International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Educational achievement is a significant indicator of children’s wellbeing and future life opportunities. It can predict growth potential and economic viability of a country. While this is an ideal situation for all children, the case may be different for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) due to the psychosocial challenges they go through on a daily basis. It is even worse for children attending public primary schools in Kenya. This paper aims to advance a debate on the relationship between psychosocial support and educational support provided for OVC through a critical engagement on the challenges experienced and the intervention measures to be taken in Kenyan public primary schools context. The study is based on the critical review of related literature materials. Findings suggest that, although the Kenyan government has put mechanisms in place to support OVC attain basic education, numerous challenges are found to be hindering some OVC from attaining quality education. Based on the findings, the paper recommends that there is need for various interventions to address psychosocial needs of orphans and children attending primary schools.
The Risk Lies in Not Knowing HIV AIDS Awareness and Acceptance towards PLWHAijtsrd
Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV is a disease that targets and changes the human immune system, increasing the risk and impact of other infections and diseases. Without treatment, this virus progresses to an advanced disease called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS . Ignorance of HIV AIDS can lead to the stigmatization of PLWHA. This prevents PLWHA from contributing to society meaningfully and damages their social and psychological health. This study sought to determine the level of awareness towards HIV AIDS and the level of acceptance towards PLWHA among senior high school SHS students in the 9th cluster of Toledo City, Cebu. It further sought to determine whether or not a correlation exists between the students' awareness and acceptance towards PLWHA. To arrive at these, this study utilized questions adopted from Carey, Beedy and Johnson 1997 , and Unnikrishnan, Mithra and Reshmi 2010 for HIV AIDS awareness and HIV AIDS Acceptance, respectively with slight modifications in the wording for the students' comfort. The respondents of this study were 336 SHS students, selected via stratified random sampling from an overall population of 2,094 SHS students. The study found that the respondents exhibited a high level of awareness about HIV AIDS, as well as a high level of acceptance towards PLWHA. Further, it was found that there is a statistically significant correlation between gender and awareness of HIV AIDS. It was also found that there is a statistically significant correlation between gender and attitude towards PLWHA. This study arrived at the conclusion that there is a statistically significant and strong correlation between the respondents' awareness and attitude towards PLWHA. Gordon Matthew C. Suico | Christy B. Alfeche "The Risk Lies in Not Knowing: HIV/AIDS Awareness and Acceptance towards PLWHA" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47674.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/47674/the-risk-lies-in-not-knowing-hivaids-awareness-and-acceptance-towards-plwha/gordon-matthew-c-suico
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Educational achievement is a significant indicator of children’s wellbeing and future life opportunities. It can predict growth potential and economic viability of a country. While this is an ideal situation for all children, the case may be different for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) due to the psychosocial challenges they go through on a daily basis. It is even worse for children attending public primary schools in Kenya. This paper aims to advance a debate on the relationship between psychosocial support and educational support provided for OVC through a critical engagement on the challenges experienced and the intervention measures to be taken in Kenyan public primary schools context. The study is based on the critical review of related literature materials. Findings suggest that, although the Kenyan government has put mechanisms in place to support OVC attain basic education, numerous challenges are found to be hindering some OVC from attaining quality education. Based on the findings, the paper recommends that there is need for various interventions to address psychosocial needs of orphans and children attending primary schools.
The Risk Lies in Not Knowing HIV AIDS Awareness and Acceptance towards PLWHAijtsrd
Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV is a disease that targets and changes the human immune system, increasing the risk and impact of other infections and diseases. Without treatment, this virus progresses to an advanced disease called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS . Ignorance of HIV AIDS can lead to the stigmatization of PLWHA. This prevents PLWHA from contributing to society meaningfully and damages their social and psychological health. This study sought to determine the level of awareness towards HIV AIDS and the level of acceptance towards PLWHA among senior high school SHS students in the 9th cluster of Toledo City, Cebu. It further sought to determine whether or not a correlation exists between the students' awareness and acceptance towards PLWHA. To arrive at these, this study utilized questions adopted from Carey, Beedy and Johnson 1997 , and Unnikrishnan, Mithra and Reshmi 2010 for HIV AIDS awareness and HIV AIDS Acceptance, respectively with slight modifications in the wording for the students' comfort. The respondents of this study were 336 SHS students, selected via stratified random sampling from an overall population of 2,094 SHS students. The study found that the respondents exhibited a high level of awareness about HIV AIDS, as well as a high level of acceptance towards PLWHA. Further, it was found that there is a statistically significant correlation between gender and awareness of HIV AIDS. It was also found that there is a statistically significant correlation between gender and attitude towards PLWHA. This study arrived at the conclusion that there is a statistically significant and strong correlation between the respondents' awareness and attitude towards PLWHA. Gordon Matthew C. Suico | Christy B. Alfeche "The Risk Lies in Not Knowing: HIV/AIDS Awareness and Acceptance towards PLWHA" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47674.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/47674/the-risk-lies-in-not-knowing-hivaids-awareness-and-acceptance-towards-plwha/gordon-matthew-c-suico
Factors Influencing Gender Disparities in the Prevalence of HIV AIDS in Fako ...ijtsrd
There is a prevalence of HIV AIDS in the society among men and women and there is gender disparity in the prevalence of HIV AIDS. Biological and other factors are pointing to the fact that the women are more vulnerable and therefore have more possibilities of spreading it. This study was done in Fako Division in the South West Region of Cameroon. The general objective of this study was to investigate the factors leading to the gender disparity in the prevalence of HIV AIDS. The research is a descriptive survey. The target population was the HIV AIDS patients that are treated in the Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals. These hospitals were purposively selected with a purposive sampling of 50 males and female. This research involves the use of both primary and secondary data with the use of questionnaires, check list and review of secondary data on problems leading to a gender difference in the prevalence of HIV AIDS in these areas. Analysis of data was done with the use of windows SPSS. Findings of the study show that there is a high gender difference of about 39.21 in Buea Regional Hospital and a gender difference of 24.4 in Limbe Regional Hospital. Some factors were found responsible for this disparity that include early start of sexual activities for females, low level of education, multiple sexual partners, unemployment for females and others. Recommendations have been made to the government, the women themselves, health professionals, NGOs and other significant stakeholders. Bisong Prisca Mboh "Factors Influencing Gender Disparities in the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Fako Division Cameroon: Case Study of Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29236.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/29236/factors-influencing-gender-disparities-in-the-prevalence-of-hivaids-in-fako-division-cameroon-case-study-of-limbe-and-buea-regional-hospitals/bisong-prisca-mboh
Older People and their role in Care Giving in Kenyaanyonasimon
Older People and their role in Care Giving in Kenya
Background
The first case of HIV in Kenya was reported in 1984 and in 1999 the disease was declared a national disaster. Over the years, the responsibility of caring for the growing number of orphaned children and PLHIV is increasingly falling on older people. This places enormous financial and social responsibilities on the older people who in many instances are facing a myriad of challenges some of which include declining incomes due to reduced productivity and age related complications.
This technical brief is derived from a situational analysis financed by the National AIDS Control Council (NACC)
and conducted in 2011 by HelpAge International. The analysis was carried out in 2 Provinces (i), Nyanza (Nyando District) and (ii) Central (Thika West and Gatundu Districts). The study covered a total of 690 HIV and AIDS affected households. All Respondents were above 50 years of age of which 62% were
women. The study documented overwhelming evidence that older people, particularly women, in HIV and AIDS affected households are highly vulnerable to extreme poverty. In most instances they were found to have few productive assets
and limited access to financial, medical and other support services. The study also found regional differences with regard to HIV with Nyando recording higher prevalence rates and lower levels of knowledge compared to Thika District.
This brief highlights the principal findings of the study as well as the gaps that were identified for future consideration in the fight against HIV.
The Effectiveness of HIV/Aids Education in Promoting Interventions for A Supp...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS education is supposed to not only be a medium of creating awareness but also most importantly promote practices and skills to enable HIV prevention among youth in schools. This article reports on a study whose purpose was to assess the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS education in promoting interventions for a supportive environment in secondary schools. Specifically, the study sought to find out the extent to which interventions for a supportive environment for HIV/AIDS prevention were emphasized to youth; and explore the factors that influenced the promotion of the interventions. The study focused on youth involvement, parental involvement and HIV/AIDS prevention friendly school policies. The findings of the study established that the potential of the youth in enabling HIV/AIDS prevention among their fellow peers was not fully exploited. Parental involvement was low especially among the fathers. Parents rarely engaged in discussions on topics that dealt with sexuality. HIV/AIDS prevention friendly policies were ineffectively promoted in schools. Factors that influenced the promotion of the interventions were explored.
Scorecard on Gender Equality and the Knowledge Society Elsevier
The study (National Assessments and Benchmarking of Gender, Science, Technology and Innovation) assessed the level of support, opportunities and participation of women in science in the world’s leading knowledge-based economies: the European Union, the United States, Brazil, South Africa, India, Korea and Indonesia. The study was conducted by the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) and WIGSAT with the aid of a 2010 Elsevier Foundation grant.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); Nigeria is a heavily populated country in West Africa and highly enriched with natural resources, a country that is very much encoded with high cultural values and appears to severely constrain women to attain their potentials.
AIDSTAR-One Technical Brief: Transitioning of Care and Other Services for Ado...AIDSTAROne
As the number of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) continues to grow, the need to improve services, policies, and programs intensifies. This technical brief provides guidance for program managers and policymakers in order to develop services for ALHIV and their families/caregivers as they transition toward HIV self-management and adult clinical care. Highlighting key principles and recommendations, this brief offers guidance to countries and programs on how to provide the multidisciplinary care, support, and treatment services these adolescents need.
ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN CRISIS: VOICES OF THE ROHINGYA
https://plan-international.org/publications/adolescent-girls-crisis-rohingya#download-options
20 JUNE 2018
In August 2017 the long-running crisis involving the persecution of the Rohingya community in Myanmar escalated after an outbreak of violence in Rakhine State. Almost a million Rohingya were forced to flee Myanmar and now live in refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar in neighbouring Bangladesh. Lives have been shattered and this report, the first to do so, focuses particularly on the lives and experiences of adolescent girls.
Commissioned by Plan International the report draws on data from research conducted in Bangladesh in April 2018. It explores how adolescent girls within two age brackets (10-14 and 15-19) understand the unique impact the crisis has upon them, and how they have responded to the challenges they face.
Despite the numbers of adolescent girls affected so profoundly by the ongoing Rohingya crisis, and of course, by many crises around the world, it is rare that either their own communities or the humanitarian sector at large pay much attention to them. This research is an attempt to rectify that: to acknowledge that girls and young women do have rights and that their ideas are worth listening to and acting upon.
Among the many learnings, we discovered that girls feel isolated. They have settled among strangers, and parents worry about their safety, keeping them even more trapped inside their new, makeshift homes.
75% of girls interviewed said they have no ability to make decisions about their own lives.
Deterents To Women’s Empowerment In Africa: Analysis Of Some Socio-Cultural P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Attitudes of Christianreligious Education (CRE) Teachers and Students towards...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to establish challenges in the teaching and learning of Christian Religious Education (CRE) that affect its provision and integration of effective HIV/AIDS education in secondary schools in Bungoma County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to establish the attitudes of CRE teachers and students towards the role of the subject in provision of HIV/AIDS education to learners in Kenya.Stratified random sampling was used to select the 62 secondary schools that were used in the study while simple random sampling was used to select 102 teachers and 462 students who participated in the study. The study was guided by concepts and theories on factors affecting curriculum development and innovation by curriculum developers such as Farrant, Bishop, Gross and others. The research instruments for this study werequestionnaires.Data from questionnaires was quantitativelyanalysed using descriptive statistics.The study established that both the CRE teachers and students had positive attitudes towards the role of the CRE in the provision of HIV/AIDS education. The study concluded that though most of the CRE teachers and students had a positive attitude towards the role of the subject in providing HIV/AIDS education, many felt what the subject was offering on HIV/AIDS was not adequate. Consequently, the study recommended that the ministry of Education should organize for in-service training or seminars for CRE teachers and students in secondary schools on the importance of the subject in providing HIV/AIDS education so that they continue to have a positive attitude towards the subject providing HIV/AIDS education.
HIV and AIDS still remains the greatest public health challenge globally (Strauss and Thomas, 2008).
It is undoubtedly a major cause of premature deaths in many parts of the world with the poorest regions being the most affected.
The lack of an imminent cure or vaccine means that more deaths and large disease burden are inevitable (WHO, 2001).
By the end of 2010, approximately 34 million people globally were living with HIV infection.
In the same year, nearly 2.7 million new infections including slightly over 300,000 among children and 1.8 million AIDS related deaths occurred (UNAIDS, 2010).
Factors Influencing Gender Disparities in the Prevalence of HIV AIDS in Fako ...ijtsrd
There is a prevalence of HIV AIDS in the society among men and women and there is gender disparity in the prevalence of HIV AIDS. Biological and other factors are pointing to the fact that the women are more vulnerable and therefore have more possibilities of spreading it. This study was done in Fako Division in the South West Region of Cameroon. The general objective of this study was to investigate the factors leading to the gender disparity in the prevalence of HIV AIDS. The research is a descriptive survey. The target population was the HIV AIDS patients that are treated in the Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals. These hospitals were purposively selected with a purposive sampling of 50 males and female. This research involves the use of both primary and secondary data with the use of questionnaires, check list and review of secondary data on problems leading to a gender difference in the prevalence of HIV AIDS in these areas. Analysis of data was done with the use of windows SPSS. Findings of the study show that there is a high gender difference of about 39.21 in Buea Regional Hospital and a gender difference of 24.4 in Limbe Regional Hospital. Some factors were found responsible for this disparity that include early start of sexual activities for females, low level of education, multiple sexual partners, unemployment for females and others. Recommendations have been made to the government, the women themselves, health professionals, NGOs and other significant stakeholders. Bisong Prisca Mboh "Factors Influencing Gender Disparities in the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Fako Division Cameroon: Case Study of Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29236.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/29236/factors-influencing-gender-disparities-in-the-prevalence-of-hivaids-in-fako-division-cameroon-case-study-of-limbe-and-buea-regional-hospitals/bisong-prisca-mboh
Older People and their role in Care Giving in Kenyaanyonasimon
Older People and their role in Care Giving in Kenya
Background
The first case of HIV in Kenya was reported in 1984 and in 1999 the disease was declared a national disaster. Over the years, the responsibility of caring for the growing number of orphaned children and PLHIV is increasingly falling on older people. This places enormous financial and social responsibilities on the older people who in many instances are facing a myriad of challenges some of which include declining incomes due to reduced productivity and age related complications.
This technical brief is derived from a situational analysis financed by the National AIDS Control Council (NACC)
and conducted in 2011 by HelpAge International. The analysis was carried out in 2 Provinces (i), Nyanza (Nyando District) and (ii) Central (Thika West and Gatundu Districts). The study covered a total of 690 HIV and AIDS affected households. All Respondents were above 50 years of age of which 62% were
women. The study documented overwhelming evidence that older people, particularly women, in HIV and AIDS affected households are highly vulnerable to extreme poverty. In most instances they were found to have few productive assets
and limited access to financial, medical and other support services. The study also found regional differences with regard to HIV with Nyando recording higher prevalence rates and lower levels of knowledge compared to Thika District.
This brief highlights the principal findings of the study as well as the gaps that were identified for future consideration in the fight against HIV.
The Effectiveness of HIV/Aids Education in Promoting Interventions for A Supp...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS education is supposed to not only be a medium of creating awareness but also most importantly promote practices and skills to enable HIV prevention among youth in schools. This article reports on a study whose purpose was to assess the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS education in promoting interventions for a supportive environment in secondary schools. Specifically, the study sought to find out the extent to which interventions for a supportive environment for HIV/AIDS prevention were emphasized to youth; and explore the factors that influenced the promotion of the interventions. The study focused on youth involvement, parental involvement and HIV/AIDS prevention friendly school policies. The findings of the study established that the potential of the youth in enabling HIV/AIDS prevention among their fellow peers was not fully exploited. Parental involvement was low especially among the fathers. Parents rarely engaged in discussions on topics that dealt with sexuality. HIV/AIDS prevention friendly policies were ineffectively promoted in schools. Factors that influenced the promotion of the interventions were explored.
Scorecard on Gender Equality and the Knowledge Society Elsevier
The study (National Assessments and Benchmarking of Gender, Science, Technology and Innovation) assessed the level of support, opportunities and participation of women in science in the world’s leading knowledge-based economies: the European Union, the United States, Brazil, South Africa, India, Korea and Indonesia. The study was conducted by the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) and WIGSAT with the aid of a 2010 Elsevier Foundation grant.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); Nigeria is a heavily populated country in West Africa and highly enriched with natural resources, a country that is very much encoded with high cultural values and appears to severely constrain women to attain their potentials.
AIDSTAR-One Technical Brief: Transitioning of Care and Other Services for Ado...AIDSTAROne
As the number of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) continues to grow, the need to improve services, policies, and programs intensifies. This technical brief provides guidance for program managers and policymakers in order to develop services for ALHIV and their families/caregivers as they transition toward HIV self-management and adult clinical care. Highlighting key principles and recommendations, this brief offers guidance to countries and programs on how to provide the multidisciplinary care, support, and treatment services these adolescents need.
ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN CRISIS: VOICES OF THE ROHINGYA
https://plan-international.org/publications/adolescent-girls-crisis-rohingya#download-options
20 JUNE 2018
In August 2017 the long-running crisis involving the persecution of the Rohingya community in Myanmar escalated after an outbreak of violence in Rakhine State. Almost a million Rohingya were forced to flee Myanmar and now live in refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar in neighbouring Bangladesh. Lives have been shattered and this report, the first to do so, focuses particularly on the lives and experiences of adolescent girls.
Commissioned by Plan International the report draws on data from research conducted in Bangladesh in April 2018. It explores how adolescent girls within two age brackets (10-14 and 15-19) understand the unique impact the crisis has upon them, and how they have responded to the challenges they face.
Despite the numbers of adolescent girls affected so profoundly by the ongoing Rohingya crisis, and of course, by many crises around the world, it is rare that either their own communities or the humanitarian sector at large pay much attention to them. This research is an attempt to rectify that: to acknowledge that girls and young women do have rights and that their ideas are worth listening to and acting upon.
Among the many learnings, we discovered that girls feel isolated. They have settled among strangers, and parents worry about their safety, keeping them even more trapped inside their new, makeshift homes.
75% of girls interviewed said they have no ability to make decisions about their own lives.
Deterents To Women’s Empowerment In Africa: Analysis Of Some Socio-Cultural P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Attitudes of Christianreligious Education (CRE) Teachers and Students towards...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to establish challenges in the teaching and learning of Christian Religious Education (CRE) that affect its provision and integration of effective HIV/AIDS education in secondary schools in Bungoma County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to establish the attitudes of CRE teachers and students towards the role of the subject in provision of HIV/AIDS education to learners in Kenya.Stratified random sampling was used to select the 62 secondary schools that were used in the study while simple random sampling was used to select 102 teachers and 462 students who participated in the study. The study was guided by concepts and theories on factors affecting curriculum development and innovation by curriculum developers such as Farrant, Bishop, Gross and others. The research instruments for this study werequestionnaires.Data from questionnaires was quantitativelyanalysed using descriptive statistics.The study established that both the CRE teachers and students had positive attitudes towards the role of the CRE in the provision of HIV/AIDS education. The study concluded that though most of the CRE teachers and students had a positive attitude towards the role of the subject in providing HIV/AIDS education, many felt what the subject was offering on HIV/AIDS was not adequate. Consequently, the study recommended that the ministry of Education should organize for in-service training or seminars for CRE teachers and students in secondary schools on the importance of the subject in providing HIV/AIDS education so that they continue to have a positive attitude towards the subject providing HIV/AIDS education.
HIV and AIDS still remains the greatest public health challenge globally (Strauss and Thomas, 2008).
It is undoubtedly a major cause of premature deaths in many parts of the world with the poorest regions being the most affected.
The lack of an imminent cure or vaccine means that more deaths and large disease burden are inevitable (WHO, 2001).
By the end of 2010, approximately 34 million people globally were living with HIV infection.
In the same year, nearly 2.7 million new infections including slightly over 300,000 among children and 1.8 million AIDS related deaths occurred (UNAIDS, 2010).
Information needs and resource utilization by people living with hiv/aidsResearchWap
1.2 Objectives of the study
The main purpose of this study is to depict a comprehensive picture of information need and resource utilization by people living with HIV/AIDS in ESUT Teaching Hospital Park lane, Enugu. The specific purposes of the study are as follows:
a. To determine the areas in which people living with HIV/AIDS needs information ESUT teaching Hospital.
b. To find out the information resource used by people living with HIV/AIDS in ESUT Teaching Hospital Park lane, Enugu.
c. To determine the extent to which information resources encourage and support the people living with HIV/AIDS to take positive actions to deal with HIV/AIDS in ESUT Teaching Hospital Park lane, Enugu.
d. To determine the benefits derived from the use of information resources by the PLWHA in ESUT Teaching Hospital Park lane, Enugu.
e. To find out the barriers to access and utilization of information resources by PLWHA in ESUT Teaching Hospital Park lane, Enugu.
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Awareness of Technical School Adolescent Students Regarding Aids / HIV in Tan...iosrjce
The Aim Of This Study: was to assess the level of awareness about HIV/AIDS among in-technical school
adolescents in Tanta city.
Background: In Egypt, HIV is prevalent among the most productive population. About 84.3 % of the HIV
infected Egyptians were between 15-49 years. There is an increase in the number of detected HIV infections in
the youth and the share of those between 15-24 years is 14.1% of all detected HIV infections.
Design: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used.
Methods: school-based study was conducted using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The
respondents were secondary technical school students' grade 3, 4, and 5 in Tanta city-Egypt.
Results: The majority of the studied students had poor awareness score about AIDS. However, the female
students were more likely to have poor HIV/AIDS awareness compared to male students. About two thirds of the
students have a lot of misconceptions related to transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS.
Conclusion & Recommendation: lack of awareness and misconceptions about HIV/ AIDS are commonly
among technical school adolescent students in Tanta city. HIV/AIDS information, education and communication
activities need to be intensified in secondary technical schools, including further attention being put on gender
and teaching methods of HIV/AIDS and its related issues.
Growing Young Lives_ March 2022 Webinar.pptxYoungLives
The international Young Lives study follows 12,000 young people in Ethiopia, Peri, Vietnam, and India (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana) to look at the consequences of poverty and inequality.
I was the primary lead person working on the layout and graphical aspects of this PP deck. I also contributed information for 12 slides of this advocacy presentation.
Impact of Peer Educational Programme and Gender on Biology Students’ Knowledg...iosrjce
This paper examined the impact of peer educational programme and gender on Biology students’
knowledge of HIV/AIDS concept in two selected local government area in Ekiti State. The study adopted a
pretest-posttest control group quasi experimental design. The sample consisted of 192 SSS II Biology Students
from four schools randomly selected in Ekiti States. Three instruments used were -Teachers’ Instructional
Guides for: HIV/AIDS Peer Education and Conventional Lecture Method; Biology Science Students’
Knowledge Scale (r=0.80). Three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using
ANCOVA and mean scores. Results showed that Treatment had significant main effect on knowledge (F (2,131)
=32.62, P < .05). Gender had no significant main effect on knowledge (F (2,131) = 1.344, P > .05). (The two-way
interaction effect of treatment and gender was not significant on knowledge (F (2,131) = 1.344, P > .05). peer
education strategy is therefore, recommended to be adopted by Biology teachers and curriculum planners.
Word Count: 158
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); HIV-related stigma is a global issue. Its perpetuation varies in magnitude across and within countries, and serves as a major barrier to HIV prevention efforts.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
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CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
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AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
1. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.2, No.4, 2011
Communicating HIV &AIDS among Students in Kenya’s
Institutions of Higher Learning: A Challenge for the 21st
Century
Nancy Gakahu
Masinde Muliro University,Kenya
Email: nancygakahu@yahoo.com
Ruth Joyce Nyawira Kaguta (corresponding author)
Moi University, Kenya
Email: kagutajoy@yahoo.com
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is tearing the African continent to shreds. The epidemic is taking an enormous toll on the
region’s youth, majority of whom, often lack sexual information and health services. Universities in the
continent have not been spared either. The population of these universities comprise of young adults aged
18 – 35 years. This population is sexually active and therefore vulnerable to HIV/AIDS infection. But
perhaps what is worrying is that Universities lack policies and are reluctant to commit resources to address
the menace. Where HIV/AIDS communication has been attempted, it has been done without taking into
consideration the social, cultural, physiological and other important factors. There is a general perception in
this paper that in some years to come, African countries, including Kenya will have lost the cream of the
society to the pandemic.
Key words: HIV/AIDS, Higher Education, Kenya, Communication
1.0 Introduction
HIV/AIDS has become the world’s greatest challenge in the 21st century. Nowhere else has the disease
been more prominent than in sub-Saharan Africa. The region has 2/3rds of the world’s HIV/AIDS
infections and 74% AIDS cases. One of the most severe consequences of the disease in Africa is the loss of
young adults in their most productive years. High levels of abortions, school dropouts and sexually
transmitted infections confirm that youths are engaged in early sexual activities that predispose them to the
danger of HIV/AIDS. The high rate of infection among the youth depicts a situation whereby, either the
youth have not received sufficient information regarding the dangers associated with the disease, or they
have ignored the message.
It may be assumed that university students have the knowledge on HIV/AIDS and how to protect
themselves from the pandemic. However, a study on African universities by (Owino 2004) proved the
opposite; that university students are at risk just like any other population group in society.
In recognition of the fore mentioned statistics, this paper gives a critical analysis of HIV/AIDS prevalence
among students in Kenya’s institutions of higher learning. The paper delves into the question of whether
communication pertaining the pandemic has been effectively relayed to Kenya’s young adults. If it has
been relayed, has it been relayed in the right manner? Have the students ignored the message, and why
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2. have they done so? The social and economic consequences of HIV/AIDS prevalence among the youth are
also examined.
1.2 HIV/AIDS Prevalence among the Youth in Kenya
Kenya is one of the most affected countries by HIV/AIDS in East Africa (table 1). The face of the
pandemic in the country is primarily young, with majority of the victims aged 15 – 24 years. This is the
bracket under which students in higher institutions lie.
Table 1: estimated percentage number of 15-24 year old men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Eastern
Africa, 2001
Country % % 000’s 000’s
Women Men Women Men
Ethiopia 5.7 – 10.0 3.2 – 5.6 354 - 622 199 - 348
Kenya 12.5 – 18.7 4.8 – 7.2 448 - 671 172 - 258
Tanzania 6.4 – 9.7 2.8 – 4.3 239 - 362 104 – 160
Uganda 3.7 – 5.6 1.6 – 2.4 90 - 136 39 – 58
Rwanda 9.0 – 13.4 3.9 – 5.9 78 - 116 33 - 51
Source: UNAIDS, 2002
In 2003, 3.0 – 3.4 million new cases of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa occurred in the same age
group, aged 15 – 24 years (UNAIDS and WHO 2003). From the statistics presented above, it is clear that
the enormity of HIV/AIDS in Kenya’s institutions of higher learning cannot be underestimated. With the
current situation, effective communication is the only remedy for halting the spread of HIV/AIDS. Yet, it is
worrying just how little information is availed to students alerting them about the dangers involved.
1.3 HIV/AIDS Communication in Kenya
In tackling the problem of HIV/AIDS, communication is vital. It has the potential to provide information,
knowledge, attitude and skills that will inform and lead to positive moral behaviour and self-protection.
It is apparent that communication regarding HIV/AIDS has been carried out in Kenya. The government,
individuals and various non-governmental organizations have put much effort in creating HIV/AIDS
awareness. Despite the vigorous campaigns, the disease has still managed to claim a large number of
victims daily. This is a clear indication that there is a hitch in HIV/AIDS communication process.
According to (Obel 1995), “Many people in Kenya are not bothered about the consequences of being
exposed to the virus.” People in the country are aware of problems associated with the pandemic, but their
attitude does not reflect this awareness. Obel (ibid) observes, “They lack in-depth communication.”
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3. 1.3.1 Communication Challenges Pertaining HIV/AIDS
Going by Obel’s observation, it is important to look at critical areas that anti-HIV/AIDS campaigners in
Kenya may have ignored, that prevent recipient audiences from internalizing this communication. Kiuna
and Muhoro (2003) insist that rising HIV/AIDS prevalence calls for candid analysis of factors that
constrain behaviour change. Such factors may include biological, social and cultural.
1.3.1.1 Biological, Social and Cultural Factors
One of the challenges that HIV/AIDS communicators face is keeping aside the biological, social and
cultural factors while addressing the pandemic. For example, while asking young people to use condoms
while engaging in sexual activities, many campaigners ignore the details concerning how to procure
condoms, how to negotiate their use with a partner and how to use and remove them effectively.
Culture is also a very vital component of communication. According to (Nduati and Kiai, 1996), the
centrality of culture cannot be ignored in any discussion on HIV/AIDS. An understanding of people’s
culture helps in designing communication programs that focus on the manner in which knowledge can be
introduced into a cultural system. Such understanding fosters the ability to force community to rethink their
approach towards issues regarding sexuality and human relationships.
Communication materials used in advocacy campaigns must also be relevant to the culture in which they
are used. According to (Gakahu 2005), electronic media has adversely been used in sensitizing the youth on
the need for behaviour change in Kenya. This paper, however, is of the opinion that however crucial,
electronic media is, it may not be a very efficient tool in addressing HIV/AIDS in Africa. Many people lack
access to electronic media and where it is available, it may fail to give detailed information due to time
constraints. HIV/AIDS campaigners have failed to produce targeted results because the communication
materials used in the campaigns are not culturally appropriate in most African cultures.
One of the major aspects of culture is language. This language is very important in any communication
policy (Thiong’o 1981). Anti-HIV/AIDS campaigners have failed to recognize the fact that there exists a
unique language of the youth in any society. This language is significant for effective communication, and
should be given prominence in addressing the youth in matters pertaining HIV/AIDS. According to
(Ogechi 2005), there is need to use the lexicon and expressions that students employ in the discourse on
HIV/AIDS, and in Kenya, this lexicon is “sheng.”
1.3.1.2 Communication Strategies
Some universities in Kenya have tried several ways of creating HIV/AIDS awareness among the students.
Maseno, Nairobi and Kenyatta universities have outreach activities in response to HIV/AIDS crisis. These
activities include peer-to-peer counseling, skits, dances, songs, drama among others (Owino 2004). The
question however is, are these strategies in depth enough to address the pandemic? Such communication
strategies that are used to create awareness pertaining HIV/AIDS in Kenya are ineffective because they are
limited and shallow in what they discuss.
Another challenge of HIV/AIDS communication in Kenya is its focus on behaviour change. According to
(Asta and Peppa 2007), however, to think of HIV/AIDS communication in terms of behaviour change is
limiting. They argue, “It is insufficient to understand the challenges of HIV/AIDS prevention
communication as being only to do with addressing behaviour.” HIV/AIDS communication should be
thought of as a broad based set of communication activities that consider the implications of all sets of the
disease’s transmission and infection.
173
4. 1.4 Social and Economic Consequences of HIV/AIDS Prevalence among Students
By losing young people at their most productive years, Kenya risks its future. The country will be faced
with demographic, economic and social consequences. For instance, there will be diminished productivity,
lack of human resource, low birth rate among other factors.
Most University students are amongst the most talented and skilled in the young adult population. This
population is the one that the country will rely on to make up a high skill base in its economy. The
pandemic, therefore, poses a major obstacle to economic growth because of the effect it has on the stability
of the future workforce, both in private and public spheres. HIV/AIDS may interfere with the future
economy of Kenya by squeezing productivity, depleting skills and distorting labour.
1.5 Conclusion and Recommendations
In conclusion, it is apparent that HIV/AIDS poses a major challenge among students in Kenya’s higher
institution. More so, the pandemic raises many communication challenges especially if this communication
has to be effective. To counter these challenges, this paper recommends the following; HIV/AIDS
prevention strategies that focus on students must be innovative, creative and comprehensive. They must
address the environmental factors that place students at risk such as cultural and biological factors that
contribute to HIV/AIDS risk. While passing the message concerning HIV/AIDS, communicators need to
stress and consider factors that inhibit prevention. These factors include socio-cultural factors such as
female disempowerment and economic factors such as the inability to purchase contraceptives, hence
resulting to unprotected sex. Understanding communication process among young people is crucial in order
to design preventive strategies. The country should embark on multimedia, multidimensional and
interactive communication strategies so as to address every individual in a heterogonous group.
References
Asta, R. and Peppa, P. (2007), HIV Communication in Selected African Countries, Interventions, Responses
and Possibilities. Zambia: Sida.
Gakahu, N. (2005), “The Role of Broadcast Media in Behaviour Change and HIV/AIDS Communication in
Kenya: A Focus on Kenya’s Music Industry.” A paper presented at the 6th ATWS International
Conference in Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology.
Kiuna,S. and Muhoro, N. (2003), “The Challenges of Communicating with female Adolescents: A case
Study of Kenya.” In Gender and HIV/AIDS in Africa
Nduati,R. and Kiai, W. (1996), Communicating with Adolescents on HIV/AIDS in East and Southern
Africa. Nairobi: Regal Press Kenya Ltd.
Obel, A. (1995), Curbing the HIV/AIDS Menace Effectively. Circuit City Ltd. Nairobi.
Ogechi, N.O. (2005), The Language of Sex and HIV/AIDS among University Students in Kenya.
Stichproben: Wiener Zeitschrift Fur Kritische
Owino, P.O. (2004), “Study of African Universities in Response to HIV/AIDS: Case of Kenya”. Report for
ADEA, Nairobi, Kenya
Thiong’o, N. (1981), Decolonizing the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature.
Poretsmouth,NH: Heinemann
UNAIDS and WHO (2003), “AIDS Epidemic Update, 2003”. Retrieved from
http://www.unaids.org/wad/2003/epiupdate2003_en/epiupdate2003_en.pdf (6 May 2011)
UNAIDS (2002). “Report on the Global AIDS Pandemic”. Geneva.
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