the roles of a leader.
The concept of followership is also introduced in this assignment's reading from the textbook, as well as the growing role of women in leadership positions and responsibilities.
Instructions
Review the rubric to make sure you understand the criteria for earning your grade.
Review Chapter 1, "What Do We Mean by Leadership?", in our textbook. As you review, reflect upon the definitions of leadership and how these definitions and other aspects of leadership add to your prior understanding of a leader's role in an organization.
Conduct a critical analysis of the postings by two of your classmates from the posts submitted in 1.2 by the end of the workshop and should be written as if you were reviewing their posting in an academic journal. Your discussion response should, therefore, answer the following questions as applicable:
Were three leadership definitions clearly defined with examples and clear, insightful critical thinking? Comment on two of the three definitions of leadership presented in the post of your classmates. Do you agree or disagree with their interpretation of the definition of leadership? Provide rationale from personal examples or subject matter expert opinions.
Did the discussion of leadership as an art or a science include a detailed explanation that demonstrates clear, insightful critical thinking? Review your classmates' posts. Does their explanation support defining leadership as either an “art” or a “science”? Explain.
Was the concept of spiritual gifts effectively discussed, relating the concept to that of leadership styles?
In addition to commenting on the critical thinking displayed in the post, offer your comments on the original post and provide your overall agreement or disagreement with the poster’s concept of leadership. Your response to each question above should be one paragraph in length and cite one academic source.
.
2. You are a member of the Human Resource Department of a medium-si.docxherminaprocter
2. You are a member of the Human Resource Department of a medium-sized organization that is implementing a new interorganizational system that will impact employees, customers, and suppliers. Your manager has requested that you work with the system development team to create a communications plan for the project. He would like to meet with you in two hours to review your thoughts on the KEY OBJECTIVES OF THE COMMUNICATIONS PLAN. What should those objectives be?
.
2.1. What is Strategic Human Resource Management Differentiate bet.docxherminaprocter
2.1. What is Strategic Human Resource Management? Differentiate between strategic context and HR as a profit center. What are the Strategic Human Management tools, metrics used in managing human resources, and strategy-base metrics?
2.2. What can managers do to improve employee engagement and how to measure it?
3.1. What is job analysis? Describe at least four methods for collecting data. Also, what are competencies and how to write competencies?
.
2,___Use of no less than six slides and no more than seven .docxherminaprocter
2,___Use of no less than six slides and no more than seven:
a. An introductory slide with the title or research question and your name and student number.
b. The remaining 4-5 pieces of information will be responsible for answering the information question:
What was the impact of ________en the history of _________?
c. An APA-style bibliography slide.
3.__one or more than another image in the power point related to the theme. One of these images may be the image of the neighbor being investigated.
4.__Bibliografía (no less than 4 references: Two from the Internet, one from one book and one from an interview- APA style)
7. ___write in your own words. No copy paste.
8. __ (Correct spelling and punctuation and note that the writing is yours and not a copy paste from the Internet or a book). Check the work before delivering it with this same check list.
V. Depth
9.__Desarrollo of the research question. Answer it through the power point presentation.
10. __ Depth in the study. Copy paste is not accepted. Any plagiarism (may be: copy a concept, even a sentence, whose intellectual author is not you, invalidates this research- see the university's politics regarding plagiarism). Each criterion is worth ten points.
¿Cómo impacta la novela a la historia de Puerto Rico?
Yeralis M. Rivera Arguinzoni
B00569846
Dra. Vilma Pizarro
Historia de Puerto rico
Universidad Interamericana Recinto de Barranquitas
Comienzos de la novela en Puerto Rico
La literatura en Puerto Rico comienza a finales del siglo XIX.
Movimiento del romanticismo( Europa: Alemania, Inglaterra y España)
Géneros literarios: Poesía, teatro, ensayo y narrativa( novela, cuentos, leyendas, etc.).
La novela es el último género en llegar a Puerto Rico y a América.
En estas novelas trataban los temas de: el amor a la patria, el destino, la muerte, Dios y el progreso, entre otros.
La primera novela puertorriqueña
Hay dos teorías sobre la primer novela puertorriqueña:
Luz y Sombra(1893) = Escrita por Ana Roque de Duprey, primera novela escrita en Puerto Rico.
“La Peregrinación de Bayoán”(1863) = Escrita por Eugenio María de Hostos, primera novela escrita por un puertorriqueño pero es escrita en España. Esta es la mas aceptada como la primera novela puertorriqueña. Su tema principal era la lucha por la identidad del puertorriqueño. Ideas políticas y sociales de Hostos luego del grito de Lares y el grito de Yara(Cuba), fueron expresadas en esta novela.
Otros escritores importantes de la época
Manuel Zeno Gandía = Considerado como el más grande novelista de Puerto Rico. Sus obras: “La Charca”, “Garduña” y “El Negocio”, conocidas como “Crónicas de un mundo enfermo”, se escriben ya bajo el naturalismo. Presentan a un Puerto Rico enfermo y la situación crítica de un Puerto Rico abandonado por España.
Enrique A. Laguerre = Sus obras más importantes: “La Resaca” y “La llamarada”. Sus obras presentan la pésima situación de vida del campesinado a finales del siglo XIX.
.
2. Multicultural Interview Paper Students may begin this.docxherminaprocter
2.
Multicultural Interview Paper
Students may begin this assignment by selecting an individual from a culture differing from their own. This may be any culture or subgroup covered in the course content, such as adolescents, elderly adults, and persons with disabilities.
Students are not limited to these groups.
Students will create a series of interview questions focused on issues and concerns pertinent to the culture or subgroup
. Interview questions are to be specific and designed to help the student learn more about the culture or subgroup as it relates to Addictions & course studies. Students may use their text book and other course resources as guidelines for developing questions. Students should develop a minimum of eight-10 interview questions.
Students
must
submit interview questions to the course instructor and receive approval of the questions before proceeding with the assignment.
Students will then use these approved questions during the interview with the consenting individual and write a two page summarization of the questions with the answers received by the individual. The paper must be in question/answer format.
.
2-4A summary of your findings regarding sexual orientation and.docxherminaprocter
2-4
A summary of your findings regarding sexual orientation and its impact on life-span development, including findings from the resources and from the journal article(s) you selected during your research
An explanation of how you might apply your findings to social work practice
.
2- to 4A description of the services in your local communi.docxherminaprocter
2- to 4
A description of the services in your local community that support individuals in later adulthood
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the services you identified
A description of service gaps you identified
An explanation of how to improve existing services
A description of services that should be added, and why
.
2 or more paragraphAs previously noted, the Brocks have some of.docxherminaprocter
2 or more paragraph
As previously noted, the Brocks have some of their investment portfolio in conservative stocks. These equities have had very slow growth while regularly paying a small dividend.
Pam and Josh have received several emails recently with suggestions about various biotechnology, retailing, and environmental companies. The investment advisers believe that these industries would provide an opportunity for strong long-term financial gains.
In recent years, the Brocks have made extensive use of mutual funds in their investment portfolio. However, they are concerned that their selection of the funds may not be coordinated. With over 9,200 different mutual funds available, this financial marketplace is confusing.
The Brocks start the evaluation process by connecting various types of mutual funds to their investments goals. Next, they assess the past performance and management of the funds. Finally, they talk with various financial advisers and other investors to gather additional information.
Life Situation
Pam, 43
Josh, 45
3 Children, ages 16, 14 and 11
Financial Data
Monthly income$4,900 / Living expenses$4,450/ Assets$262,700/ Liabilities$84,600/ Emergency Fund$5,000
Q1. According to Pam, "We both know we should have started our investment program sooner, but we always seemed to have 'emergencies' that took what extra money we had." To what extent should the Brocks invest in stocks as a major portion of their investment portfolio?
.
2-1 IntroductionUber Technologies Inc. (Uber) is a tech startu.docxherminaprocter
2-1 Introduction
Uber Technologies Inc. (Uber) is a tech startup that provides ride-sharing services by
facilitating a connection between independent contractors (drivers) and riders with the use
of an app. Uber has expanded its operations to 425 cities in 72 countries around the world
and is valued at around $70 billion, making it the world’s most valuable startup.
Approximately 30 million users use Uber’s services monthly. Uber has become a key player
in the sharing economy, a new economic model in which independent contractors rent out
their underutilized resources such as vehicles or lodging to other consumers. The sharing
economy is quickly becoming an alternative to owning resources outright. Because its
services cost less than taking a traditional taxi, Uber and similar ride-sharing services have
upended the taxi industry. The company has experienced resounding success and is
looking toward expansion both internationally and within the United States.
However, Uber’s rapid success is creating challenges in the form of legal and regulatory,
social, and technical obstacles. The taxi industry, for instance, is arguing that Uber has an
unfair advantage because it does not face the same licensing requirements as they do.
Others accuse Uber of not vetting their drivers, creating potentially unsafe situations. Some
major cities are banning ride-sharing services like Uber because of these various concerns.
Additionally, Uber has faced various lawsuits, including a lawsuit filed by its independent
contractors. Its presence in the market has influenced lawmakers to draft new regulations to
govern this “app-driven” ride-sharing system. Legislation can often hinder a company’s
expansion opportunities because of the resources it must expend to comply with regulatory
requirements. Uber has been highly praised for giving independent contractors an opportunity to earn money as long as they have a car, while also offering convenient ways for consumers to get around at lower costs. Although its “Surge Pricing” technique has been criticized for charging higher fares during popular times, it is also becoming a model for other companies such as Zappos in how it compensates its call center employees. The biggest issues Uber faces include legal action because drivers are not licensed, rider and driver safety,protection and security of customer and driver information, and a lack of adequate insurance coverage. To be successful, Uber must address these issues in its marketing strategy so it can reduce resistance as it expands into other cities.
2-2 Background
In 2009 Travis Kalanick and Garrett Camp developed a smartphone application to connect
drivers-for-hire with people needing rides to a destination in their city. Earlier in the year the
founders had attended the inaugural address in Washington, D.C. and could not hail a taxi.
They recognized the need for a convenient, low-cost transportation service. This innovative
service was originally founded.
2 postsRe Topic 2 DQ 1Social determinants of health are fac.docxherminaprocter
2 posts
Re: Topic 2 DQ 1
Social determinants of health are factors affecting peoples’ health, functioning and well-being, such as environmental conditions, social, and economic variables. Socioeconomic environmental factors contributing to infectious disease occurrence include crowding, unsanitary, unavailability of uncontaminated foods and water. These conditions provide an environment required for continuous chain of infection; the process required for transmission of disease. There are 6 components in the chain, or a cycle, of infection: organisms, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of entry, and a suspectable host (Green, 2018). To stop spreading of a communicable disease, the process has to interrupted or the chain of infection has to be broken at any point. Nurses, working in communities can decrease of the infectious diseases spreading. Promoting vaccination to lowering susceptible hosts number; and educating on sign and symptoms for early self-isolation to protect one’s family members from getting sick, breaking the transmission link. Educating on thorough hand hygiene and reducing face touching may protect one from getting sick eliminate portal of entry link. Proper respiratory hygiene, such as using disposable tissues and covering the mouth when sneezing, may stop the transmission on the stage of the pathogen leaving the reservoir via portal of exit (CDC.gov).
Noncommunicable chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, have grown in endemic and epidemic proportions, are developing from a combination of determinants including environmental, physiological, and behavioral factors, additionally to genetic disposition (Green, 2018). Lack of knowledge and motivation, unavailability of healthcare services and financial resources contribute to developing of such diseases.q
.
2 peer responses due in 4 hoursMALEETAS POSTWorld War .docxherminaprocter
2 peer responses due in 4 hours
MALEETA'S POST:
World War II film
Saving Private Ryan (1998), directed by one of my favorites,
Steven Spielberg, is what I the topic my topic of week five’s discussion. This film is like no other World War II film that I have seen because of the realistic combat. I found myself getting overwhelmed, covering my eyes, and getting sick to my stomach from time to time through the movie. From the very beginning of the film on Omaha Beach, the D-Day landing scene gave me a glimpse of how the stress of combat experience could have felt.
Movie-watchers do not think about how the color scheme plays a significant part and sets different tones. The muddy browns, dark greens, and greys are the predominant colors throughout the movie. This movie does not have many vibrant, happy colors, and for a good reason. For instance, in
Saving Private Ryan
, the Normandy landing scene opens slowly to a beach. The setting is solemn, and the continuous color scheme of bland greys is an excellent cinematography piece. I felt like it made the red blood colors and the explosion colors stand out even more. Also, almost every shot was dreary and had vintage-like colors that gave the feeling of war and hopelessness. There was a part in this scene when the soldiers were near water that contrasted the typically dreary colors with a calming blue hue. The change of color gave me some hope that it may be safer under the surface, and then those hopes were instantly shattered when shots were fired, and red clouds pierced through the calming blue colors punishing me for even thinking there was any hope approaching the soldiers. This is an excellent mise-en-scene because it represented my change of emotions.
Another color paly example is in the scene where “Duty” is talking and joking as the crew marches toward their mission. Throughout this scene, the conversation is more cheerful, but the lighting and colors of grey and green continue to give a gloomy narrative, so my mood does not change much.
Saving Private Ryan has the same dull, dreary colors and low-key lighting, which looks dark and intensifies the shadows as the other War films in Week Five’s content. The desaturation of color is often used in war films.
Saving Private Ryan’s narrative, editing, camera movement, and color scheme throughout the movie jumped out of the screen and attacked me as a viewer. Every part of its cinematography placed the watcher in the combat experience, and I loved it in a good but bad way.
COLIN'S POST:
The war film I watched for this week was
1917 (2019)
directed by Sam Mendes. This film takes place during World War I and follows two British soldiers throughout most of the movie. This film is unique because it is shot as a "one shot film" where the director uses lighting and different angles with very few cuts to give a continuous feeling throughout the entire film. It gives audiences a more connected feeling as it seems like the scenes never end.
2 Pages for 4 questions below1) Some say that analytics in gener.docxherminaprocter
2 Pages for 4 questions below
1) Some say that analytics in general dehumanize managerial activities, and other say they do not. Discuss arguments for both point of view.
2) What are some of the major privacy concerns in employing intelligent systems on mobile data?
3) Identify some cases of violations of user privacy from current literature and their impact on data science as a profession.
4) Search the internet to find examples of how intelligent systems can facilitate activities such as empowerment, mass customization, and team work.
Reflection paper 3 Pages
What has been significant about this course that will help you perform data science tasks in the future.
Please refer to at least
2 items
in the course content that really stood out to either positive or negative.
.
2 Ethics Session 1.pptxEthics in Engineering Pra.docxherminaprocter
2 Ethics Session 1.pptx
Ethics in Engineering Practice
MET 2711
1
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
What is Engineering?
Engineers concern themselves with:
“the art of the practical application of scientific and empirical knowledge to the design and production or accomplishment of various sorts of constructive projects, machines and materials of use or value to man.”
“Value is not necessarily measured by an economic yardstick; the ancient pyramids and not a few structures since are of slight economic worth, while their value in terms of faith and beauty has often been considerable.”
2
Socrates on Ethics
Ethics are the norms by which acceptable and unacceptable behavior are measured.
According to Socrates, one develops ethics through maturity, wisdom and love.
Introduced the concept of teaching ethics and acceptable standards of conduct in 400 B.C.
Believed virtue was found primarily in human relationships, love and friendship, not through material gains.
3
https://classroom.synonym.com/what-were-socrates-beliefs-on-ethics-12084753.html
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
A Brief Look at Engineering Projects Through the Ages
4
Roman Aquaducts
Contributed to the health and welfare of the society
Provided 200 million gallons of clean running water and plumbing to individual structures daily (200 gallons per person)
Supported economic activity
Allowed city of Rome to grow to approximately 1 million people
312 BCE to 500 AD
5
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Santa Maria del Fiori (Florence Basilica)
Earliest and largest free-standing dome
Built as Europe recovered from the Black Plague, which killed approximately 1/3 of the population
An example of a project that reflected optimism for the future (faith and beauty)
Design competition in 1423
Brunelleschi proposes unique design, but contract requires him to share project responsibilities with Ghiberti
Brunelleschi had lost prior design competition to Ghiberti
6
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/sculpture-architecture-florence/v/brunelleschi-dome-of-the-cathedral-of-florence-1420-36
Santa Maria del Fiori (Florence Basilica)
Designs unique dome requiring no scaffolding. Uses brick in herringbone pattern to distribute weight out and down.
Includes a series of horizontal chains to keep structure from expanding outward
When time to install chains, Brunelleschi claims to be ill, so Ghiberti starts chain installation (without full details from Brunelleschi)
Brunelleschi “recovers” and criticizes the work, saying it will all have to be re-done
Setting up his fellow architect to fail (dishonorable conduct)
7
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/sculpture-ar.
2 1 5L e a r n I n g o b j e c t I v e sC H A P T E R.docxherminaprocter
2 1 5
L e a r n I n g o b j e c t I v e s
C H A P T E R 8
H U M A N R E S O U R C E S
M A N A G E M E N T
They’re not employees, they’re people.
—Peter Drucker
➤ Describe the range of human resource functions in the medical practice.
➤ Appreciate the range of professionals that are found in medical practices.
➤ Articulate the steps in the hiring function.
➤ Understand regulations that are specific to the employment process.
➤ Illustrate the steps in managing change.
➤ Describe why leading change is important to medical practice management.
In t r o d u c t I o n
Healthcare employment constitutes about 9 percent of the American workforce, with about
3 percent being professionals (KFF 2016). Hiring and sustaining a high-caliber staff are
two of the most important functions of managing a physician practice. Without a prop-
erly trained and motivated staff, providing high-quality services to the practice’s patients
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/7/2020 7:56 PM via SUNY CANTON
AN: 1839064 ; Wagner, Stephen L..; Fundamentals of Medical Practice Management
Account: s8846236.main.eds
F u n d a m e n t a l s o f M e d i c a l P r a c t i c e M a n a g e m e n t2 1 6
is difficult. An old saying in human resources management, “Hire for attitude, and train
for skill,” is particularly applicable today, when in the highly competitive medical practice
environment, patients have increasingly high expectations of their providers. Simply having
technical skills is not adequate to build and maintain a successful practice. Staff must be
able to engage patients in a positive and constructive way to earn their trust and satisfac-
tion. Although data seem to conflict on this point, many researchers believe engaged and
satisfied patients are more likely to comply with the instructions of their providers than are
disengaged, unsatisfied patients, leading to better outcomes (e.g., Kane, Maciejewski, and
Finch 1997). More recently, a study by Fenton, Jerant, and Bertaski (2012) found little
connection between satisfaction and clinical outcome; in fact, the researchers found that
mortality was higher, as were expenditures and utilization, among more satisfied groups.
Other authors have observed this tenuous connection as well (Kennedy, Tevis, and Kent
2014). The controversy has intensified as more physician payment is tied to patient satis-
faction. Some issues that complicate this concept are the lack of common definitions and
measures of satisfaction and the complexity inherent in defining.
2 Requirements Elicitation A Survey of Techniques, Ap.docxherminaprocter
2 Requirements Elicitation: A Survey of Techniques,
Approaches, and Tools
Didar Zowghi and Chad Coulin
Abstract: Requirements elicitation is the process of seeking, uncovering, acquir-
ing, and elaborating requirements for computer based systems. It is generally un-
derstood that requirements are elicited rather than just captured or collected. This
implies there are discovery, emergence, and development elements to the elicita-
tion process. Requirements elicitation is a complex process involving many ac-
tivities with a variety of available techniques, approaches, and tools for perform-
ing them. The relative strengths and weaknesses of these determine when each is
appropriate depending on the context and situation. The objectives of this chapter
are to present a comprehensive survey of important aspects of the techniques, ap-
proaches, and tools for requirements elicitation, and examine the current issues,
trends, and challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in this field.
Keywords: requirements, elicitation, techniques, approaches, tools, issues, chal-
lenges, trends, survey.
2.1 Introduction
The importance of requirements engineering (RE) within software systems deve l-
opment has long been established and recognized by researchers and practitioners
alike (Chapter 1). The elicitation of requirements represents an early but continu-
ous and critical stage in the development of software systems. The requirements
for a software system may be spread across many sources. These include the prob-
lem owners, the stakeholders, documentation, and other existing systems. Because
of the communication rich nature of requirements elicitation activities, many of
the effective techniques do not originate from the traditional areas of software en-
gineering or computer science research. Techniques for requirements elicitation
are derived mostly from the social sciences, organizational theory, group dynam-
ics, knowledge engineering, and very often from practical experience.
The process of requirements elicitation is generally accepted as one of the criti-
cal activities in the RE process. Getting the right requirements is considered as a
vital but difficult part of software development projects [36]. A recent field study
of fifteen RE teams carried out by Hofmann and Lehner [31] identified key RE
practices that should lead to project success. Effective elicitation of requirements
was arguably among the most important of the resulting recommended good RE
practices.
Requirements elicitation itself is a very complex process involving many activi-
ties, with multiple techniques available to perform these activities. The multi-
disciplinary nature of requirements elicitation only adds to this complexity. Elici-
tation is subject to a large degree of error, influenced by key factors ingrained in
communication problems. Despite the importance of requirements elicitation
within software development, insufficient.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. 1
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
Epigraph
Dedication
Introduction
ONE - SPIRIT& TRINITY
Why Begin Here?
God as Spirit
God Also Has Spirit
God Is Love
Both-And
A Struggle to Understand
Identifying the Spirit
Spirit and Communion
Not Just a Bond
God’s Fair Beauty
TWO - SPIRIT IN CREATION
Spirit and Creation
Trinitarian Creation
2. The Two Hands of God
Creation by the Spirit
Useful Implications
Science and Theology
Spirit and Origins
The Anthropic Principle
The Human Spirit
The Risk of Freedom
THREE - SPIRIT & CHRISTOLOGY
2
Universal Preparation
Preparation in Israel
Jesus and the Spirit
Recovering Spirit Christology
Salvation by Recapitulation
Saved by His Life
Salvation by the Cross
Is God Satisfied?
Theological Reconstruction
FOUR - SPIRIT & CHURCH
Power and Presence
Baptism and Eucharist
Charismatic Presence
The New Dimension
3. Openness to the Spirit
Office and Charism
Transforming Mission
Empowered Mission
FIVE - SPIRIT & UNION
Union with God
Justification and Theosis
Awakening to Love
Depravity and Responsibility
Event of the Spirit
Receiving and Actualizing
The Significance of Glossolalia
From Image to Likeness
A Dynamic Process
The Direction
The Spiritual Journey
From Corruption to Incorruption
3
SIX - SPIRIT & UNIVERSALITY
Two Errors to Avoid
Universality and Particularity
“And the Son”
The Larger Framework
Spirit in Other Religions?
4. The Criterion
Spirit and Universality
SEVEN - SPIRIT & TRUTH
Growing as Hearers
What Is Revelation?
Inspiration and Illumination
A Theory of Development
Criteria of Development
Applying the Criteria
Discerning Valid Developments
Conclusion
Notes
Names Index
Subject Index
Scripture Index
4
5
InterVarsity Press
P.O. Box 1400, Downers Grove, IL 60515
World Wide Web.www.ivpress.com
6. Printed in the United States ofAmerica
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pinnock, Clark H., 1937-
Flame of love: a theology of the Holy spirit/by Clark Pinnock.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8308-1590-2 (pbk.: alk. paper)
1. Holy Spirit. I. Title.
BT121.2.P55 1996
231’.3—dc20 96-19407
CIP
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02
http://web.www.ivpress.com/
6
“Holy Spirit, renew your wonders in our day as by a new
Pentecost. ”
—POPE JOHN XXIII
7. 7
I dedicate this book to Richard Foster, Charles Nienkirchen, Jim
Houston and my beloved wife Dorothy, who along with others
challenge me to catch the fire and dwell in the presence of God.
8
Introduction
The Spirit is elusive but profound and worthy of adoration. If
Father
points to ultimate reality and Son supplies the clue to the divine
mystery, Spirit epitomizes the nearness of the power and
presence
of God. St. John of the Cross (b. 1542) aptly calls the Spirit a
living
flame of love and celebrates the nimble, responsive, playful,
personal gift of God.
As we begin, let us say: Welcome, Holy Spirit, come and set us
free! Let each one catch the living flame and be ravished by
your
love! Let our souls glow with your fire. Help us overcome our
forgetfulness of Spirit.1
On January 23, 1959, Pope John XXIII, announcing plans for
the
Second Vatican Council, prayed that the windows of the church
be
opened to God’s breath, which he hoped would sweep away
deadness and unleash refreshing renewal. Nearly thirty years
later,
8. in 1986, Pope John Paul II issued an encyclical called On the
Holy
Spirit in the Life of the Church and the World, in which he
urged
Christians to be attentive to the Spirit as they prepare to enter
the
third Christian millennium. He wrote: “The church’s mind and
heart
turn to the Holy Spirit as this twentieth century draws to a close
and
the third millennium since the coming of Jesus Christ into the
world
approaches and as we look towards the great jubilee with which
the
church will celebrate the event.” Here we join our voices with
his
voice and turn our hearts and minds to the third mysterious
Person.2
At the end of his life, the Swiss theologian Karl Barth felt the
need
of a more satisfactory theology of the Spirit (sometimes called
“theology of the third article” because of the Spirit’s position in
the
creed). Barth’s own theology would have been stronger, and it
might
even have permitted him to have issued a kinder judgment on
liberal
theologians and their appreciation of the role of experience. In
Jürgen Moltmann’s book The Spirit of Life it is obvious that he
is
distancing himself from Barth’s polemic against religious
experience
and striving to recover a more experiential basis for the doctrine
of
Spirit.3 Though this doctrine is less neglected now, work
9. remains to
be done on the subject—there are truths to recover and
possibilities
9
to explore. Far from being an incidental or isolated topic in
theology,
Spirit is a major theme, supplying a standpoint, in fact, for
surveying
the whole vista of Christian truth.4
How could so rich a subject have suffered neglect? On other
topics there is enough in the tradition to make one feel
overwhelmed,
but not here. On this one the offerings are relatively sparse.
Neglect
may be less of a problem in Orthodoxy than in Western
traditions,
but in both Catholic and Protestant theology the place of the
Spirit
has surely been diminished.5 Reflection on the Spirit has lagged
behind thinking on other topics. Even in the creeds common to
East
and West, references to the Spirit are brief and occasional, at
times
sounding even perfunctory. In liturgy one will find many lines
praising
Father and Son, followed by a phrase “with the Holy Spirit” as a
kind
of afterthought.
Our language is often revealing—the Spirit is a third person in a
third place. At times the Spirit can even sound like an
10. appendage to
the doctrine of God and a shadowy, ghostly, poor relation of the
Trinity. In the church year the celebration of Pentecost hardly
compares to the observance of Christmas and Easter. Even
worse, it
may be completely forgotten, eclipsed by Mother’s Day or some
other cultural holiday. It is time for us to heed the East’s
complaint
that Western Christianity has confined the Spirit to the margins
of the
church and subordinated it to the mission of the Son.
To some extent the lack may reflect not neglect but a paucity of
biblical instruction. The role of Spirit in creation, for example,
is
crucial theologically but not often or much discussed in the
Scriptures. Nevertheless, it is important to draw out the truth,
even if
lightly attested. The Bible may be like the fish that, when asked
to
describe its environment, neglected to say much about water.
Spirit in Western traditions tends to be confined to the
institutional
church and to be seen as the power of salvation, not of creation
also.
We have placed emphasis on the sermon and the clergy at the
expense of the Spirit. We have prized our versions of decency
and
order so highly that outpourings of the Spirit pose a threat.
Many
appear afraid of the Spirit, lest their worlds be shaken and they
be
swept up into God’s sabbath play. So often we set up barriers to
the
Spirit and stifle the voices that speak to us of openness and
11. 10
celebration. “Forgetfulness” may be too kind a way to refer to
the
problem. We cannot even rule out the possibility of suppression
at
times.
Forgetfulness is not easily overcome, but perhaps if some
reflections are set forth, a discussion will ensue, leading to
reform.
This book’s chapters reveal the themes: the identity of the Spirit
within the Trinity (chapter one), the power of the Spirit in
continuing
creation (chapter two), the joint mission of Son and Spirit in
atonement (chapter three), God’s presence in the sacramental,
charismatic and diaconal dimensions of church life (chapter
four),
salvation as a Spirit-empowered path to union with God
(chapter
five), the universal prevenience of Spirit which graces everyone
everywhere (chapter six) and the Spirit’s guidance of the church
in
the development of doctrine and mission (chapter seven).
The Spirit challenges theology at numerous points—this may
partly explain our neglect. But let the challenges stimulate
growth in
us as hearers of the Word of God. Let us ask what light is shed
on
our central Christian doctrines when they are considered from
the
standpoint of the Spirit.6
12. This book is a theology of the Spirit and attends to the grand
picture, not to every topic of passing interest. Such an
exploration of
necessity touches other central themes in theology, because it
acts
like a magnet that causes a convergence of other doctrines.
Though this is not a testimony book, I hope the reader will
sense
how in love with God I am and how much practical usefulness
there
is in improved theology. Poor theology can hurt us, for we will
miss
certain stirrings of the Spirit where we are not expecting them
and
are not open to them owing to an inadequate doctrinal map. If,
on
the other hand, places and situations are identified where we
ought
to be expecting the Spirit to be at work, our eyes may be opened
to
new possibilities. A person who does not expect the Spirit to be
at
work in the natural order, for example, will not be attentive to
such
activities in nature and will be impoverished as a result.
Similarly, a
person unaware of the full range of spiritual gifts that are
available
will not be open to receive them or may not value certain gifts.
This
book, then, though not testimonial, can help people overcome a
13. 11
confinement of spirit by identifying certain places and ways of
the
Spirit’s working where they have not been looking for it.
Religious experience needs good theology the way a traveler
needs a reliable map. A traveler with lots of enthusiasm but no
map
for the journey is a dangerous person to travel with. Together
you
can get hopelessly lost.7
12
Mind and Heart
In theology, mind and heart—study and prayer—are both
important.
With the mind we analyze data, while in the heart we wait for
illumination on it. We place the truths discovered in God’s
Word into
the sanctuary of the soul for pondering. The mind attends to
analysis; the heart dreams and listens to God. One blessing of
the
coming of the Spirit at Pentecost was to give us the ability to
dream
and see visions (Acts 2:17-18). The Spirit makes us open to new
horizons and new possibilities. We are empowered with hope to
transcend situations and limitations. Therefore it is important to
experience the Spirit and reflect on our experience.
In the new covenant, people have God’s law written on their
hearts
14. and need no one to teach them because of the knowledge of God
they have instinctively (Jer 31:33-34). In the words of Isaiah,
“When
you turn to the right or when you turn to the left, your ears shall
hear
a word behind you, saying, ‘This is the way; walk in it’ ”
(30:21).
In writing and reading, let us combine analysis and
contemplation.
Let us imitate Mary, mother of our Lord, who treasured what
she
heard and pondered it in her heart (Lk 2:19, 51). The heart does
not
supply us with new information but leads us to a deeper
acquaintance with the divine mysteries and a finer sensitivity to
their
timeliness. We need to listen to the Spirit if we hope to grasp
the
significance of what we believe. Let theologians observe times
of
silence in God’s presence as the elders and the angels do in
heaven, pondering everything they hear (Rev 8:1).8
On one level the Scriptures do inform the mind and offer
comprehensible teaching in the interests of a better
understanding.
The Spirit is elusive but comprehensible too. The Scriptures
give us
most definite clues for understanding, and it is our
responsibility to
grasp what can be known by the mind. Therefore we will be
dipping
into the testimony of Scripture and into insights from the
ecumenical
church, catholic in both space and time, and will engage many
15. 13
challenging and worthwhile discussions. The subject may be
mysterious, but it is not obscure or beyond accounting.9
On the other hand, we cannot master the subject rationally. The
Spirit cannot be imprisoned in concepts. Spirit is known by
prayer as
well as by study. The Bible contains few abstract statements
about
the Spirit, but many symbols such as water, wind and fire. Such
images, while they can be studied, need to be appropriated by
the
heart. The path of meditation has to be followed alongside a
scholarly approach.
To know the Spirit we must become persons of prayer who are
willing to yield in complete openness to God. Waiting in silence
and
patient receptivity will cultivate a heart-knowledge of our Life-
giver.
Theology must always be more than rational, especially in this
case.
For we are speaking of a reality that is active in our lives and
that
cannot be captured altogether in cognitive ways. There are
depths of
the mystery that cannot be accessed by reason alone. As well as
studying the Scriptures on the Spirit, we must be prayerful and
open,
longing to fall in love with the One who frees and surprises,
delights
and searches, energizes and purifies us. We have to be sensitive
16. to
things that are only spiritually discerned (1 Cor 2:14).
Let us learn to operate on two levels simultaneously. Even as
we
are thinking, deep within we can be at prayer and be receptive
to the
divine breath.10
14
Speaking of the Spirit
The heart dimension comes into play immediately. For of all
theological topics, Spirit is one of the most elusive. Knowing
the
Spirit is experiential, and the topic is oriented toward
transformation
more than information.
So how do we grasp the breath of God? How do we speak of the
power that gives understanding or convey in words the
uncreated
energies of God? How do we define Spirit? It is hard to speak of
any
of the divine Persons worthily, since they transcend the world
and
tax the powers of reason. Yet it is easier to speak of Father and
Son,
if only because of the familiar family imagery employed in
these
designations. The Spirit, however, presents a unique challenge
to
speech. How does one render that reality that is wind, fire,
17. breath,
life—tangible yet intangible, invisible yet powerful,
inexpressible yet
intimate, powerful yet gentle, reliable yet unpredictable,
personal yet
impersonal, transcendent yet immanent?11
Certain things are clear. The fundamental idea of Spirit in
Hebrew
and Greek is breath, air, wind, storm—the intensity depending
on the
context. It may be a gentle breath (Jn 20:22), a gale-force wind
(Ex
15:8), a cooling breeze (Gen 3:8). Most essentially Spirit is
transcendent and divine, not mere flesh; it is the energy of life
itself
and is present in nature and in history. Most wonderfully, the
Spirit is
God’s face turned toward us and God’s presence abiding with
us,
the agency by which God reaches out and draws near, the power
that creates and heals.
Though we speak of the Spirit as a third Person, from the
standpoint of experience Spirit is first, because it is the Spirit
that
enables us to experience God’s flying by and drawing near.
Through
the Spirit we feel the warmth of God’s love and the fire that
kindles
our heart. By the Spirit we drink from fountains of living water
and
receive the grace that is poured out. We may not be able to
know
18. 15
God with our limited sensibilities, but we certainly can love
God and
desire him and his will.12
Spirit is the ecstasy of the divine life, the bond of love in the
Trinity
and the overflowing abundance of God outwardly. Spirit
sustains
loving relationships within the (immanent) Trinity and also
implements the grace of the (economic) Trinity in creation and
history. Moltmann offers this captivating definition: “Spirit is
the
loving, self-communicating, out-fanning and out-pouring
presence of
the eternal divine life of the triune God.” By the Spirit, God
draws
near to the creature and mediates a knowledge of divinity in a
hundred thousand ways.13
16
He, She or It?
Many people are concerned with gender and theology and
therefore
with the issue of which pronoun to use for Spirit. Spirit is not
gender-
specific quite the way Father and Son are. The Hebrew term
(rûah)
is (usually but not always) grammatically feminine; yet this may
not
19. be regarded as very significant, for personhood is relatively
undeveloped in relation to Spirit in the Old Testament. Had
Hebrew
been the language used by the New Testament, where the
Spirit’s
personhood becomes apparent, it might have been different—the
feminine pronoun might have been used. But as it is, Spirit in
the
New Testament (pneuma) is grammatically neuter in the Greek,
and
the pronoun it predominates. Spirit is also neuter in English,
which
allows us to use it as well. The use of he for the Spirit is rare in
the
Bible, except where John uses it because the title Paraclete is
masculine (Jn 14:26; 15:26; 16:13-14).
The Scriptures do not settle the question of pronouns but leave
the
matter open. It would be permissible to use any one—he, she or
it.
English speakers have the custom of referring to the Spirit as he
not
because the Bible does so but because of tradition. Spirit in
Latin is
masculine, and that has affected us. Using he feels right to us,
but
we have no necessary biblical grounds for it.14
What is the prudent course to take then? Avoiding pronouns
altogether would force us to use ponderous expressions of
circumlocution. Using it is grammatically right, based as it is on
the
Greek term, but it may detract from the personhood of the
Spirit. In
the book of Acts, for example, the Spirit is presented as a
20. character
or agent in the narrative. The Spirit doesn’t sound like an “it.”
The
disciples were led by a Someone, not a Something. Is it good
enough to call the Spirit who speaks and can be grieved it?15
One could fall back on the masculine pronoun, which, though
biblically rare, is used by John, is consonant with Latin and is
common in the Western tradition. The disadvantage as I see it,
17
however, is that in this case all three Persons of the Trinity are
denoted by masculine pronouns. This is no problem in the sense
that
God is beyond gender, but it does result in the Trinity’s being
depicted in exclusively male language, which revelation does
not
require and modern sensibility does not find easy.16
What about using the pronoun she? It would not be the first
time.
Aphrahat wrote in his Demonstration 6:14, “By baptism we
receive
the Spirit of Christ, and at that moment when the priests invoke
the
Spirit, she opens the heavens and descends and hovers over the
waters, and those who are baptized put her on.” The word Spirit
in
Syriac (as in Hebrew) was grammatically feminine. Perhaps it is
time
to follow Aphrahat’s example. It would introduce feminine
pronouns
into God-talk in an orthodox way.17
21. Using a feminine pronoun would pick up the grammatical
feminine
of the Hebrew and honor femalelike functions of the Spirit, such
as
birthing, nurturing, grieving and sheltering. It would also
recognize
Spirit as associated with such feminine images as wisdom and
the
shekinah presence. Spirit fosters receptivity in our hearts vis à
vis
the Father and is often femininelike in experience—coming as
gentle
dove, mother eagle and poured-out love. Mystics like St. Teresa
and
John of the Cross feel free to use imagery such as the soul’s
nursing
on the breasts of God, receiving nourishment from his spiritual
milk.
It might seems reasonable, then, to use the feminine pronoun for
the
Spirit: “The Spirit comforts, encourages, yearns and brings to
birth.
Most of her activities are best expressed in feminine
terminology.”18
But there are valid objections. Aside from the fact that we are
not
used to hearing the Spirit referred to this way, using the
feminine
pronoun would not always be best. For example, using it often
works
well, and he is the Johannine choice. We would not want to
refer to
the Spirit only in a feminine way, as if no masculine or neutral
nuances were possible. Doing so might cause one to ignore the
22. feminine dimensions of Father and Son. One does not want to
pose
the femininity of Spirit against the nonfeminitity of Father and
Son.
We human beings are male and female in the image of the triune
God, Father, Son and Spirit. Using she could project a feminine
persona onto Spirit or be stereotypical with regard to so-called
feminine traits.19 It gets mixed up when Spirit causes the
conception
18
of Jesus in Mary and when the church is so often the feminine
counterpart to God. Are we to imagine Spirit as playing the
peacemaker in a community of males? No, using the feminine
pronoun exclusively could create more problems than it solves.
I admit that something in me wants to use the feminine pronoun.
It
seems to capture the gracefulness of Spirit and is an orthodox
way
of using feminine language in reference to God. Politically, it
also
says to feminists in the church that we are concerned about this
problem and agree that steps must be taken. The problem is,
which
steps?
This is clearly an issue that requires further discussion and
thought. Our dilemma may be due in part to the elusiveness of
Spirit,
which will not be pinned down. But symbols are not static, and
Spirit
can be spoken of in different ways depending on the context.20
23. This
study, then, will generally use the masculine pronoun for the
Spirit,
but I hope it will be read in the light of the concerns I have
outlined.
19
Looking Ahead
Mark Noll has noted the absence of an evangelical mind when it
comes to science and politics, but he exempts theology from his
indictment. He needed not do so. If the doctrine of the Spirit is
any
indication, evangelical theology too has tended to be shallow
and
uncreative. In relation to this subject at least, we have
overlooked a
great deal.21
This book is not really a biblical study but moves beyond
exegesis
to historical and theological reflection. It is important, after
examining
the text, to step back and assess what has been found. Exegesis
alone cannot provide the full perspective required by the
church.
There has to be a wider sweep of investigation that takes into
account other dimensions—historical, theological,
philosophical,
cultural and mystical.
This is a systematic theology of the Spirit that examines the
Christian vision from the vantage point of the Spirit. It is a
24. doctrinal
exploration rather than a testimony book or a program for
congregational renewal. Theology on any topic is supposed to
be a
faithful and creative response to the scriptural canon. My desire
here
is not to repeat what has been said by others but to discover
fresh
applications and insights from the Lord for our time.22
The book is catholic in the sense that it respects the beliefs and
practices of the historic churches. Truths about the Spirit are
scattered throughout segments of a divided church and ought to
be
gathered from anywhere and everywhere. We are bound in the
Spirit
to believers of every continent and every century. Therefore I
have
dipped into the treasures of Catholic and Orthodox traditions in
ways
that I had not done before and have found affinities that
surprised
and delighted me.23
The book is evangelical too in the sense that I find value in the
witness of the Reformation and in the experience of modern
evangelicalism, where I found faith. At the same time the book
20
continues my struggle with aspects of evangelicalism and
continues
my search for nondeterministic theology. Furthermore, it is
charismatic in celebrating Pentecostalism as a mighty twentieth-
25. century outpouring of the Spirit. I think of this as the most
important
event in modern Christianity.24
There is a growing interest in spirituality and religious
experience
in modern culture, owing no doubt to the extreme dryness of
secularism. People cannot go for long without raising questions
about meaning and transcendence. Church statistics go up and
down, but interest in ultimate questions does not. It stays high.
If Christians are to be effective in mission, they must offer a
faith
that is vibrant and alive. People want to meet God and will not
be
satisfied with religion that only preaches and moralizes.
Knowing
about God is not the same as knowing God. Christianity was
born on
the day of Pentecost because a question was asked about a
transforming experience: “What does this mean?” (Acts 2:12).
Speaking about God is meaningful only if there is an encounter
with
God back of it. Only by attending to the Spirit are we going to
be able
to move beyond sterile, rationalistic, powerless religion and
recover
the intimacy with God our generation longs for.
May the Spirit kindle a fire in us all and put within us a longing
for
the power of love to be poured out into our hearts. With the
prophet
we cry out: “O that you would tear open the heavens and come
down!” (Is 64:1).25
26. 21
ONE
SPIRIT& TRINITY
IN PRESENTING A VISION of the Spirit, let us begin with the
doctrine of God and focus on the liveliness of the Trinity and
the
identity of the Spirit within a loving relationality. Let us
consider the
Spirit as One who bonds the loving fellowship that God is and
creates access to the Father through the Son (Eph 2:18). The
Spirit
reaches out to creatures, catches them up and brings them home
to
the love of God.
Almost everything else I will have occasion to say will spring
from
this ontology. Spirit is essentially the serendipitous power of
creativity, which flings out a world in ecstasy and simulates
within it
an echo of the inner divine relationships, ever seeking to move
God’s plans forward. The Spirit is bringing God’s plans to
completion
in the direction of new creation and union with God through the
participatory journey of Jesus Christ. Spirit also makes Christ’s
work
of redemption universally accessible and fosters unity amidst
diversity in the midst of the segmented body of Christ.
We begin with the identity of the Spirit as a divine Person in a
27. social Trinity and with the sheer liveliness of God. According to
the
gospel the nature of God is a communion of loving Persons, the
overflowing shared life that creates and upholds the universe.
Early
theologians spoke of the divine nature as a dance, a circling
round of
threefold life, as a coming and going among the Persons and
graciously in relation to creation. We start with the identity of
the
triune God and with the face of the Spirit within this community
as
the ecstasy of its life.1
22
Why Begin Here?
This is not an easy topic; one might ask why I would begin with
it. I
do so because God’s triune identity and the Spirit as the bond of
love
within it underlie so much else that I want to say. It is also a
practical
truth, for clarity concerning Being (ontology) helps us
understand not
only who God is but who we are and what kind of world we
inhabit.
The Christian understanding of God as pure relationality is such
a
stunning contribution to human understanding about ultimate
matters
that it must come first.2
28. Theology must break certain habits surrounding this theme.
Often,
having defended the doctrine of the Trinity against its various
denials, theologians become complacent and fail to go further
and
make the belief intelligible. Theologians stare, as it were, at a
priceless treasure, an expression of the relational essence of
God,
yet do not perceive its immense value in terms of proclamation.
To
miss it is to overlook a major aspect of the fair beauty of the
Lord.3
Because the matter has often been left enigmatic, we need to
reflect theologically on the meaning of the Trinity. I hope to
counter
the impression that while the Trinity is an important belief that
must
be embraced by anyone who would be orthodox, it is not a
belief one
should expect to understand. There is an aphorism along these
lines: “Try to explain the Trinity and you’ll lose your mind; try
to deny
it and you’ll lose your soul.” This sends a bleak message
regarding
the intelligibility of faith and invites the criticism that the
Trinity is a
piece of outdated mythology. Effective communication requires
that
doctrine not be left unintelligible if light can be shed on it. I
think
some light can be shed on it, though the mystery remains great.
Revelation of the triune God is both significant and limited.4
Nevertheless, the truth of the doctrine is meaningful and quite
marvelous. From the …
