1. Dose data from CT scans can be stored and archived in a PACS system using DICOM.
2. Stored dose data can then be analyzed and mined through statistics to calculate dose exposure trends.
3. This dose data mining is currently challenging due to limitations in PACS query functions and the DICOM standard, but remains an important area for improving radiation safety.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses 3D diagnostics in orofacial medicine using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). It begins by providing background on the development of 3D diagnostics and its limitations in dentistry due to high radiation exposure from traditional CT. The advent of CBCT enabled wider use of 3D diagnostics in dentistry by using a cone-shaped beam and lower radiation doses. CBCT provides high-resolution 3D images, allows for improved surgical planning, and greater understanding of procedures for patients. The document then describes the technical principles and components of CBCT scanning.
White Spot Syndrome Virus Detection in Shrimp Images using Image Segmentation...Muni Sankar
This document describes a method for detecting white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp using image segmentation techniques. It captures images of shrimp using a camera system and preprocessing techniques like histogram adjustment and wavelet denoising. It then segments the images using k-means clustering to group pixels into clusters representing healthy and infected shrimp. Edge detection is also used to extract structural features for identification. The method aims to provide accurate and fast WSSV detection compared to other techniques like biosensors. It presents results of the image segmentation and clustering steps on sample shrimp images, identifying clusters corresponding to different conditions.
The document describes the development of a time-resolved mirrorless scintillation dosimetry system for accurate radiation measurement. Key features include:
1. It is significantly more compact and lighter than conventional scintillation detectors, weighing only 10% as much, by removing the mirror and using a GoPro camera.
2. It can analyze the two-dimensional dose distribution for each segment and beam over time, making it time-resolved.
3. Initial results found it has good linearity and repeatability compared to film dosimeters, and can accurately measure beam profiles, depth doses, and verify complex IMRT plans.
This document discusses the principles of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). It describes how CBCT uses an x-ray source and detector that rotate around the patient to acquire multiple 2D projections, which are then used to reconstruct 3D volumetric images using computational algorithms. Key aspects of CBCT imaging discussed include the hardware components involved in image acquisition, technical parameters that influence image quality and radiation dose, and different scan modes available. The document emphasizes that clinicians should understand how various acquisition factors impact the diagnostic value and radiation exposure of CBCT exams.
Implementation of Lower Leg Bone Fracture Detection from X Ray Imagesijtsrd
A methodology and various techniques are presented for development of fracture detection system using digital image processing. This paper presents an implementation of bone fracture detection using medical X ray image. The goal of this paper is to generate a quick and diagnosis can save time, effort and cost as well as reduce errors. The main objective of this research is to classify the lower leg bone fracture using X ray image because this type of bone are the most commonly occur in bone. This paper classifies the two types of fracture Non fracture and fracture or Transverse fracture by using SVM classifier. The proposed system has basically five steps, namely, image acquisition, image pre processing, image segmentation, feature extraction and image classification. San Myint | Khaing Thinzar "Implementation of Lower Leg Bone Fracture Detection from X-Ray Images" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27957.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/27957/implementation-of-lower-leg-bone-fracture-detection-from-x-ray-images/san-myint
1) The document discusses a technique for detecting bone fractures in x-ray images using edge detection methods like Gaussian and Canny edge detection.
2) It involves preprocessing the x-ray image, applying Gaussian filtering to remove noise, using Canny edge detection to identify edges, and inverting the image to make fractures more visible.
3) The method is implemented using the AForge library and is found to accurately detect bone fractures in x-ray images for use in medical applications like aiding doctors' diagnoses.
Digital imaging systems provide advantages over traditional radiography such as immediate image viewing and sharing, enhanced images, reduced radiation exposure, and electronic storage. The document discusses the history of x-rays, compares digital and traditional radiography, and reviews several popular intraoral digital systems. Key factors to consider when purchasing a digital system include sensor size and shape, software features, computer hardware, and service and support.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses 3D diagnostics in orofacial medicine using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). It begins by providing background on the development of 3D diagnostics and its limitations in dentistry due to high radiation exposure from traditional CT. The advent of CBCT enabled wider use of 3D diagnostics in dentistry by using a cone-shaped beam and lower radiation doses. CBCT provides high-resolution 3D images, allows for improved surgical planning, and greater understanding of procedures for patients. The document then describes the technical principles and components of CBCT scanning.
White Spot Syndrome Virus Detection in Shrimp Images using Image Segmentation...Muni Sankar
This document describes a method for detecting white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp using image segmentation techniques. It captures images of shrimp using a camera system and preprocessing techniques like histogram adjustment and wavelet denoising. It then segments the images using k-means clustering to group pixels into clusters representing healthy and infected shrimp. Edge detection is also used to extract structural features for identification. The method aims to provide accurate and fast WSSV detection compared to other techniques like biosensors. It presents results of the image segmentation and clustering steps on sample shrimp images, identifying clusters corresponding to different conditions.
The document describes the development of a time-resolved mirrorless scintillation dosimetry system for accurate radiation measurement. Key features include:
1. It is significantly more compact and lighter than conventional scintillation detectors, weighing only 10% as much, by removing the mirror and using a GoPro camera.
2. It can analyze the two-dimensional dose distribution for each segment and beam over time, making it time-resolved.
3. Initial results found it has good linearity and repeatability compared to film dosimeters, and can accurately measure beam profiles, depth doses, and verify complex IMRT plans.
This document discusses the principles of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). It describes how CBCT uses an x-ray source and detector that rotate around the patient to acquire multiple 2D projections, which are then used to reconstruct 3D volumetric images using computational algorithms. Key aspects of CBCT imaging discussed include the hardware components involved in image acquisition, technical parameters that influence image quality and radiation dose, and different scan modes available. The document emphasizes that clinicians should understand how various acquisition factors impact the diagnostic value and radiation exposure of CBCT exams.
Implementation of Lower Leg Bone Fracture Detection from X Ray Imagesijtsrd
A methodology and various techniques are presented for development of fracture detection system using digital image processing. This paper presents an implementation of bone fracture detection using medical X ray image. The goal of this paper is to generate a quick and diagnosis can save time, effort and cost as well as reduce errors. The main objective of this research is to classify the lower leg bone fracture using X ray image because this type of bone are the most commonly occur in bone. This paper classifies the two types of fracture Non fracture and fracture or Transverse fracture by using SVM classifier. The proposed system has basically five steps, namely, image acquisition, image pre processing, image segmentation, feature extraction and image classification. San Myint | Khaing Thinzar "Implementation of Lower Leg Bone Fracture Detection from X-Ray Images" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27957.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/27957/implementation-of-lower-leg-bone-fracture-detection-from-x-ray-images/san-myint
1) The document discusses a technique for detecting bone fractures in x-ray images using edge detection methods like Gaussian and Canny edge detection.
2) It involves preprocessing the x-ray image, applying Gaussian filtering to remove noise, using Canny edge detection to identify edges, and inverting the image to make fractures more visible.
3) The method is implemented using the AForge library and is found to accurately detect bone fractures in x-ray images for use in medical applications like aiding doctors' diagnoses.
Digital imaging systems provide advantages over traditional radiography such as immediate image viewing and sharing, enhanced images, reduced radiation exposure, and electronic storage. The document discusses the history of x-rays, compares digital and traditional radiography, and reviews several popular intraoral digital systems. Key factors to consider when purchasing a digital system include sensor size and shape, software features, computer hardware, and service and support.
Recent advances in diagnosis & treatment plsning /certified fixed orthodonti...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document summarizes the evolution in views on the risks of 3D cone beam x-rays used in orthodontics. Originally in 2010, there were concerns that 3D cone beam x-rays exposed children to unnecessary high levels of radiation. However, by 2013, independent research showed that the i-CAT FLX machine reduced radiation exposure by 80% and that a single scan was comparable to 1-2 days of background radiation or one standard 2D panoramic x-ray. The document outlines the benefits of 3D imaging for improved diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics.
Imaging Sciences International is a global leader in 3D dental imaging technology. Their flagship product is the i-CAT Cone Beam 3D dental imaging system, which provides high definition 3D images using low radiation doses. The i-CAT system allows for improved diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical outcomes for procedures like implants, orthodontics, and airway analysis compared to traditional 2D imaging.
This document provides information on various medical imaging modalities including computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and ultrasonography. It describes the basic principles, advantages, disadvantages and uses of each technology. CT and MRI are discussed in more detail, including their history, components, image reconstruction techniques, and applications in diagnosing various oral and maxillofacial conditions.
1. The document discusses applying 3D printing to medical imaging by discussing medical image modeling.
2. It covers topics like virtual surgery modeling, 3D printers, image scanners, requirements for 3D printed medical models, and the medical imaging workflow from acquisition to 3D printing and post-processing.
3. Key aspects of medical image-based 3D printing discussed are image segmentation, surface modeling, and an in-house software for virtual simulated surgery.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment planning1 /certified fixed orthod...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses digital radiology (DR) plates, which are a key component in medical imaging technologies like general radiology, CT scans, and dental x-rays. A DR plate captures x-rays transmitted through a patient and converts them to an electronic signal for processing and display. Traditionally, DR plates use a CMOS/TFT array, but the document introduces a breakthrough technology from Polycrystech that uses mercury iodide (HgI2) in the DR plate, promising higher sensitivity, resolution, and speed compared to traditional materials. This could enable lower radiation doses for patients and support more advanced imaging applications.
Digital imaging in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment planning1 /certified fixed orthod...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Digital cephalometrics involves recording cephalometric images digitally rather than on film. There are two main methods: indirect digital radiography (computed radiography) which uses photostimulable phosphor plates that are digitally scanned, and direct digital radiography which uses electronic sensors connected directly to a computer. Digital cephalometrics reduces radiation exposure and allows images to be enhanced, stored digitally, and analyzed using software. While a few parameters showed statistically significant differences between digital and conventional methods, the differences were deemed to not be clinically significant. Digital cephalometrics is now the preferred method over conventional film-based techniques.
Teleradiology involves the electronic transmission of radiological images such as X-rays, CTs, and MRIs between locations for interpretation and consultation. It allows images to be reviewed remotely, avoiding unnecessary patient and specialist travel. Key components of a teleradiology system include image acquisition equipment that converts images into digital format, a communication network for transmission, and interpretation workstations where images can be displayed, analyzed and stored. Teleradiology provides benefits like increased access to specialist opinions, timely sharing of images, and reduced costs.
Computers in ortodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The slideshare gives an overview of the different and recent advancements in the fields of digital imaging and throws a light on the clinical applications.
Digital fluoroscopy is most commonly configured as a conventional fluoroscopy system where the analog video signal is converted to digital format via an analog-to-digital converter. Alternatively, digitization can be done with a digital video camera or direct capture of x-rays with a flat panel detector. Digital fluoroscopy systems allow for digital image recording and processing using techniques like frame averaging and edge enhancement. Radiation protection for patients and staff is important for digital fluoroscopy and techniques like collimation, minimum source-to-skin distance, and lead shielding help reduce exposure.
A 4 part seminar on 3D cbct technology for seminar presentations. with added technical details and considerations with differences between a CT technology.
Also it features the technical parameters ,uses and how it is considered useful in each departments of medicine and dentistry.
Introduction to digital radiography and pacsRad Tech
The document provides an overview of digital radiography and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). It defines digital imaging and describes the processes of conventional radiography, computed radiography, and direct and indirect digital radiography. PACS are defined as networked systems that store and allow access to digital images in DICOM format from multiple locations. Early adoption of PACS and digital standards helped facilities share images between systems.
This document compares digital and standard radiographs in dentistry. It discusses that while new technologies are generally improvements, dental professionals must critically analyze them. Digital radiographs have benefits like lower radiation exposure for patients and the ability to adjust settings after exposure. However, they also have higher acquisition costs. Standard radiographs produce waste from used materials. Overall, both methods have advantages and disadvantages, so dental professionals should consider the specific needs of their practice and patients when deciding.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
DIFOTI (digitally imaged fiber-optic transillumination) is a caries detection method that uses a light probe and digital camera to capture illuminated images of tooth surfaces. A study compared DIFOTI to film and digital radiography for detecting approximal caries lesions using 112 tooth surfaces. Observers examined images from all three methods twice, finding DIFOTI recorded lesion depth more accurately than radiography. Within limitations, DIFOTI showed superior diagnostic accuracy over film and digital radiography for detecting caries.
The document establishes diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and target dose levels (TDLs) for various medical imaging examinations in the Netherlands. A field study was conducted across 39 institutions to measure patient doses and validate that they complied with the DRLs. The study found that all institutions were below the DRLs, with many below the even lower TDLs. The introduction of TDLs that are lower than DRLs is recommended to encourage further optimization of practices and reduction of unnecessary high patient doses.
Recent advances in diagnosis & treatment plsning /certified fixed orthodonti...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document summarizes the evolution in views on the risks of 3D cone beam x-rays used in orthodontics. Originally in 2010, there were concerns that 3D cone beam x-rays exposed children to unnecessary high levels of radiation. However, by 2013, independent research showed that the i-CAT FLX machine reduced radiation exposure by 80% and that a single scan was comparable to 1-2 days of background radiation or one standard 2D panoramic x-ray. The document outlines the benefits of 3D imaging for improved diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics.
Imaging Sciences International is a global leader in 3D dental imaging technology. Their flagship product is the i-CAT Cone Beam 3D dental imaging system, which provides high definition 3D images using low radiation doses. The i-CAT system allows for improved diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical outcomes for procedures like implants, orthodontics, and airway analysis compared to traditional 2D imaging.
This document provides information on various medical imaging modalities including computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and ultrasonography. It describes the basic principles, advantages, disadvantages and uses of each technology. CT and MRI are discussed in more detail, including their history, components, image reconstruction techniques, and applications in diagnosing various oral and maxillofacial conditions.
1. The document discusses applying 3D printing to medical imaging by discussing medical image modeling.
2. It covers topics like virtual surgery modeling, 3D printers, image scanners, requirements for 3D printed medical models, and the medical imaging workflow from acquisition to 3D printing and post-processing.
3. Key aspects of medical image-based 3D printing discussed are image segmentation, surface modeling, and an in-house software for virtual simulated surgery.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment planning1 /certified fixed orthod...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses digital radiology (DR) plates, which are a key component in medical imaging technologies like general radiology, CT scans, and dental x-rays. A DR plate captures x-rays transmitted through a patient and converts them to an electronic signal for processing and display. Traditionally, DR plates use a CMOS/TFT array, but the document introduces a breakthrough technology from Polycrystech that uses mercury iodide (HgI2) in the DR plate, promising higher sensitivity, resolution, and speed compared to traditional materials. This could enable lower radiation doses for patients and support more advanced imaging applications.
Digital imaging in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment planning1 /certified fixed orthod...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Digital cephalometrics involves recording cephalometric images digitally rather than on film. There are two main methods: indirect digital radiography (computed radiography) which uses photostimulable phosphor plates that are digitally scanned, and direct digital radiography which uses electronic sensors connected directly to a computer. Digital cephalometrics reduces radiation exposure and allows images to be enhanced, stored digitally, and analyzed using software. While a few parameters showed statistically significant differences between digital and conventional methods, the differences were deemed to not be clinically significant. Digital cephalometrics is now the preferred method over conventional film-based techniques.
Teleradiology involves the electronic transmission of radiological images such as X-rays, CTs, and MRIs between locations for interpretation and consultation. It allows images to be reviewed remotely, avoiding unnecessary patient and specialist travel. Key components of a teleradiology system include image acquisition equipment that converts images into digital format, a communication network for transmission, and interpretation workstations where images can be displayed, analyzed and stored. Teleradiology provides benefits like increased access to specialist opinions, timely sharing of images, and reduced costs.
Computers in ortodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The slideshare gives an overview of the different and recent advancements in the fields of digital imaging and throws a light on the clinical applications.
Digital fluoroscopy is most commonly configured as a conventional fluoroscopy system where the analog video signal is converted to digital format via an analog-to-digital converter. Alternatively, digitization can be done with a digital video camera or direct capture of x-rays with a flat panel detector. Digital fluoroscopy systems allow for digital image recording and processing using techniques like frame averaging and edge enhancement. Radiation protection for patients and staff is important for digital fluoroscopy and techniques like collimation, minimum source-to-skin distance, and lead shielding help reduce exposure.
A 4 part seminar on 3D cbct technology for seminar presentations. with added technical details and considerations with differences between a CT technology.
Also it features the technical parameters ,uses and how it is considered useful in each departments of medicine and dentistry.
Introduction to digital radiography and pacsRad Tech
The document provides an overview of digital radiography and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). It defines digital imaging and describes the processes of conventional radiography, computed radiography, and direct and indirect digital radiography. PACS are defined as networked systems that store and allow access to digital images in DICOM format from multiple locations. Early adoption of PACS and digital standards helped facilities share images between systems.
This document compares digital and standard radiographs in dentistry. It discusses that while new technologies are generally improvements, dental professionals must critically analyze them. Digital radiographs have benefits like lower radiation exposure for patients and the ability to adjust settings after exposure. However, they also have higher acquisition costs. Standard radiographs produce waste from used materials. Overall, both methods have advantages and disadvantages, so dental professionals should consider the specific needs of their practice and patients when deciding.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
DIFOTI (digitally imaged fiber-optic transillumination) is a caries detection method that uses a light probe and digital camera to capture illuminated images of tooth surfaces. A study compared DIFOTI to film and digital radiography for detecting approximal caries lesions using 112 tooth surfaces. Observers examined images from all three methods twice, finding DIFOTI recorded lesion depth more accurately than radiography. Within limitations, DIFOTI showed superior diagnostic accuracy over film and digital radiography for detecting caries.
The document establishes diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and target dose levels (TDLs) for various medical imaging examinations in the Netherlands. A field study was conducted across 39 institutions to measure patient doses and validate that they complied with the DRLs. The study found that all institutions were below the DRLs, with many below the even lower TDLs. The introduction of TDLs that are lower than DRLs is recommended to encourage further optimization of practices and reduction of unnecessary high patient doses.
1. The document summarizes a meeting discussing dose reference levels for interventional radiology procedures.
2. Interventional radiology poses unique challenges for dose management due to physician-operated machines and treatment priorities over radiation concerns.
3. Upcoming standards and regulations will require new dose tracking and reporting features to help optimize patient radiation exposure for these types of medical imaging procedures.
The document summarizes the history and evolution of computed tomography (CT) dosimetry standards. It discusses how early CT dosimetry used a 10 cm long ionization chamber and phantoms, which did not fully capture dose from scattered radiation. Standards organizations like IEC have since implemented adjustments to the CT dose index (CTDI) to account for broader beams. Ongoing work by groups like AAPM and ICRU aims to develop new phantoms and smaller ionization chambers for more accurate CT dosimetry measurements.
The document discusses the work of the Dutch Commission for Radiation Dosimetry (NCS). It describes the NCS board's role in overseeing scientific projects and publications. It also describes the NCS platform's role in addressing practical radiation safety issues and acting as a liaison to the government. The document then contrasts the roles of the board versus the platform and provides examples of initiatives under each. It concludes with remarks about diagnostic reference levels for radiation exposures.
1. Dosis “Data Mining”
Paul W. de Bruin
klinisch fysicus radiologie i.o.
Afdeling Radiologie
Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum
2. The Ideal World
1. Dose data is available at the scanner after a scan
2. Dose data is stored in an archive
3. Statistics on dose data can be calculated (“data mining”)
DRN-Dag 2 10 December 2010
3. Californian Senate Bill no. 1237
• 115111. (a) Commencing July 1, 2012, subject to subdivision (e), a person that uses
a computed tomography (CT) X-ray system for human use shall record the dose of
radiation on every CT study produced during a CT examination.
• (b) The facility conducting the study shall electronically send each CT study and
protocol page that lists the technical factors and dose of radiation to the electronic
picture archiving and communications system.
• (c) The displayed dose shall be verified annually by a medical physicist to ensure the
displayed doses are within 20 percent of the true measured dose measured in
accordance with subdivision (f) unless the facility is accredited.
• (d) Subject to subdivision(e), the radiology report of a CTstudy shall include the dose
of radiation by either recording the dose within the patient’s radiology report or
attaching the protocol page that includes the dose of radiation to the radiology report.
• (e) The requirements of this section shall be limited to CT systems capable of
calculating and displaying the dose.
DRN-Dag 3 10 December 2010
4. DICOM/RIS/PACS/ZIS/EPD?
• DICOM: Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
• http://medical.nema.org
• Data structures (patients, images, reports)
• Services (storage, query, retrieval, transfer of data)
• PACS: Picture Archiving and Communication System
• Data archive
• IHE: Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise
• Workflow definition for modalities and PACS
DRN-Dag 4 10 December 2010
9. How to get dose information
• Basic DICOM
• DICOM SR (Structured Report)
• Dose reports stored as “screen saves”
• Use DICOM MPPS
• Query PACS
• IHE REM: defines workflow
DRN-Dag 9 10 December 2010
10. DICOM Structured Report
• DICOM Class
• A “databaseable document” format linked with image data
• computer search analysis
• research
• education
• clinical trials
• data mining
• Templates Working Groups
• DICOM Dose SR
• Supplement 127: CT Radiation Dose Reporting (Dose SR)
DRN-Dag 10 10 December 2010
11. DICOM Structured Report – example text dump
(0008,0100) SH [CODE_12] # 8, 1 CodeValue
(0008,0102) SH [99_OFFIS_DCMTK] # 14, 1 CodingSchemeDesignator
(0008,0104) LO [Illnesses] # 10, 1 CodeMeaning
(fffe,e00d) na (ItemDelimitationItem) # 0, 0 ItemDelimitationItem
(fffe,e0dd) na (SequenceDelimitationItem) # 0, 0 SequenceDelimitationItem
(0040,a160) UT [The patient had polio at age 8, from which she made a remarkable r... # 206, 1 TextValue
(fffe,e00d) na (ItemDelimitationItem) # 0, 0 ItemDelimitationItem
(fffe,e000) na (Item with undefined length #=4) # u/l, 1 Item
(0040,a010) CS [CONTAINS] # 8, 1 RelationshipType
(0040,a040) CS [TEXT] # 4, 1 ValueType
(0040,a043) SQ (Sequence with undefined length #=1) # u/l, 1 ConceptNameCodeSequence
(fffe,e000) na (Item with undefined length #=3) # u/l, 1 Item
(0008,0100) SH [CODE_13] # 8, 1 CodeValue
(0008,0102) SH [99_OFFIS_DCMTK] # 14, 1 CodingSchemeDesignator
(0008,0104) LO [Allergies] # 10, 1 CodeMeaning
(fffe,e00d) na (ItemDelimitationItem) # 0, 0 ItemDelimitationItem
(fffe,e0dd) na (SequenceDelimitationItem) # 0, 0 SequenceDelimitationItem
(0040,a160) UT [ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN. She denies any other drug or food allergies.] # 68, 1 TextValue
DRN-Dag 11 10 December 2010
12. DICOM Structured Report - Example
“The finding is a mass
measuring 1.3 cm in
diameter with an infiltrative
margination.
The conclusion is a
probable malignancy,
inferred from the infiltrative
margination of the mass.”
Hussein et al. DICOM structured reporting: Part 1. Overview and characteristics. Radiographics : a review publication of the
Radiological Society of North America, Inc (2004) vol. 24 (3) pp. 891-6
David A. Clunie, DICOM Structured Reporting, ISBN 0-9701369-0-0, out of print. PDF at: http://www.pixelmed.com/srbook.html
DRN-Dag 12 10 December 2010
19. Query the PACS
1. Via vendor interface
2. Using the DICOM interface
DRN-Dag 19 10 December 2010
20. DICOM Patient-Study-Series-Image Model
Patient Study Series Image
PA
Jansen CT Onderzoek Scout LR
Image 1
Anatomische scan
Image …
Image 200
Contrast Image 1
Image …
Image 600
DRN-Dag 20 10 December 2010
21. Work flow
• Query PACS for studies on a date
• For each study query PACS for
series (filter on CT/DX/MAMMO)
• For each series query PACS for
images
• Retrieve each image
• Throw away image data
• Store dose information in local
database
DRN-Dag 21 10 December 2010
22. Why so complicated?
• Patient-Study-Series-Image is dictated by DICOM
• Attributes are defined at different levels:
• Modality is defined at Series level.
• Dose information is defined at Image level.
• No support for optimized generic batch retrieval.
• PACS has limit on number of query results
DRN-Dag 22 10 December 2010
23. CT Dose from DICOM Images
García et al. Automated effective dose estimation in CT. Radiat Prot Dosimetry (2010) vol. 138 (1) pp. 71-7
DRN-Dag 23 10 December 2010
24. CT Dose from DICOM Images
DRN-Dag 24 10 December 2010
26. Concluding
Storage Data Mining/Retrieval
•Basic DICOM •Query PACS
• Standard dose parameters
• Using PACS functionality provided by
• Basic modality support
vendor
•DICOM SR (Structured Report)
• rare
• Not implemented (yet) by most vendors
• “Best solution” • Using DICOM interface
•Dose reports stored as “screen saves” • Generic
• Better than nothing or manual lists • Brute-force
• Implemented by most vendors • Slow
• Can be converted to DICOM SR • Generic
•DICOM MPPS
• Can only retrieve what is in the
• Dose information via messages,
PACS
messages are not stored
• Cannot go back in PACS history
• Commercial third-party solution
available
•Generic
• History?
DRN-Dag 26 10 December 2010