16. Which of the following is true about model organisms a. Model or.pdf

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16. Which of the following is true about model organisms? a. Model organisms can be used to understand universal biological processes b. Drosophila, mouse, and yeast are examples of model organisms c. Model organisms generally have short generation times leading to high data yields d. All of the above.

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25. It is hypothesized that Californian populations of Sea Otters: a. have excess of homozygotes, because there is selection against the heterozygous animals. b. have excess of heterozygotes, because populations were harvested until they were very small in the 1930s. c. have excess of heterozygotes, because homozygous individuals are easier to catch and turn into fur coats. d. have excess of homozygotes, because of migration of animals from Alaska. e. have excess of homozygotes, because populations were harvested until they were very small in the 1930 s. 26. A trait that confers a greater level of fitness, relative to those who lack it, is called a(n) (a.) adaptation -b. mutation c. variation d. allele e. None of the above. 27. A hypothetical population has two alleles for a gene: A and a. In a random sample of 100 individuals, 20 are homozygous for a,20 are homozygous for A, and 60 are heterozygous. What is the frequency of A ? a. 0.20 b. 0.25 (c) 0.50 d. 0.60 e. 0.80 28. Suppose a founding population has an allelic frequency not typical of the original population. Which of the following effects would most likely lead to homogenization? a. genetic drift within the founding population b) random mating within the founding population c. no mutations within either population d. migration between the original and founding populations e. None of the above..

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2. Saving and investment in the national income accounts The foliowing table comtains data for a hypothetical closed economy that uses the dollar as its currency. Suppose GDP in this country is s470 mition, Enter the amount for consumption. Compiete the following tabie by using national income accounting ifentities to calculate nabional saving. In your caiculations, use data from the preceding tabie, NationalSaving(S)=CYCC=milionC Compiete the following tabe by using national income accounting identities to caiculate private and public saving. In your calculations, use data from the initisi tabie. ProvareSaving=Y=TI==mitionPublicSaving=TG= Bosed on your calculations, the gowernment is running a budget.

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2. Evolutonary theory predicts that orgunisms should apgear in a secpence over time and that it shoulc be posside to link younger forms to older firme. The model of "punctealec equilitrium" predicts that newy terms (species) sheuld often appear "suddeally" and then expeience iong pericd of stasis (or stugnation). The modei of "Phyletic gradualsem" peedicts that most species should change grad taily throuphout time and many species-to-bposies trantilione will be part of the recorc. Several terms are usec to describe the mechanisms invoived in thene modeln. Anagenesis is the ide that an oice species, os a whoie, changes into a new deseendent species in eliect, the ancestor is transiormed into the descencient Cladogenesis is the concept that a daughter species aplia of from a populalion of ar vicie species, after which both the old and new spedes coexist in time (and posaitly spocet. A chronocline is defined as the gradual change in one linesge ovez time. A. Examine the two lineages of "fossil" aulonobiles ove the past 60 yens. Con you icientify any "epedation events" in eithee lineage? If sa, maric each spedation erent by drawing a. line acrcos the aute lineage at the appropriate level of thenge. B. How mamy speciation events can you diertify within the V V lineage? C. How many gpeciation events can youidentify within the Mustung lineage? D. What is the rate (numioe of apeciation evcnss t timel of evclutlonary thange in the VW linesge? E. What is the rate of evolutionary change in the Mustrng lineage? F. Which evolutionary model best describes the changee, or lack therrod, in the VW lineage? G. Which ewolutionary model best describes the changes documened in the Muatang lineage? H. Which of the foliowirg evolujicnary mecharisms wouid best apply when describing the Mustang lineage? (Anagenesis) (Cladogenesia) (Chronocline? B. The earliest tetrapods retained a limb structure similar to that of the fins of ancestyal fish. Rather than having limbs based upon in fve-toed foot, as do modern tetrapods, these animals had more than five ":oes." This gave the feet the look of a short, stout flipper with mary "ine rays" similar to fin rays. "dentify the eady tetrapod by writing ICTHY on the cliagram. How does the toe strueture of this hind linb differ trom that of the mammat? G. Toe fins of mast ibe finred fiahes have a simple bifureate devign. That is, bones ceevelop in a fattern of twos during embryogenesis. The mid-late Devorian rhipidistian posessed this limb architecture. II fins were very similar to eazy amphibian feet in the overall layout of the major bones, except that there were no perceptibie "toes," just a set of identical fin rays, Identify the limb structure of Eistimapteren by writing EU on the diagram. How does the bone scructure of this figh compare with that of the early tet:spod? D. Land-ewelling arimals must bear weight on their limibs in order to move efficientiy on terra firma. One feature that helped early vertrates move on land, an.

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2. Biodiversity Theme 2: Metabolic Diversity - What are the different types of environments where organisms of this group can live? What are the different types of energy sources that are used by organisms of this group? How have organisms within this group utilized energy sources to adapt to different environments? What are some examples of specific organisms within this group that utilize a variety of energy sources?.

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