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- 1. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY (MIL) Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information (Part 3) Plagiarism Mr. Arniel Ping St. Stephen’s High School Manila, Philippines MIL PPT 18 Updated: June 11, 2017
- 2. Learning Competencies Learners will be able to… • define plagiarism (SSHS); • identify and explain the different types of plagiarism (SSHS); • discuss the importance of understanding the different types of plagiarism (SSHS); • practice academic honesty and integrity by not committing plagiarism (SSHS); and • discuss and evaluate notable cases of plagiarism in the Philippines (SSHS).
- 3. Topic Outline I. Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information A. Plagiarism 1. Definitions 2. Types of Plagiarism 3. Use of Images, Videos, and Music 4. Preventing Plagiarism B. Famous Cases of Plagiarism in the Philippines
- 4. VIDEO PRESENTATION Plagiarism - Saturday Night Live YouTube Channel: Saturday Night Live Uploaded August 16, 2013, Retrieved October 29, 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDxN4c_CmpI
- 5. VIDEO PRESENTATION Understanding Plagiarism YouTube Channel: YSJ ADD Uploaded January 22, 2013, Retrieved October 29, 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRJL82uhwyU
- 6. What is plagiarism? Plagiarism the act of using another person's words or ideas without giving credit to that person http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarism The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/plagiarism
- 7. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM Retrieved on October 29, 2016 from http://www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_ plagiarism.doc. Note: Document provided by Turnitin.com and Research Resources. Turnitin allows free distribution and non-profit use of this document in educational settings.
- 8. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM Sources Not Cited The Ghost Writer The Photocopy The Potluck Paper The Poor Disguise The Labor of Laziness The Self-stealer Sources Cited The Forgotten Footnote Misinformer The Too-perfect Paraphrase The Resourceful Citer The Perfect crime
- 9. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED 1. “The Ghost Writer” The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own. Source: http://rainbowriting.com/ghostwriter-resume/
- 10. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED 2. “The Photocopy” The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source, without alteration. Source: http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/ photocopying-books-for-students-copyright-high- court-3075857/
- 11. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED 3. “The Potluck Paper” The writer copies from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining most of the original phrasing. Source: http://www.laweekly.com/restaurants/10- potluck-etiquette-rules-2374604
- 12. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED 4. “The Poor Disguise” The writer has altered the paper’s appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases. Source: https://www.amazon.com/Accoutremen ts-Fuzzy-Glasses-Classic- Disguise/dp/B000JNS2ZS
- 13. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED 5. “The Labor of Laziness” The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together. Source: https://heartofashepherd.com/2015/07/06/proverbs-69- 11-failing-to-instill-a-daily-discipline-of-study-and-labor- in-your-child-allows-the-laziness-of-a-sluggard-to- become-a-predictable-path-to-poverty-and-sorrow-2/
- 14. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED 6. “The Self-Stealer” The writer “borrows” generously from his or her previous work. Source: http://com1010.library.wayne.edu/
- 15. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED) 1. “The Forgotten Footnote” The writer mentions an author’s name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the location of the material referenced. Source: http://drennank.wonecks.net/2011/08/12/forg ot-to-register/
- 16. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED) 2. “The Misinformer” The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it impossible to find them. Source: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pinocchio- for-ipad-iphone/id422133774?mt=8
- 17. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED) 3. “The Too-Perfect Paraphrase” The writer properly cites a source, but neglects to put in quotation marks on text that has been copied word-for-word, or close to it. Source: http://www.webslaw.com/how-to-craft- the-perfect-lawyer-bio.php
- 18. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED) 4. “The Resourceful Citer” The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The catch? The paper contains almost no original work! Source: http://w ww.free pik.com/ free- photo/y oung- man- holding- many- books_8 57159.ht m
- 19. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED) 5. “The Perfect Crime” The writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without citation. Source: http://www.manilaspeak.com/commentary /plagiarism%E2%80%95an-academic-crime
- 20. WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC? Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/ Source: https://www.sagaftra.org/musicvideos
- 21. WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC? Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/ Without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation, the following are considered plagiarism: • Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or websites. • Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack.
- 22. WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC? Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/ Without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation, the following are considered plagiarism: • Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover). • Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition.
- 23. Formative Assessment: Recitation Questions 1. What is plagiarism? 2. What are the different types of plagiarism? Give an example. 3. Why is it important to understand the different types of plagiarism? Source: http://www.plagiarism.com/
- 24. Formative Assessment: Recitation Questions 3. Why should you avoid plagiarism? 4. How can you avoid plagiarism? Source: http://www.plagiarism.com/
- 25. Famous Cases of Plagiarism in the Philippines MVP in Hot Water Over ‘Plagiarized' Speech ABS-CBN News YouTube Channel: ABS-CBN News Uploaded April 4, 2010, Retrieved October 29, 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRJL82uhwyU
- 26. Famous Cases of Plagiarism in the Philippines 24Oras: Tito Sotto, Nanindigang Hindi Siya Nag-plagiarize YouTube Channel: GMA News and Public Affairs, Uploaded Nov. 13, 2012, Retrieved October 29, 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZnkflY0L-c
- 27. Famous Cases of Plagiarism in the Philippines Saksi: Exclusive: UP Graduate Student na Nag- plagiarize ng Litrato sa mga Contest, Nag-sorry YouTube Channel: GMA News and Public Affairs Uploaded September 24, 2013, Retrieved October 29, 2016 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HptWz86Fve0
- 28. Formative Assessment: Recitation Question 1. How was plagiarism committed in these events? 2. How could have those personalities avoid plagiarism? 3. Why does plagiarism matters? Source: http://www.plagiarism.com/
- 29. References • Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan, Diwa Learning Systems Inc. • http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is- plagiarism/ • http://www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of _plagiarism.doc • https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skil ls/plagiarism?wssl=1 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRJL82uhwyU
Editor's Notes
- Types of Plagiarism Anyone who has written or graded a paper knows that plagiarism is not always a black-and-white issue. The boundary between plagiarism and research is often unclear. Learning to recognize the various forms of plagiarism, especially the more ambiguous ones, is an important step in the fight to prevent it. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- Types of Plagiarism Anyone who has written or graded a paper knows that plagiarism is not always a black-and-white issue. The boundary between plagiarism and research is often unclear. Learning to recognize the various forms of plagiarism, especially the more ambiguous ones, is an important step in the fight to prevent it. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- 1. “The Ghost Writer” The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- 2. “The Photocopy” The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source, without alteration. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- 3. “The Potluck Paper” The writer tries to disguise plagiarism by copying from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining most of the original phrasing. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- 4. “The Poor Disguise” Although the writer has retained the essential content of the source, he or she has altered the paper’s appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- 5. “The Labor of Laziness” The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together, instead of spending the same effort on original work. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- 6. “The Self-Stealer” The writer “borrows” generously from his or her previous work, violating policies concerning the expectation of originality adopted by most academic institutions. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- 1. “The Forgotten Footnote” The writer mentions an author’s name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the location of the material referenced. This often masks other forms of plagiarism by obscuring source locations. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- 2. “The Misinformer” The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it impossible to find them. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- 3. “The Too-Perfect Paraphrase” The writer properly cites a source, but neglects to put in quotation marks text that has been copied word-for-word, or close to it. Although attributing the basic ideas to the source, the writer is falsely claiming original presentation and interpretation of the information. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- 4. “The Resourceful Citer” The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The catch? The paper contains almost no original work! It is sometimes difficult to spot this form of plagiarism because it looks like any other well-researched document. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- 5. “The Perfect Crime” Well, we all know it doesn’t exist. In this case, the writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without citation. This way, the writer tries to pass off the paraphrased material as his or her own analysis of the cited material. Source: www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_plagiarism.doc
- WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC? Using an image, video or piece of music in a work you have produced without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation is plagiarism. The following activities are very common in today’s society. Despite their popularity, they still count as plagiarism. -Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or websites. -Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack. -Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover). -Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition. Certainly, these media pose situations in which it can be challenging to determine whether or not the copyrights of a work are being violated. For example: -A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for example: using a photograph of a book cover to represent that book on one’s website) -Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music or video is playing in the background. -Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. (for example: shooting a photograph that uses the same composition and subject matter as someone else’s photograph) -Re-creating a visual work in a different medium (for example: making a painting that closely resembles another person’s photograph). -Re-mixing or altering copyrighted images, video or audio, even if done so in an original way. The legality of these situations, and others, would be dependent upon the intent and context within which they are produced. The two safest approaches to take in regards to these situations is: 1) Avoid them altogether or 2) Confirm the works’ usage permissions and cite them properly. Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/
- WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC? Using an image, video or piece of music in a work you have produced without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation is plagiarism. The following activities are very common in today’s society. Despite their popularity, they still count as plagiarism. -Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or websites. -Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack. -Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover). -Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition. Certainly, these media pose situations in which it can be challenging to determine whether or not the copyrights of a work are being violated. For example: -A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for example: using a photograph of a book cover to represent that book on one’s website) -Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music or video is playing in the background. -Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. (for example: shooting a photograph that uses the same composition and subject matter as someone else’s photograph) -Re-creating a visual work in a different medium (for example: making a painting that closely resembles another person’s photograph). -Re-mixing or altering copyrighted images, video or audio, even if done so in an original way. The legality of these situations, and others, would be dependent upon the intent and context within which they are produced. The two safest approaches to take in regards to these situations is: 1) Avoid them altogether or 2) Confirm the works’ usage permissions and cite them properly. Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/
- WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC? Using an image, video or piece of music in a work you have produced without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation is plagiarism. The following activities are very common in today’s society. Despite their popularity, they still count as plagiarism. -Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or websites. -Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack. -Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover). -Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition. Certainly, these media pose situations in which it can be challenging to determine whether or not the copyrights of a work are being violated. For example: -A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for example: using a photograph of a book cover to represent that book on one’s website) -Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music or video is playing in the background. -Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. (for example: shooting a photograph that uses the same composition and subject matter as someone else’s photograph) -Re-creating a visual work in a different medium (for example: making a painting that closely resembles another person’s photograph). -Re-mixing or altering copyrighted images, video or audio, even if done so in an original way. The legality of these situations, and others, would be dependent upon the intent and context within which they are produced. The two safest approaches to take in regards to these situations is: 1) Avoid them altogether or 2) Confirm the works’ usage permissions and cite them properly. Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/
- Why does plagiarism matters? Plagiarism is a breach of academic integrity. It is a principle of intellectual honesty that all members of the academic community should acknowledge their debt to the originators of the ideas, words, and data which form the basis for their own work. Passing off another’s work as your own is not only poor scholarship, but also means that you have failed to complete the learning process. Plagiarism is unethical and can have serious consequences for your future career; it also undermines the standards of your institution and of the degrees it issues. (Source: https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism?wssl=1)