The document discusses the Jameson Raid of 29 December 1895 to 2 January 1896 in South Africa. It provides context about conflicts between British capitalists and Boers in the 1870s following the discovery of diamonds. It notes that Gladstone's government recognized the independence of the Transvaal following the First Boer War in 1884, though a gold rush occurred there two years later, exacerbating tensions. The Jameson Raid itself saw British forces invade the Transvaal in an attempt to overthrow the Boer government.
Este video de YouTube muestra un experimento en el que se coloca una cámara en el interior de una botella de plástico y se lanza al mar para capturar las vistas submarinas mientras la botella flota en el océano. La cámara graba peces, algas y otras criaturas marinas nadando a su alrededor a medida que la botella deriva con la corriente durante varios días antes de ser recuperada en la playa.
1) El documento habla sobre las Órdenes de Guerra del Almirantazgo británico de 1914 que establecían la captura de todo el suministro de alimentos destinado a Alemania a través de puertos neutrales, considerando que cualquier comida enviada a Rotterdam estaba destinada a Alemania, como parte de la política británica de hambre durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. 2) El documento también menciona el aumento de precios de los alimentos, la introducción de libros de racionamiento y fotos de mujeres y niños hambrientos cortando
The Normans first arrived in Ireland in 1169 AD when King Henry II of England sent Norman knights led by Richard de Clare, known as Strongbow, to help Dermot McMurrough, the king of Leinster, who was being threatened by other Irish kings. Dermot promised Strongbow his daughter's hand in marriage and that he could become the next King of Leinster if he helped him. The Normans landed first at Bannow Bay in Wexford and began conquering parts of Ireland, building motte and bailey castles made of wood and later stronger stone castles.
1) The tapestry depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England, culminating in the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
2) It shows Harold being captured by Guy, the Count of Ponthieu during a sea voyage, and swearing an oath to William, the Duke of Normandy.
3) The battle scenes depict the Norman cavalry charging the English foot soldiers protected by shields, and ending with Harold being killed, likely by an arrow to the eye and sword, marking the Norman victory.
In the 17th century the Habsburgs faced many problems. The kingdom suffered a serious economic crisis and foreign wars continued. In the 17th century Spain lost its dominance and France increased its power.
Este video de YouTube muestra un experimento en el que se coloca una cámara en el interior de una botella de plástico y se lanza al mar para capturar las vistas submarinas mientras la botella flota en el océano. La cámara graba peces, algas y otras criaturas marinas nadando a su alrededor a medida que la botella deriva con la corriente durante varios días antes de ser recuperada en la playa.
1) El documento habla sobre las Órdenes de Guerra del Almirantazgo británico de 1914 que establecían la captura de todo el suministro de alimentos destinado a Alemania a través de puertos neutrales, considerando que cualquier comida enviada a Rotterdam estaba destinada a Alemania, como parte de la política británica de hambre durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. 2) El documento también menciona el aumento de precios de los alimentos, la introducción de libros de racionamiento y fotos de mujeres y niños hambrientos cortando
The Normans first arrived in Ireland in 1169 AD when King Henry II of England sent Norman knights led by Richard de Clare, known as Strongbow, to help Dermot McMurrough, the king of Leinster, who was being threatened by other Irish kings. Dermot promised Strongbow his daughter's hand in marriage and that he could become the next King of Leinster if he helped him. The Normans landed first at Bannow Bay in Wexford and began conquering parts of Ireland, building motte and bailey castles made of wood and later stronger stone castles.
1) The tapestry depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England, culminating in the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
2) It shows Harold being captured by Guy, the Count of Ponthieu during a sea voyage, and swearing an oath to William, the Duke of Normandy.
3) The battle scenes depict the Norman cavalry charging the English foot soldiers protected by shields, and ending with Harold being killed, likely by an arrow to the eye and sword, marking the Norman victory.
In the 17th century the Habsburgs faced many problems. The kingdom suffered a serious economic crisis and foreign wars continued. In the 17th century Spain lost its dominance and France increased its power.
The document summarizes the Jarrow Crusade, a protest march that took place in Britain in 1936. Unemployment had reached high levels in Jarrow, a town in northeast England, after the closure of the shipbuilding yard. To protest the lack of action by the government, 200 unemployed men from Jarrow embarked on a 300-mile march to London to present a petition to Parliament. The disciplined 25-day march gained widespread support along its route. While there were no immediate results, the Crusade brought attention to the economic struggles facing communities like Jarrow and had long-term political impacts.
1) The document discusses the Habsburg dynasty in Spain known as the Austrias from Carlos I to Felipe IV.
2) It describes the reigns of Carlos I, Felipe II, Felipe III, and Felipe IV, noting the foreign conflicts and domestic problems each king faced, including revolts, financial issues, and declining Spanish power.
3) Key events included Carlos I's vast empire, Felipe II's wars against France, England, the Netherlands, and the Ottomans, and the expulsion of the Moriscos under Felipe III which hurt Spain's economy.
First World War Centenary: WW I in Photos(2)guimera
The document provides an overview of World War 1 on the Western Front through a series of photographs with captions. It describes the bloody stalemate that occurred over 4 years as opposing forces faced machine guns, barbed wire, mortars, and hand-to-hand combat in muddy trenches. The photos show scenes from the battlefield including soldiers in trenches, the use of new technologies like tanks and flamethrowers, and the human cost of the war through images of injured soldiers.
The document summarizes the key causes of World War 1, which included militarism, alliances, nationalism, and imperialism. Major powers in Europe had engaged in an arms race in the early 20th century and formed opposing alliances. Nationalistic pride and imperial competition increased tensions between countries. The immediate cause of WWI was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist. This triggered a series of events that led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, drawing in the other European powers due to their complex system of alliances.
Buckingham Palace has served as the official residence of Britain's monarchs since 1837. It contains over 600 rooms and was originally constructed in 1703 as a private home. Today, it is the Queen's official residence and workplace, where she and other members of the royal family perform many official duties and state functions.
La monarquía hispánica experimentó un gran crecimiento territorial durante los reinados de los Reyes Católicos y Carlos V en los siglos XV y XVI, estableciendo un vasto imperio. Sin embargo, sufrió numerosas pérdidas de territorios en Europa durante los siglos siguientes bajo los reinados de los Austria Menores y Felipe IV. Finalmente, la llegada de la dinastía Borbón en el siglo XVIII marcó el comienzo del declive del imperio español.
The 18th century Ancien Régime in Europe faced challenges from growing Enlightenment ideals and economic changes. The absolute monarchies that dominated society, politics, and the economy in countries like France and Spain came under increasing criticism. Enlightenment thinkers advocated for rational thinking, religious tolerance, and more egalitarian political systems with separation of powers. Meanwhile, the growth of trade and the bourgeoisie class eroded the power and privileges of the nobility and clergy. By the late 1700s, the Ancien Régime faced revolutionary pressures that would ultimately transform European societies.
London was established as the capital of Roman Britain in the 1st century AD. It grew to a population of around 60,000 but declined after the Romans left in the 5th century. In the medieval period, London was attacked by invading forces and established as the capital of Norman England after the conquest of 1066. During the Tudor period, London rose to become one of Europe's most important commercial and political centers and its population grew rapidly. In the 19th century, London was transformed into the largest and most influential city in the world as Britain's population and empire expanded globally.
El documento lista varios lugares y edificios de Barcelona de los siglos XIX y XX, incluyendo calles, teatros, mercados, plazas, el puerto y la estación de tren, así como fotografías de la ciudad durante eventos como la Exposición Internacional de 1929 y los bombardeos de 1939.
The document provides background information on the conflict in Northern Ireland known as "The Troubles":
- The conflict began in the late 1960s but has roots dating back to the 17th century involving questions of nationality, sovereignty, and colonialism.
- The community is divided between mainly Protestant unionists who want to remain in the UK, and mainly Catholic nationalists who want Northern Ireland to join the Republic of Ireland.
- Over 3,000 people have died since the conflict intensified in 1969, making it Europe's second deadliest conflict after Yugoslavia. While often portrayed as religious, the core issues involve nationality and colonialism.
The Congress of Vienna was organized in 1814-1815 after the defeat of Napoleon. It was organized by Metternich of Austria and aimed to restore absolutism in Europe and remodel the map. The key goals were maintaining the balance of power in Europe to prevent any one nation from becoming too powerful, restoring deposed monarchs to power, and weakening France while keeping it intact. The new map of Europe redrew borders and divided or consolidated territories among the great powers. However, the liberal and nationalist movements inspired by the French Revolution could not be suppressed and would eventually challenge this system.
The Tower of London is a historic castle located in central London on the River Thames. It was built in 1078 on the orders of William the Conqueror to serve as a royal residence and fortress. Over the centuries, the Tower of London has also functioned as a prison, place of execution, arsenal, royal mint, zoo, and jewel house. Many famous figures were imprisoned and executed at the Tower, including Anne Boleyn and Sir Walter Raleigh. Today it is a popular tourist attraction guarded by Beefeaters and houses the Crown Jewels.
Ireland declared itself neutral during World War 2, a period it referred to as "The Emergency". Eamon De Valera was the Taoiseach at this time. Though neutral, Ireland still felt effects of the war through censorship of news, rationing of food like sugar and meat, and shortages of coal that limited transportation options and required alternative fuels like turf. The document discusses both the advantages and disadvantages Ireland faced in remaining neutral.
Buckingham Palace is located in London between several parks and was originally built in 1705 for the Duke of Buckingham. It now serves as the Queen's official residence and contains 775 rooms, including a throne room, ballroom, and swimming pool. Parts of the palace are open to visitors, such as the Queen's Gallery which displays artwork from the royal collection, and the Royal Mews where royal carriages can be seen. The palace gardens are also open to the public and are the largest private garden in London.
Elizabeth I was Queen of England from 1558 until her death in 1603. She never married but faced pressure to choose a husband from foreign princes like Philip II of Spain and the Duke of Anjou of France. Her half-sister Mary Tudor preceded her after their father Henry VIII disowned Elizabeth upon his death. Elizabeth faced significant religious tensions during her rule between Catholics and Protestants, and she was eventually excommunicated by the Pope. She defeated the Spanish Armada in the 1580s, cementing England's status. Elizabeth died childless at age 69 and was succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland.
The Second Industrial Revolution from the 1870s-1910s was driven by oil, steel, internal combustion engines, electricity, and rapid communication technologies. It saw the rise of corporate research labs, increased patents, and advances in chemistry, biology, steel production, transportation (land, sea, and air), electricity, newspapers, and communication technologies like the telegraph, telephone, film, and radio. Mass production using these new fuels and technologies transformed economies and societies around the world.
London attracts over 14 million international visitors per year, making it the most visited city in Europe. Some of the top attractions include the British Museum, Tate Modern, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, and Imperial War Museum. In addition to the many museums, popular sites include Buckingham Palace, Big Ben, London Eye, galleries like the Tate Britain, and structures showcasing British architecture and history such as St. Paul's Cathedral and the Houses of Parliament.
El documento presenta información sobre varios lugares y edificios históricos de Barcelona, incluyendo la plaza de l'Escorxador, el Rec Comtal (un canal de riego desde el siglo X), la plaza de Cataluña antes de 1929, y el origen del nombre "Mercat del Ninot" que viene de una pequeña tasca con un monigote en su puerta.
Thompson and Venables grew up in similar troubled circumstances in Liverpool, England. Both boys had behavioral issues at school and engaged in criminal acts like shoplifting and violence against animals. While their upbringings shared similarities, their family lives differed - Thompson's mother struggled with alcoholism while Venables had a strict mother. The two 10-year-olds were tried and convicted for the 1993 murder of 2-year-old Jamie Bulger in a highly publicized and controversial trial. Both received life sentences but were released in 2001 under new identities. Venables later returned to prison for child pornography offenses.
The document consists of a single word: "THE". It does not provide enough context or information to generate a multi-sentence summary. The word "THE" on its own does not convey any essential information.
The document discusses flags that were used during slave uprisings and rebellions in various locations from the 17th-19th centuries. It describes flags used during the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina in 1739, by the Boni Maroons in Suriname in the 1770s, and during the Haitian Revolution from 1791-1803, including flags with slogans calling for death to whites or liberty or death. It also mentions a flag used during a rebellion led by Julien Fédon in Grenada in 1795 seeking freedom inspired by the French emancipation decree.
The document summarizes the Jarrow Crusade, a protest march that took place in Britain in 1936. Unemployment had reached high levels in Jarrow, a town in northeast England, after the closure of the shipbuilding yard. To protest the lack of action by the government, 200 unemployed men from Jarrow embarked on a 300-mile march to London to present a petition to Parliament. The disciplined 25-day march gained widespread support along its route. While there were no immediate results, the Crusade brought attention to the economic struggles facing communities like Jarrow and had long-term political impacts.
1) The document discusses the Habsburg dynasty in Spain known as the Austrias from Carlos I to Felipe IV.
2) It describes the reigns of Carlos I, Felipe II, Felipe III, and Felipe IV, noting the foreign conflicts and domestic problems each king faced, including revolts, financial issues, and declining Spanish power.
3) Key events included Carlos I's vast empire, Felipe II's wars against France, England, the Netherlands, and the Ottomans, and the expulsion of the Moriscos under Felipe III which hurt Spain's economy.
First World War Centenary: WW I in Photos(2)guimera
The document provides an overview of World War 1 on the Western Front through a series of photographs with captions. It describes the bloody stalemate that occurred over 4 years as opposing forces faced machine guns, barbed wire, mortars, and hand-to-hand combat in muddy trenches. The photos show scenes from the battlefield including soldiers in trenches, the use of new technologies like tanks and flamethrowers, and the human cost of the war through images of injured soldiers.
The document summarizes the key causes of World War 1, which included militarism, alliances, nationalism, and imperialism. Major powers in Europe had engaged in an arms race in the early 20th century and formed opposing alliances. Nationalistic pride and imperial competition increased tensions between countries. The immediate cause of WWI was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist. This triggered a series of events that led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, drawing in the other European powers due to their complex system of alliances.
Buckingham Palace has served as the official residence of Britain's monarchs since 1837. It contains over 600 rooms and was originally constructed in 1703 as a private home. Today, it is the Queen's official residence and workplace, where she and other members of the royal family perform many official duties and state functions.
La monarquía hispánica experimentó un gran crecimiento territorial durante los reinados de los Reyes Católicos y Carlos V en los siglos XV y XVI, estableciendo un vasto imperio. Sin embargo, sufrió numerosas pérdidas de territorios en Europa durante los siglos siguientes bajo los reinados de los Austria Menores y Felipe IV. Finalmente, la llegada de la dinastía Borbón en el siglo XVIII marcó el comienzo del declive del imperio español.
The 18th century Ancien Régime in Europe faced challenges from growing Enlightenment ideals and economic changes. The absolute monarchies that dominated society, politics, and the economy in countries like France and Spain came under increasing criticism. Enlightenment thinkers advocated for rational thinking, religious tolerance, and more egalitarian political systems with separation of powers. Meanwhile, the growth of trade and the bourgeoisie class eroded the power and privileges of the nobility and clergy. By the late 1700s, the Ancien Régime faced revolutionary pressures that would ultimately transform European societies.
London was established as the capital of Roman Britain in the 1st century AD. It grew to a population of around 60,000 but declined after the Romans left in the 5th century. In the medieval period, London was attacked by invading forces and established as the capital of Norman England after the conquest of 1066. During the Tudor period, London rose to become one of Europe's most important commercial and political centers and its population grew rapidly. In the 19th century, London was transformed into the largest and most influential city in the world as Britain's population and empire expanded globally.
El documento lista varios lugares y edificios de Barcelona de los siglos XIX y XX, incluyendo calles, teatros, mercados, plazas, el puerto y la estación de tren, así como fotografías de la ciudad durante eventos como la Exposición Internacional de 1929 y los bombardeos de 1939.
The document provides background information on the conflict in Northern Ireland known as "The Troubles":
- The conflict began in the late 1960s but has roots dating back to the 17th century involving questions of nationality, sovereignty, and colonialism.
- The community is divided between mainly Protestant unionists who want to remain in the UK, and mainly Catholic nationalists who want Northern Ireland to join the Republic of Ireland.
- Over 3,000 people have died since the conflict intensified in 1969, making it Europe's second deadliest conflict after Yugoslavia. While often portrayed as religious, the core issues involve nationality and colonialism.
The Congress of Vienna was organized in 1814-1815 after the defeat of Napoleon. It was organized by Metternich of Austria and aimed to restore absolutism in Europe and remodel the map. The key goals were maintaining the balance of power in Europe to prevent any one nation from becoming too powerful, restoring deposed monarchs to power, and weakening France while keeping it intact. The new map of Europe redrew borders and divided or consolidated territories among the great powers. However, the liberal and nationalist movements inspired by the French Revolution could not be suppressed and would eventually challenge this system.
The Tower of London is a historic castle located in central London on the River Thames. It was built in 1078 on the orders of William the Conqueror to serve as a royal residence and fortress. Over the centuries, the Tower of London has also functioned as a prison, place of execution, arsenal, royal mint, zoo, and jewel house. Many famous figures were imprisoned and executed at the Tower, including Anne Boleyn and Sir Walter Raleigh. Today it is a popular tourist attraction guarded by Beefeaters and houses the Crown Jewels.
Ireland declared itself neutral during World War 2, a period it referred to as "The Emergency". Eamon De Valera was the Taoiseach at this time. Though neutral, Ireland still felt effects of the war through censorship of news, rationing of food like sugar and meat, and shortages of coal that limited transportation options and required alternative fuels like turf. The document discusses both the advantages and disadvantages Ireland faced in remaining neutral.
Buckingham Palace is located in London between several parks and was originally built in 1705 for the Duke of Buckingham. It now serves as the Queen's official residence and contains 775 rooms, including a throne room, ballroom, and swimming pool. Parts of the palace are open to visitors, such as the Queen's Gallery which displays artwork from the royal collection, and the Royal Mews where royal carriages can be seen. The palace gardens are also open to the public and are the largest private garden in London.
Elizabeth I was Queen of England from 1558 until her death in 1603. She never married but faced pressure to choose a husband from foreign princes like Philip II of Spain and the Duke of Anjou of France. Her half-sister Mary Tudor preceded her after their father Henry VIII disowned Elizabeth upon his death. Elizabeth faced significant religious tensions during her rule between Catholics and Protestants, and she was eventually excommunicated by the Pope. She defeated the Spanish Armada in the 1580s, cementing England's status. Elizabeth died childless at age 69 and was succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland.
The Second Industrial Revolution from the 1870s-1910s was driven by oil, steel, internal combustion engines, electricity, and rapid communication technologies. It saw the rise of corporate research labs, increased patents, and advances in chemistry, biology, steel production, transportation (land, sea, and air), electricity, newspapers, and communication technologies like the telegraph, telephone, film, and radio. Mass production using these new fuels and technologies transformed economies and societies around the world.
London attracts over 14 million international visitors per year, making it the most visited city in Europe. Some of the top attractions include the British Museum, Tate Modern, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, and Imperial War Museum. In addition to the many museums, popular sites include Buckingham Palace, Big Ben, London Eye, galleries like the Tate Britain, and structures showcasing British architecture and history such as St. Paul's Cathedral and the Houses of Parliament.
El documento presenta información sobre varios lugares y edificios históricos de Barcelona, incluyendo la plaza de l'Escorxador, el Rec Comtal (un canal de riego desde el siglo X), la plaza de Cataluña antes de 1929, y el origen del nombre "Mercat del Ninot" que viene de una pequeña tasca con un monigote en su puerta.
Thompson and Venables grew up in similar troubled circumstances in Liverpool, England. Both boys had behavioral issues at school and engaged in criminal acts like shoplifting and violence against animals. While their upbringings shared similarities, their family lives differed - Thompson's mother struggled with alcoholism while Venables had a strict mother. The two 10-year-olds were tried and convicted for the 1993 murder of 2-year-old Jamie Bulger in a highly publicized and controversial trial. Both received life sentences but were released in 2001 under new identities. Venables later returned to prison for child pornography offenses.
The document consists of a single word: "THE". It does not provide enough context or information to generate a multi-sentence summary. The word "THE" on its own does not convey any essential information.
The document discusses flags that were used during slave uprisings and rebellions in various locations from the 17th-19th centuries. It describes flags used during the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina in 1739, by the Boni Maroons in Suriname in the 1770s, and during the Haitian Revolution from 1791-1803, including flags with slogans calling for death to whites or liberty or death. It also mentions a flag used during a rebellion led by Julien Fédon in Grenada in 1795 seeking freedom inspired by the French emancipation decree.
International affairs & history Quiz (Qutopia Session 12)Rahil Sur
The document discusses the Contras, who were rebel groups active in Nicaragua from 1979 to the early 1990s in opposition to the Sandinista government. The largest group was the Nicaraguan Democratic Force. In 1987, most groups united as the Nicaraguan Resistance. The term "Contra" comes from the Spanish word meaning "against." The document also discusses the Rwandan genocide of 1994 where an estimated 500,000-1,000,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed by Hutu extremists. Finally, it mentions the "Football War" fought between Honduras and El Salvador in 1969 which began after violent clashes between fans at 1970 FIFA World Cup qualifiers.
The Edwardian Age saw political and social changes in England. King Edward VII helped negotiate foreign policy agreements and founded the Order of Merit. The Liberals were elected in 1906 and created welfare programs. This period also saw industrial unrest, with strikes over high prices and low wages, as well as the suffragette movement fighting for women's right to vote. Edward VII was succeeded by King George V in 1910. World War I began in 1914 and involved the Central Powers versus the Triple Entente. "Shell shock" referred to the psychological effects of shell explosions on soldiers. The U.S. joined the war in 1917. The war ended with the 1918 armistice and 1919 Treaty of Versailles.
The Edwardian Age saw political and social changes in England. King Edward VII helped negotiate foreign policy and founded the Order of Merit in 1902. The Liberals were elected in 1906 and created welfare programs. This period also saw industrial unrest, with strikes over high prices and low wages, as well as the suffragette movement fighting for women's right to vote. Edward VII was succeeded by King George V in 1910. World War I began in 1914 and involved the Central Powers versus the Triple Entente. "Shell shock" referred to the psychological effects of shell explosions. The U.S. joined the war in 1917. The war ended with the 1918 armistice and 1919 Treaty of Versailles.
This document provides summaries of important books, documents, and authors from the 18th through 20th centuries in the United States and England. Some of the key works and authors summarized include Thomas Paine's "Common Sense," the Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson, Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations," the Federalist Papers written under the pseudonym "Publius" by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, Frederick Douglass' "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave," Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle," Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring," Betty Friedan's "The Feminine Mystique," and Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's "All the
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His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
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Date: May 29, 2024
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
2. Major Themes of This Session
Encountering the “Other”
On the last frontiers
Mass media, the masses & democracy
From Colonialism to Imperialism
HEIC
The Raj
The Imperialist Scramble
Africa
Anglo-Zulu War, 1879
Khartoum, 1863-1898
Omdurman, 2 September 1898
Fashoda, 18 September 1898
Boer Wars, 1880-1904
The Laggards
Italy
Germany
Belgium
Russia
The Newcomers
Japan
The United States
Concluding Thoughts on
Imperialism
3. The Commercial Revolution at the end of the Middle Ages led to the Age of Exploration and
Discovery. Voila! Encounter with the Other.
To describe the motivations of these sixteenth century “imperialists,” the phrase “God, Gold and
Glory” has been coined.
The more temperate zones of the New World and Far East proved suitable for White Settlement
Colonies such as New Spain, New France and New England. Here intense rivalry with one
another and the original inhabitants led to debates over the proper policies and relations with
these “colored peoples.”
As we have already seen, by the nineteenth century the Enlightenment was giving way before
the movements of Romanticism, the Industrial Revolution and the War between Science and
Religion.
We will now see in this session how Imperialism emerged from this witches’ brew of conflicting
ideas.
jbp
18. This Wasn’t in the Script!
everywhere “colored peoples” were beginning to notice
19. This Wasn’t in the Script!
everywhere “colored peoples” were beginning to notice
WEB DuBois in America
20. This Wasn’t in the Script!
everywhere “colored peoples” were beginning to notice
WEB DuBois in America
Ho Chi Minh in French Indo-China
21. This Wasn’t in the Script!
everywhere “colored peoples” were beginning to notice
WEB DuBois in America
Ho Chi Minh in French Indo-China
Mao tse Tung in China
22. This Wasn’t in the Script!
everywhere “colored peoples” were beginning to notice
WEB DuBois in America
Ho Chi Minh in French Indo-China
Mao tse Tung in China
23. This Wasn’t in the Script!
everywhere “colored peoples” were beginning to notice
WEB DuBois in America
Ho Chi Minh in French Indo-China
Mao tse Tung in China
Mohandas K. Gandhi in London studying law
24. This Wasn’t in the Script!
everywhere “colored peoples” were beginning to notice
WEB DuBois in America
Ho Chi Minh in French Indo-China
Mao tse Tung in China
Mohandas K. Gandhi in London studying law
25. This Wasn’t in the Script!
everywhere “colored peoples” were beginning to notice
WEB DuBois in America
Ho Chi Minh in French Indo-China
Mao tse Tung in China
Mohandas K. Gandhi in London studying law
the myth of white supremacy and invincibility began to crumble
26. This Wasn’t in the Script!
everywhere “colored peoples” were beginning to notice
WEB DuBois in America
Ho Chi Minh in French Indo-China
Mao tse Tung in China
Mohandas K. Gandhi in London studying law
the myth of white supremacy and invincibility began to crumble
it moved from being conventional wisdom to the status of core belief to an
increasingly small and embittered fringe group
27. This Wasn’t in the Script!
everywhere “colored peoples” were beginning to notice
WEB DuBois in America
Ho Chi Minh in French Indo-China
Mao tse Tung in China
Mohandas K. Gandhi in London studying law
the myth of white supremacy and invincibility began to crumble
it moved from being conventional wisdom to the status of core belief to an
increasingly small and embittered fringe group
33. dissolve
[Victor Davis] Hanson is the author of the 2001 book Carnage and Culture (Doubleday), published in Great
Britain and the Commonwealth countries as Why the West Has Won, in which he argued that the military
dominance of Western civilization, beginning with the ancient Greeks, results from certain fundamental aspects
of Western culture, such as consensual government, a tradition of self-critique, secular rationalism, religious
tolerance, individual freedom, free expression, free markets, and individualism. Hanson's emphasis on cultural
exception rejects racial explanations for Western military preeminence and disagrees as well with environmental
or geographical determinist explanations such as those put forth by Jared Diamond in Guns, Germs, and Steel
(1997).[5]
According to Hanson, Western values such as political freedom, capitalism, individualism, democracy, scientific
inquiry, rationalism, and open debate form an especially lethal combination when applied to warfare. Non-
western societies can win occasional victories when warring against a society with these western values, writes
Hanson, but the "Western way of war" will likely prevail in the long run. Hanson emphasizes that western warfare
is not necessarily more (or less) moral than war as practiced by other cultures; his argument is simply that the
"Western way of war" is unequaled in its emphases on devastation and decisiveness, fueled by superior
technology and logistics.
Carnage and Culture examines nine battles throughout history, each of which is used to illustrate a particular
aspect of Western culture that Hanson believes contributes to the dominance of Western warfare. The battles or
campaigns recounted (with themes in parenthesis) are the Battle of Salamis (480 BC; free citizens), the Battle of
Gaugamela (331 BC; the decisive battle of annihilation), the Battle of Cannae (216 BC; civic militarism), the
Battle of Tours/Poitiers (732; infantry), the Battle of Tenochtitlan (1521; technology and reason), the Battle of
Lepanto (1571; capitalism), the Battle of Rorke's Drift (1879; discipline), the Battle of Midway (1942;
individualism), and the Tet Offensive (1968; dissent).
Though Carnage and Culture appeared before the September 11 attacks of 2001, its message that the "Western
way of war" will ultimately prevail made the book a bestseller in the wake of those events. Immediately after
9/11, Carnage and Culture was re-issued with a new afterword by Hanson in which he explicitly stated that the
United States government would win its "War on Terror" for the reasons stated in the book.—Wikipedia
35. The Last Frontier
Victorian Gentlemen Adventurers
"The Pilgrim", illustration from Burton's Personal Narrative (Burton disguised as "Haji Abdullah", 1853)
54. From Colonialism to
Imperialism, 1815-1870
Victoria
as
Empress
of
India
New Crowns for Old depicts
Prime Minister Disraeli
offering Queen Victoria an
imperial crown in exchange
for an earl's coronet. She
m a d e h i m E a r l o f
Beaconsfield at this time.—
John Tenniel , Punch, 1876
73. The Congo conference 1884/1885 in Berlin laid the basis for the
Scramble for Africa, the colonial division of the continent—Wikipedia
74. The Congo conference 1884/1885 in Berlin laid the basis for the
Scramble for Africa, the colonial division of the continent—Wikipedia
75. The Congo conference 1884/1885 in Berlin laid the basis for the
Scramble for Africa, the colonial division of the continent—Wikipedia
Fürst Bismarck
91. Isandlwana
This is a photo of Isandlwana the hill in Kwazulu Natal, South Africa where the Battle of Isandlwana
was fought.
The cairn in foreground is one of many marking the location of British mass graves at the site.—
Wikipedia
92. Isandlwana
This is a photo of Isandlwana the hill in Kwazulu Natal, South Africa where the Battle of Isandlwana
was fought.
The cairn in foreground is one of many marking the location of British mass graves at the site.—
Wikipedia
100. dissolve
When it came to tv in 1965 (?) I used the high school’s primitive VCR (reel-to-reel
½ inch tape) to record it for my students. It was Michael Caine’s first big part. He
played the junior co-commander of this heroic defense—jbp
131. The Fashoda Incident or Crisis was the climax of imperial territorial disputes between Britain and
France in Eastern Africa, occurring in 1898. A French expedition to Fashoda on the White Nile river
sought to gain control of the Upper Nile river basin and thereby exclude Britain from the Sudan. The
French party and a British-Egyptian force (outnumbering the French by 10 to 1) met on friendly terms,
but back in Europe, it became a war scare. The British held firm as both empires stood on the verge of
war with heated rhetoric on both sides. Under heavy pressure the French withdrew, securing Anglo-
Egyptian control over the area. The status quo was recognized by an agreement between the two
states acknowledging British control over Egypt, while France became the dominant power in Morocco.
France had failed in its main goals. P.M.H. Bell says:
"Between the two governments there was a brief battle of wills, with the British insisting on immediate and unconditional
French withdrawal from Fashoda. The French had to accept these terms, amounting to a public humiliation....Fashoda was
long remembered in France as an example of British brutality and injustice.”
It was a diplomatic victory for the British as the French realized that in the long run they needed the
friendship of Britain in case of a war between France and Germany. It was the last crisis between the
two that involved a threat of war (until 1940) and opened the way for closer relations in the Entente
cordiale of 1904.—Wikipedia
132.
133. The Boer Wars
The Fashoda affair left the British in a bumptious and exalted mood, and, a year later, this led
them into difficulties in South Africa that proved, in the end, to be more humiliating than the
French experience. To explain the incident, one must recall Britain’s attempt to assert control over
the Boers in the Transvaal in 1877 and its setback at Majuba Hill.• That earlier conflict had been
terminated by an agreement that…was ambiguous in wording and meaning, being interpreted by
the Boers as a grant of independence but by the British as an understanding that the Transvaal was
part of the British empire and subject to British supervision in foreign and other affairs.
Gordon A. Craig, Europe Since 1815, 3rd edition. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1971. p. 420.
134. The Boer Wars
The Fashoda affair left the British in a bumptious and exalted mood, and, a year later, this led
them into difficulties in South Africa that proved, in the end, to be more humiliating than the
French experience. To explain the incident, one must recall Britain’s attempt to assert control over
the Boers in the Transvaal in 1877 and its setback at Majuba Hill.• That earlier conflict had been
terminated by an agreement that…was ambiguous in wording and meaning, being interpreted by
the Boers as a grant of independence but by the British as an understanding that the Transvaal was
part of the British empire and subject to British supervision in foreign and other affairs.
Gordon A. Craig, Europe Since 1815, 3rd edition. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1971. p. 420.
136. The Jameson Raid
29 Dec 1895-2 Jan 1896
1870-the pastoralist life of the Boers in Orange Free
State and Transvaal was first shattered with the
discovery of the Kimberly diamond field
137. The Jameson Raid
29 Dec 1895-2 Jan 1896
1870-the pastoralist life of the Boers in Orange Free
State and Transvaal was first shattered with the
discovery of the Kimberly diamond field
conflicts ensued between the British capitalist
exploiters, whom the Boers labelled Uitlanders, and
the trekkers (the Great Trek of the 1830s)
138.
139. The Jameson Raid
29 Dec 1895-2 Jan 1896
1870-the pastoralist life of the Boers in Orange Free
State and Transvaal was first shattered with the
discovery of the Kimberly diamond field
conflicts ensued between the British capitalist
exploiters, whom the Boers labelled Uitlanders, and
the trekkers (the Great Trek of the 1830s)
1884-Gladstone’s government had recognized (sort
of) the independence of Transvaal following the First
Boer War. No one knew there would be a gold rush
two years later
140. The Jameson Raid
29 Dec 1895-2 Jan 1896
1870-the pastoralist life of the Boers in Orange Free
State and Transvaal was first shattered with the
discovery of the Kimberly diamond field
conflicts ensued between the British capitalist
exploiters, whom the Boers labelled Uitlanders, and
the trekkers (the Great Trek of the 1830s)
1884-Gladstone’s government had recognized (sort
of) the independence of Transvaal following the First
Boer War. No one knew there would be a gold rush
two years later
1886-now added to the diamond mines were the gold
fields of the Witwatersrand. Conflicts between Boers
and Britishers multiplied
141. The Jameson Raid
29 Dec 1895-2 Jan 1896
1870-the pastoralist life of the Boers in Orange Free
State and Transvaal was first shattered with the
discovery of the Kimberly diamond field
conflicts ensued between the British capitalist
exploiters, whom the Boers labelled Uitlanders, and
the trekkers (the Great Trek of the 1830s)
1884-Gladstone’s government had recognized (sort
of) the independence of Transvaal following the First
Boer War. No one knew there would be a gold rush
two years later
1886-now added to the diamond mines were the gold
fields of the Witwatersrand. Conflicts between Boers
and Britishers multiplied
1895-96-finally this botched raid by Cecil Rhodes’
employee failed to trigger an uprising by the
“oppressed” Uitlanders. The raiders were arrested
142.
143. This affair, promptly disavowed by the British government, caused a worldwide sensation and
elicited a personal telegram of encouragement to the Boer government from Emperor William II of
Germany. The emperor’s message, with its implication that the Transvaal was an independent state
with the right to call on other powers for support, was greatly resented in Great Britain, but it
confirmed the Boers in their discriminatory policy with respect to the Uitlanders. This led to
British claims that Kruger…”
Craig, op. cit. pp. 421-22.
144. This affair, promptly disavowed by the British government, caused a worldwide sensation and
elicited a personal telegram of encouragement to the Boer government from Emperor William II of
Germany. The emperor’s message, with its implication that the Transvaal was an independent state
with the right to call on other powers for support, was greatly resented in Great Britain, but it
confirmed the Boers in their discriminatory policy with respect to the Uitlanders. This led to
British claims that Kruger was intent on expelling the British from South Africa entirely and
establishing a great Boer state. In negotiations in 1899 the British demanded that the grievances of
their subjects be satisfied and that the right of suffrage be accorded them. The Boers refused and,
after further inconclusive talks and a number of incidents, war broke out between the British on
one hand and the Transvaal and their sister republic, the Orange Free State, on the other.
It was a conflict in which the British won no reputation and which led the British poet Kipling •
Craig, op. cit. pp. 421-22.
145. This affair, promptly disavowed by the British government, caused a worldwide sensation and
elicited a personal telegram of encouragement to the Boer government from Emperor William II of
Germany. The emperor’s message, with its implication that the Transvaal was an independent state
with the right to call on other powers for support, was greatly resented in Great Britain, but it
confirmed the Boers in their discriminatory policy with respect to the Uitlanders. This led to
British claims that Kruger • was intent on expelling the British from South Africa entirely and
establishing a great Boer state. In negotiations in 1899 the British demanded that the grievances of
their subjects be satisfied and that the right of suffrage be accorded them. The Boers refused and,
after further inconclusive talks and a number of incidents, war broke out between the British on
one hand and the Transvaal and their sister republic, the Orange Free State, on the other.
It was a conflict in which the British won no reputation and which led the British poet Kipling •
to write later:
Craig, op. cit. pp. 421-22.
Let us admit it fairly as a business people should.
We have had no end of a lesson, it will do us no end of good.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156. To defeat the sixty thousand men whom the Boers put in the field, the British had to employ
350,000 and to fight until 1902 suffering heavy casualties and heavier monetary expenditures.…”
Craig, op. cit. p. 422.
157. To defeat the sixty thousand men whom the Boers put in the field, the British had to employ
350,000 and to fight until 1902 suffering heavy casualties and heavier monetary expenditures.…”
Craig, op. cit. p. 422.
158. To defeat the sixty thousand men whom the Boers put in the field, the British had to employ
350,000 and to fight until 1902 suffering heavy casualties and heavier monetary expenditures.• In
the end, they were successful and were wise enough to put the victory to good use—treated the
defeated with leniency, granting extensive measures of self-government to the Boer governments,
and, thus, making possible the act of September 1909 that combined Transvaal, the Orange Free
State, Natal province, and the Cape province into the South African Union. But, in the course of all
this, a good many illusions had been dissipated, and the popularity of imperialism in Great Britain
had been dimmed.
Craig, op. cit. p. 422.
168. Bismarck had been content to
smoke his meerschaum and plan
social reforms. Let the other
Great Powers pursue colonial
adventures.
source: Kladderadatsch, 1884.
179. The Belgian Congo
Imperialist horror story
Mutilated Congolese children, image from King
Leopold's Soliloquy,• Mark Twain’s political
satire, where the aging king complains that the
incorruptible camera was the only witness he
had encountered in his long experience that he
could not bribe. The book was illustrated with
photographs by Harris--Wikipedia
185. The A.B.I.R Company
The Abir Congo Company (founded as the Anglo-Belgian India
Rubber Company and later known as the Compagnie du Congo
Belge) was a company that exploited natural rubber in the Congo Free
State, the private property of King Leopold II of Belgium. The company
was founded with British and Belgian capital and was based in
Belgium. By 1898 there were no longer any British shareholders and
the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company changed its name to the Abir
Congo Company and changed its residence for tax purposes to the
Free State. The company was granted a large concession in the north
of the country and the rights to tax the inhabitants. This tax was taken
in the form of rubber obtained from a relatively rare rubber vine. The
collection system revolved around a series of trade posts along the two
main rivers in the concession. Each post was commanded by a
European agent and manned with armed sentries to enforce taxation
and punish any rebels.
Abir enjoyed a boom through the late 1890s, by selling a kilogram of
rubber in Europe for up to 10 fr which had cost them just 1.35 fr.
However, this came at a cost to the human rights of those who could
not pay the tax with imprisonment, flogging and other corporal
punishment recorded. Abir's failure to suppress destructive harvesting
methods and to maintain rubber plantations meant that the vines
became increasingly scarce and by 1904 profits began to fall. During
the early 1900s famine and disease spread across the concession, a
natural disaster judged by some to have been exacerbated by Abir's
operations, further hindering rubber collection. The 1900s also saw
widespread rebellions against Abir's rule in the concession and
attempts at mass migration to the French Congo or southwards. These
events typically resulted in Abir dispatching an armed force to restore
order.—Wikipedia In the rubber coils – a Punch cartoon depicting Leopold II
as a rubber vine entangling a Congolese rubber collector
190. Prelude to the Great Game
Here we are, just as we were, snarling at each other, hating each other, but
neither wishing for war. - Lord Palmerston (1835)
1828-after coming to power he had to respond to a
Persian attack. His victory made Russia the dominant
power in the Caucasus
Nicholas I: Николай I Павлович, 1796 – 1825–1855
191. Prelude to the Great Game
Here we are, just as we were, snarling at each other, hating each other, but
neither wishing for war. - Lord Palmerston (1835)
1828-after coming to power he had to respond to a
Persian attack. His victory made Russia the dominant
power in the Caucasus
1824-1854-Russia occupied the entire Kazakh Khanate
(modern-day Kazakhstan). This raised Russo-Khivan
tensions in addition to:
Khiva’s legal discrimination of Russian merchants who were
just beginning to penetrate Central Asia,
192. Prelude to the Great Game
Here we are, just as we were, snarling at each other, hating each other, but
neither wishing for war. - Lord Palmerston (1835)
1828-after coming to power he had to respond to a
Persian attack. His victory made Russia the dominant
power in the Caucasus
1824-1854-Russia occupied the entire Kazakh Khanate
(modern-day Kazakhstan). This raised Russo-Khivan
tensions in addition to:
Khiva’s legal discrimination of Russian merchants who were
just beginning to penetrate Central Asia,
and the ongoing issue of Russian slaves.
1839–40 Russia launched an attack but it failed to
reach Khiva because of the tough terrain and weather
However, the khan of Khiva feared a further Russian
assault and released a number of Russian slaves
193. Britain’s Response
In the historical sense the term dated from the mid-19th century. "The Great Game" is attributed to Captain
Arthur Conolly (1807–42) • who had been appointed as a political officer. In July 1840, in correspondence
to Major Henry Rawlinson •
194. Britain’s Response
In the historical sense the term dated from the mid-19th century. "The Great Game" is attributed to Captain
Arthur Conolly (1807–42) • who had been appointed as a political officer. In July 1840, in correspondence
to Major Henry Rawlinson •
195. Britain’s Response
In the historical sense the term dated from the mid-19th century. "The Great Game" is attributed to Captain
Arthur Conolly (1807–42) • who had been appointed as a political officer. In July 1840, in correspondence
to Major Henry Rawlinson • who had been recently appointed as the new political agent in Kandahar,•
196.
197.
198.
199.
200. Britain’s Response
In the historical sense the term dated from the mid-19th century. "The Great Game" is attributed to Captain
Arthur Conolly (1807–42) • who had been appointed as a political officer. In July 1840, in correspondence
to Major Henry Rawlinson • who had been recently appointed as the new political agent in Kandahar,•
Conolly wrote, "You've a great game, a noble game, before you." Conolly believed that Rawlinson's new
post gave him the opportunity to advance humanitarianism in Afghanistan, and summed up his hopes:
If the British Government would only play the grand game – help Russia cordially to all that she has a
right to expect – shake hands with Persia – get her all possible amends from Oosbegs [Uzbeks]– force the
Bokhara Amir to be just to us, the Afghans, and other Oosbeg states, and his own kingdom – but why go
on; you know my, at any rate in one sense, enlarged views. Inshallah! The expediency, nay the necessity
of them will be seen, and we shall play the noble part that the first Christian nation of the world ought to
fill."
The Great Game began on 12 January 1830 when Lord Ellenborough, the President of the Board of
Control for India, tasked Lord William Bentinck, the Governor-General, to establish a new trade route to
the Emirate of Bukhara.
201.
202. Britain’s Response
In the historical sense the term dated from the mid-19th century. "The Great Game" is attributed to Captain
Arthur Conolly (1807–42) • who had been appointed as a political officer. In July 1840, in correspondence
to Major Henry Rawlinson • who had been recently appointed as the new political agent in Kandahar,•
Conolly wrote, "You've a great game, a noble game, before you." Conolly believed that Rawlinson's new
post gave him the opportunity to advance humanitarianism in Afghanistan, and summed up his hopes:
If the British Government would only play the grand game – help Russia cordially to all that she has a
right to expect – shake hands with Persia – get her all possible amends from Oosbegs [Uzbeks]– force the
Bokhara Amir to be just to us, the Afghans, and other Oosbeg states, and his own kingdom – but why go
on; you know my, at any rate in one sense, enlarged views. Inshallah! The expediency, nay the necessity
of them will be seen, and we shall play the noble part that the first Christian nation of the world ought to
fill."
The Great Game began on 12 January 1830 when Lord Ellenborough, the President of the Board of
Control for India, tasked Lord William Bentinck, the Governor-General, to establish a new trade route to
the Emirate of Bukhara. Britain intended to gain control over the Emirate of Afghanistan and make it a
protectorate, and to use the Ottoman Empire, the Persian Empire, the Khanate of Khiva, and the Emirate of
Bukhara as buffer states between both empires. This would protect India and also key British sea trade
routes by stopping Russia from gaining a port on the Persian Gulf or the Indian Ocean. Russia proposed
Afghanistan as the neutral zone.[6] The results included the failed First Anglo-Afghan War of 1838, the First
Anglo-Sikh War of 1845, the Second Anglo-Sikh War of 1848, the Second Anglo-Afghan War of 1878, and
the annexation of Khiva, Bukhara, and Kokand by Russia.—Wikipedia
203. The Game concluded
1907
Some authors believe that the Great Game came to a close with the
three Anglo-Russian agreements of 1907 which delineated the
spheres of interest between British India and Russian Central Asia
in the borderland areas of Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet.•Another
that it was trailing off not long after that time, and another with the
Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 and the end of Russia's interest in
Persia. One has stated that unofficially, the Great Game in Central
Asia might never end.•
Afghanistan maintained its independence throughout the century
204. The Game concluded
1907
Some authors believe that the Great Game came to a close with the
three Anglo-Russian agreements of 1907 which delineated the
spheres of interest between British India and Russian Central Asia
in the borderland areas of Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet.
Afghanistan maintained its independence throughout the century
205. The Game concluded
1907
Some authors believe that the Great Game came to a close with the
three Anglo-Russian agreements of 1907 which delineated the
spheres of interest between British India and Russian Central Asia
in the borderland areas of Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet.
Afghanistan maintained its independence throughout the century
206. The Game concluded
1907
Some authors believe that the Great Game came to a close with the
three Anglo-Russian agreements of 1907 which delineated the
spheres of interest between British India and Russian Central Asia
in the borderland areas of Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet.
Afghanistan maintained its independence throughout the century
207. The Game concluded
1907
Some authors believe that the Great Game came to a close with the
three Anglo-Russian agreements of 1907 which delineated the
spheres of interest between British India and Russian Central Asia
in the borderland areas of Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet.•Another
that it was trailing off not long after that time, and another with the
Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 and the end of Russia's interest in
Persia. One has stated that unofficially, the Great Game in Central
Asia might never end.•
Afghanistan maintained its independence throughout the century
When everyone is dead, the Great Game is finished. Not before. - Rudyard Kipling
258. When productive capacity grew faster than consumer demand, there was very soon
an excess of this capacity (relative to consumer demand), and, hence, there were
few profitable domestic investment outlets. Foreign investment was the only
answer. But, insofar as the same problem existed in every industrialized capitalist
country, such foreign investment was possible only if non-capitalist countries could
be "civilized", "Christianized", and "uplifted" — that is, if their traditional institutions
could be forcefully destroyed, and the people coercively brought under the domain
of the "invisible hand" of market capitalism. So, imperialism was the only answer.
— E.K. Hunt, History of Economic Thought, 2nd ed. page 355.—quoted in the Wiki article on J.A. Hobson
264. So from a noble Christian undertaking based on an impeccable scientific rationale, imperialism
became the object of moral opprobrium by the mid-twentieth century.
The Spanish have a proverb: ¡Oy los Flores, Mañana las Manzanas! (Today the flowers [are
thrown at you], tomorrow the [rotten] apples).
World War II had exhausted the remaining colonial powers. Churchill was out and Britain gave
up Palestine and India. When Britain and France created the Suez Crisis (29 Oct 56), Ike sided
with Nasser. The ‘sixties saw most of the remaining African colonies abandoned to a precarious
independence. Ironically, Portugal, the first African colonizer, would be the last to surrender.
But that’s a way “nother” story!
jbp