The document summarizes the growth of the British colonial administrative apparatus in India from the late 18th century to the early 19th century. It discusses key acts and reforms that professionalized and centralized administration under the British East India Company. This included the Regulating Act of 1773, establishing the Governor-General role. The Pitt's India Act of 1784 created the Board of Control. Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) further bureaucratized and Europeanized administration, separating commercial and administrative functions and establishing a new civil service. The Permanent Settlement established the zamindari land tenure system in Bengal.

1. Growth of colonial Administrative Apparatus

2. The Regulating act 1773
• Restricted monopoly and company afffairs in Bengal
• Trade charter for 20 years subject to renewal
• Governor of Bengal made Governor General
• Unified Bengal, Madras and Bombay Presidencies under the Governor
of Bengal

3. LORD CORNWALLIS ERA : 1786-1793
• Pitt’s India Act of 1784
“half-loaf system”
establishing the Board of Control - British cabinet members
• 1786 to 1793, Lord Cornwallis, professionalized, bureaucratized, and
Europeanized the company’s administration
Outlawed private trade
• Separated administrative and commercial functions
• Enhanced salaries of companies servants

4. Administration and Judiciary
• 1785 – Cornwalis created bureaucracy of company servants who had
generous salaries and frequent Promotion
• Highlevel posts were reserved for British
• 1806 : company trained Officials in Haileybury college near London
• 1829 : Districts were established
• 1833: Civil services exams ; Any British could enter the service

5. Permanent
settlement
Zamindari System
Zamindars were granted legal ownership
Fixed revenue by a certain date
Peasants – Tenants
Ryotwari system - MADRAS AND BOMBAY
Peasants paid the revenue to British directly

6. CHARTER ACT 1813
• British abolished EIC monopoly over trade in India
• Abolished Monopoly in China in 1833
• Precedencies cant make laws , only Governor-general and his council.