Ben Ambridge walks through 10 popular ideas about psychology that have been proven wrong and uncovers a few surprising truths about how our brains really work.
Deze presentatie is gegeven op het symposium "De toekomst van grenswaarden voor stoffen in het beroep" van de sectie Arbeidstoxicologie-NVT op 25 september te Bilthoven.
Ben Ambridge walks through 10 popular ideas about psychology that have been proven wrong and uncovers a few surprising truths about how our brains really work.
Deze presentatie is gegeven op het symposium "De toekomst van grenswaarden voor stoffen in het beroep" van de sectie Arbeidstoxicologie-NVT op 25 september te Bilthoven.
The document establishes diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and target dose levels (TDLs) for various medical imaging examinations in the Netherlands. A field study was conducted across 39 institutions to measure patient doses and validate that they complied with the DRLs. The study found that all institutions were below the DRLs, with many below the even lower TDLs. The introduction of TDLs that are lower than DRLs is recommended to encourage further optimization of practices and reduction of unnecessary high patient doses.
1. Dose data from CT scans can be stored and archived in a PACS system using DICOM.
2. Stored dose data can then be analyzed and mined through statistics to calculate dose exposure trends.
3. This dose data mining is currently challenging due to limitations in PACS query functions and the DICOM standard, but remains an important area for improving radiation safety.
1. The document summarizes a meeting discussing dose reference levels for interventional radiology procedures.
2. Interventional radiology poses unique challenges for dose management due to physician-operated machines and treatment priorities over radiation concerns.
3. Upcoming standards and regulations will require new dose tracking and reporting features to help optimize patient radiation exposure for these types of medical imaging procedures.
The document summarizes the history and evolution of computed tomography (CT) dosimetry standards. It discusses how early CT dosimetry used a 10 cm long ionization chamber and phantoms, which did not fully capture dose from scattered radiation. Standards organizations like IEC have since implemented adjustments to the CT dose index (CTDI) to account for broader beams. Ongoing work by groups like AAPM and ICRU aims to develop new phantoms and smaller ionization chambers for more accurate CT dosimetry measurements.
The document discusses the work of the Dutch Commission for Radiation Dosimetry (NCS). It describes the NCS board's role in overseeing scientific projects and publications. It also describes the NCS platform's role in addressing practical radiation safety issues and acting as a liaison to the government. The document then contrasts the roles of the board versus the platform and provides examples of initiatives under each. It concludes with remarks about diagnostic reference levels for radiation exposures.
The document establishes diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and target dose levels (TDLs) for various medical imaging examinations in the Netherlands. A field study was conducted across 39 institutions to measure patient doses and validate that they complied with the DRLs. The study found that all institutions were below the DRLs, with many below the even lower TDLs. The introduction of TDLs that are lower than DRLs is recommended to encourage further optimization of practices and reduction of unnecessary high patient doses.
1. Dose data from CT scans can be stored and archived in a PACS system using DICOM.
2. Stored dose data can then be analyzed and mined through statistics to calculate dose exposure trends.
3. This dose data mining is currently challenging due to limitations in PACS query functions and the DICOM standard, but remains an important area for improving radiation safety.
1. The document summarizes a meeting discussing dose reference levels for interventional radiology procedures.
2. Interventional radiology poses unique challenges for dose management due to physician-operated machines and treatment priorities over radiation concerns.
3. Upcoming standards and regulations will require new dose tracking and reporting features to help optimize patient radiation exposure for these types of medical imaging procedures.
The document summarizes the history and evolution of computed tomography (CT) dosimetry standards. It discusses how early CT dosimetry used a 10 cm long ionization chamber and phantoms, which did not fully capture dose from scattered radiation. Standards organizations like IEC have since implemented adjustments to the CT dose index (CTDI) to account for broader beams. Ongoing work by groups like AAPM and ICRU aims to develop new phantoms and smaller ionization chambers for more accurate CT dosimetry measurements.
The document discusses the work of the Dutch Commission for Radiation Dosimetry (NCS). It describes the NCS board's role in overseeing scientific projects and publications. It also describes the NCS platform's role in addressing practical radiation safety issues and acting as a liaison to the government. The document then contrasts the roles of the board versus the platform and provides examples of initiatives under each. It concludes with remarks about diagnostic reference levels for radiation exposures.
1. DRN’s in het IMS
Paul Stoop
Laboratorium voor Stralingsonderzoek
2. Wat is het Rijksinstituut voor
Volksgezondheid en Milieu
• Kennisinstituut van de overheid voor
Volksgezondheid en Milieu
• Ruim 20 centra en laboratoria met 1.500
medewerkers
• Opdrachtgevers: VWS, VROM, LNV, Europese
Unie, Verenigde Naties, WHO
• Honderden rapporten en adviezen op jaarbasis
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 2
3. Laboratory for radiation research:
The Source - Risk Chain...
Sources
Emissions
Dispersion Dose-effect
Exposure Risks
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 3
4. Average effective dose in the Netherlands:
2.5 mSv Total
Internal
15% Radon
34%
Gamma
15%
Cosmic
11%
Occupational
0% Diagnostic
other man-made medical
sources 24%
1%
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 4
5. Wat is het IMS?
www.rivm.nl/ims
Informatiesysteem Medische Stralingstoepassingen
• De actuele digitale wegwijzer voor aard en omvang van
medische stralingstoepassingen in Nederland.
• Presentatie van de blootstelling van de bevolking aan
ioniserende straling door diagnostische en therapeutische
verrichtingen.
• In opdracht van VWS, verankerd in EU en NL regelgeving
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 5
6. Richtlijn 97/43/Euratom
Artikel 12 Ramingen van bevolkingsdoses
De lidstaten zorgen ervoor dat de mate van
verspreiding van de ramingen van de individuele
doses bij medische blootstellingen als bedoeld in
artikel 1, lid 2, wordt bepaald ten behoeve van de
bevolking en de relevante referentiegroepen; een
en ander geschiedt naar het inzicht van de
betrokken lidstaat.
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 6
7. Besluit stralingsbescherming
Hoofdstuk 6
Artikel 74
1. De ondernemer verstrekt aan Onze Minister
gegevens die nodig zijn om het gemiddelde en de
spreiding van de effectieve of equivalente dosis
bij radiologische verrichtingen voor de bevolking
en andere relevante referentiegroepen te kunnen
schatten.
2. Onze Minister stelt regels ten aanzien van de
verstrekking van de in het eerste lid bedoelde
gegevens.
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 7
8. Hoe komt RIVM aan de gegevens?
Dosisgegevens:
• Demonstratieproject Patiëntendosimetrie radiologie (2001—2004)
• RIS
• NMT peilstations
• Dosimetrische veldstudie CT UMCU (2009)
Frequenties verrichtingen:
• Sinds 2007 (gegevens over 2006):
Jaardocument Maatschappelijke verantwoording Zorg
(DigiMV)
Vanaf 2008 (gegevens 2007) ook dosisgegevens via DigiMV
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 8
11. DRN’s in het IMS
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 11
12. DRN’s in het IMS
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 12
13. DRN’s in het IMS
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 13
14. Dosisschattingen uit meting DRN?
• Ja, maar...
- Nog weinig verrichtingen
- Operationele grootheden
- Geen dosisverdeling maar “standaardpatiënt”
• Niettemin:
- Laat maar komen!
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 14
15. DRN’s in het IMS
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 15
16. DRN’s, … en dan?
• DRN’s “eerste stap” richting ALARA
• Vervolg:
...
• Rechtvaardiging (referral criteria)
...
...
• Optimalisatie
DRN's in het IMS - Paul Stoop 20081211 16