Amazon's market share in China has steadily declined since 2012, falling from a peak of 12% to just 4% by 2018 as Chinese competitors like Alibaba and JD.com have grown to dominate e-commerce in the country. While Amazon was once one of the top online retailers in China, it has lost ground to local players that understand Chinese consumers better and offer more localized services and payment options. The decline shows how difficult it can be for foreign digital companies to gain traction in China against well-established domestic rivals.