1) The study examined the relationship between land use, surface runoff, and water quality in the Cikapundung River in Bandung City from 2006-2010.
2) Results showed that agricultural land comprised 53.8% of the catchment area, and rapid urban development led to increases in population density and impervious surfaces, altering the volume and velocity of surface runoff.
3) Water quality measurements of dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand indicated increasing pollution levels from 2004 to 2011 at sampling points along the Cikapundung River.
RU VI PERTAMINA BALONGAN berfungsi mengolah residu minyak menjadi produk-produk bernilai tinggi seperti LPG, gasoline, dan lainnya. Prosesnya memanaskan feed hydrocarbon di reaktor dengan katalis ter regenerasi, hasil cracking dimasukkan ke fraksinator. Katalis terpakai diregenerasi dengan udara untuk dikembalikan ke proses.
Pertamina telah melakukan sentralisasi sistem TI melalui pembentukan Corporate Shared Service sebagai penyedia layanan TI untuk seluruh anak perusahaan. Sentralisasi ini memberikan manfaat seperti efisiensi organisasi, peningkatan kompetensi pengelolaan TI, dan standarisasi proses bisnis yang mendukung pelaporan keuangan yang lebih cepat. Tantangan utama meliputi pengelolaan proyek, perubahan organisasi, dan kesenjangan kompetensi
PT Pertamina memiliki 7 unit pengolahan minyak bumi (refinery unit/RU) yang tersebar di berbagai provinsi di Indonesia dengan total kapasitas 997.300 BPSD. RU VI Balongan memiliki kapasitas 130.000 BPSD dan merupakan kilang terbesar di Asia Pasifik yang dirancang khusus untuk mengolah minyak berat jenis Duri dan Minas. Kilang ini memiliki berbagai fasilitas pengolahan minyak mulai dari distilasi, hidrotrating, k
The document discusses a phased approach to developing a TMDL for the Jordan River to address dissolved oxygen impairments. Phase I identified excess organic matter as the cause and calculated existing loads. Phase II will involve additional data collection and outreach to refine source allocations. Phase III will include final designs, with construction if needed in Phase IV to meet water quality standards.
RU VI PERTAMINA BALONGAN berfungsi mengolah residu minyak menjadi produk-produk bernilai tinggi seperti LPG, gasoline, dan lainnya. Prosesnya memanaskan feed hydrocarbon di reaktor dengan katalis ter regenerasi, hasil cracking dimasukkan ke fraksinator. Katalis terpakai diregenerasi dengan udara untuk dikembalikan ke proses.
Pertamina telah melakukan sentralisasi sistem TI melalui pembentukan Corporate Shared Service sebagai penyedia layanan TI untuk seluruh anak perusahaan. Sentralisasi ini memberikan manfaat seperti efisiensi organisasi, peningkatan kompetensi pengelolaan TI, dan standarisasi proses bisnis yang mendukung pelaporan keuangan yang lebih cepat. Tantangan utama meliputi pengelolaan proyek, perubahan organisasi, dan kesenjangan kompetensi
PT Pertamina memiliki 7 unit pengolahan minyak bumi (refinery unit/RU) yang tersebar di berbagai provinsi di Indonesia dengan total kapasitas 997.300 BPSD. RU VI Balongan memiliki kapasitas 130.000 BPSD dan merupakan kilang terbesar di Asia Pasifik yang dirancang khusus untuk mengolah minyak berat jenis Duri dan Minas. Kilang ini memiliki berbagai fasilitas pengolahan minyak mulai dari distilasi, hidrotrating, k
The document discusses a phased approach to developing a TMDL for the Jordan River to address dissolved oxygen impairments. Phase I identified excess organic matter as the cause and calculated existing loads. Phase II will involve additional data collection and outreach to refine source allocations. Phase III will include final designs, with construction if needed in Phase IV to meet water quality standards.
This document summarizes a study on using coagulation-flocculation with micro sand to treat stabilized landfill leachate. The study examined different particle sizes of micro sand in combination with PAC, alum, or ferric chloride coagulants. The highest removal efficiencies for SS, color, COD, and ammoniacal nitrogen were achieved using PAC and cationic polymer with micro sand sizes of 75-90μm or 181-212μm. Removal rates of over 90% were achieved for SS and color, while COD and ammoniacal nitrogen removal rates were over 60% and 50% respectively. Micro sand provided improved removal compared to micro zeolite, though efficiencies were slightly lower
A Review of Air pollutants in the Ship Breaking and Recycling Industries of C...Mohammad Dain Shah Munna
A Review of Air Pollutants in the Ship Breaking and Recycling Industries in Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Dain Shah Munna
Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
University of Chittagong
IRJET- A Case Study: Effect of Industrial Effluent Contaminated Water Dispose...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a case study on the effect of industrial effluent discharged into the Chambal River in India on nearby irrigation land. Key findings include:
1) The effluent contains high levels of nutrients like NPK as well as heavy metals and other contaminants that accumulate in the soil over time and impact soil fertility and crop yields.
2) Water from the Chambal River is a major source of irrigation in the area, transporting pollutants onto agricultural lands.
3) Previous studies show both positive and negative effects of using this contaminated water for irrigation, including increased crop growth due to nutrients but also risks from heavy metals and other toxins.
This document summarizes a study that examined using micro zeolite combined with coagulants and coagulant aids to treat stabilized landfill leachate. The study tested different dosages of polyaluminum chloride (PAC), alum, and ferric chloride combined with micro zeolite and a polymer. The micro zeolite was tested at different particle sizes. The combination of PAC and micro zeolite achieved the highest removal rates for suspended solids (99.7%), color (96%), chemical oxygen demand (76%), and ammoniacal nitrogen (68%) with a settling time of 30 minutes.
This document summarizes the management of a shallow lake from 2008 to 2013. Key issues included invasive species, water clarity, muck, water quality/pollution, and water levels. Water quality showed improvements from 2008-2012 in metrics like phosphorus and clarity. Invasive aquatic plants remained a challenge. Future plans included continued monitoring, updating management plans, studying groundwater impacts, and assessing the lake berm.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
1. The study analyzed physicochemical parameters of water and soil samples collected near a fertilizer industry in Pulgaon, Wardha district, Maharashtra, India to examine the effect of effluent discharge on soil and groundwater quality.
2. Water sample results showed pH, TDS, hardness, alkalinity, and chloride levels exceeded permissible limits. Soil sample results found specific gravity, bulk density, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels above permissible limits in all samples.
3. The high levels of nutrients and other parameters in both water and soil samples indicate contamination from fertilizer industry effluent, rendering the soil unsuitable for agriculture and the water undrinkable. Continued discharge poses health
Nutrient Leaching and Groundwater Quality Assessment near Integrated Construc...Mawuli Dzakpasu
The document summarizes a study assessing nutrient leaching and groundwater quality near an integrated constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater. Key findings include:
1) The constructed wetland was very effective at removing nutrients like ammonia, nitrates, and phosphates from wastewater, achieving over 80% removal on average.
2) Leachate from the wetland cells contained high levels of ammonia but generally low levels of nitrates and phosphates.
3) Low infiltration rates from the wetland may not immediately threaten groundwater quality.
4) Groundwater nutrient levels were generally low except near sites with peat in the soil, which saw slightly elevated ammonia levels.
The document discusses a meeting of the East Fork Watershed Cooperative (EFWCoop). Key points:
1) The EFWCoop aims to integrate natural and built water systems through coupled modeling and monitoring programs to inform decisions. This includes assessing best management practices and developing data sharing architectures.
2) Current EFWCoop projects include linked models, small stream ecology monitoring, BMP effectiveness modeling, an innovative agriculture grant, and water quality trading market evaluation.
3) A drinking water treatment plant sampling update was provided, noting challenges like algal blooms, disinfection byproducts, and taste/odor issues requiring expanded treatment.
The document summarizes a meeting of the East Fork Watershed Cooperative (EFWCoop). Key points:
1. The EFWCoop supports research projects related to watershed modeling, stream ecology monitoring, assessing best management practice effectiveness, and data management.
2. Water quality monitoring data from a drinking water treatment plant intake shows algal blooms are leading to increased disinfection byproduct levels and taste/odor issues.
3. Updates were provided on using high-resolution soil data and discretizing the watershed for modeling water quality trading scenarios in the Upper East Fork watershed using the SWAT model.
This study investigated the composition and dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in two lowland UK rivers as it is transported downstream over a salinity gradient. Optical properties and fluorescence analysis identified three main DOM components: two humic-like and one protein-like. Results showed DOM decreases as salinity increases due to dilution and other abiotic/biotic processes like flocculation and photodegradation. DOM becomes less aromatic and lower molecular weight in more saline waters. There is a loss of DOM as rivers flow out to sea, and optical properties help investigate DOM dynamics as it is transported.
Presentation by Radisav D. Vidic,
University of Pittsburgh, for a hydrofracking forum hosted by the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, NY on May 5, 2012.
Water Management System at Chaibasa Cement Works presented by A.K.SrivastavaIndia Water Portal
This is a presentation from Chaibasa Cement Works,ACC Limited one of the finalists at the 5th CII-GBC National Award for Excellence in Water Management in 2008.
The awards are in 2 categories, Within the Fence for work done on minimizing the organisations water footprint, and Beyond the Fence for work done in the community around the industry.
This presentation was in the "Within the Fence" category.
We thank CII and the respective companies for giving us permission to upload these presentations on the India Water Portal website for dissemination to a wider audience.
The document summarizes a lab report analyzing wastewater disposal and reuse options for Lahore, Pakistan. It describes the existing conditions of wastewater entering the Ravi River from Lahore without treatment. A mathematical model was developed to analyze BOD and DO concentrations under existing conditions and different treatment alternatives. The model aims to identify the most appropriate disposal method to meet aquatic life requirements of 4mg/L DO in the river.
The document discusses test parameters for treated wastewater reuse for greenbelt irrigation and cooling tower makeup in India. It outlines that the Bureau of Indian Standards specifies parameters for different classes of inland water usage, including pH, conductivity, TDS, chloride, sulfate, boron, and sodium absorption ratio. These parameters are essential to test treated sewage and industrial effluent reused for greenbelt irrigation and cooling water makeup to ensure water quality standards are met.
This study analyzed groundwater quality in 8 gram panchayats surrounding Tirupati, India over 2 years. Water samples were tested for various physicochemical parameters and results were compared to drinking water standards. While most parameters were within limits, calcium and magnesium levels were high in some areas. Correlation between total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness and chlorides indicated groundwater quality is influenced by carbonates, bicarbonates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium from local geology. Overall, the groundwater was deemed safe for consumption except for high calcium and magnesium levels, which do not negatively impact human health.
The document summarizes research conducted on Lake sediments in Hussain Sagar Lake and their impact on groundwater quality. The research was sponsored by AICTE and APCOST. Studies found progressive deterioration in lake water quality over time, with increasing pollutant concentrations. Sediment samples also showed elevated heavy metals like chromium, zinc and lead. Pore water extracted from sediments had very high dissolved solids and hardness levels. Overall, the research aims to understand the relationship between lake sediments, groundwater pollution and suggest remedial measures.
IRJET- Water Quality Analysis of River GangaIRJET Journal
1. The study analyzed water quality of the Ganga River at two locations, Devprayag and Haridwar, in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons.
2. Water quality parameters like pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, BOD, and COD were tested and mostly within Bureau of Indian Standards limits. However, pollution indicators like BOD and COD increased from Devprayag to Haridwar due to discharge of industrial and domestic waste.
3. While water quality did not show severe deterioration, it decreased gradually along the river stretch due to increasing population, waste discharge, and other human activities. The study concluded more treatment of industrial and domestic waste is needed before discharge
This document summarizes a study on using coagulation-flocculation with micro sand to treat stabilized landfill leachate. The study examined different particle sizes of micro sand in combination with PAC, alum, or ferric chloride coagulants. The highest removal efficiencies for SS, color, COD, and ammoniacal nitrogen were achieved using PAC and cationic polymer with micro sand sizes of 75-90μm or 181-212μm. Removal rates of over 90% were achieved for SS and color, while COD and ammoniacal nitrogen removal rates were over 60% and 50% respectively. Micro sand provided improved removal compared to micro zeolite, though efficiencies were slightly lower
A Review of Air pollutants in the Ship Breaking and Recycling Industries of C...Mohammad Dain Shah Munna
A Review of Air Pollutants in the Ship Breaking and Recycling Industries in Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Dain Shah Munna
Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
University of Chittagong
IRJET- A Case Study: Effect of Industrial Effluent Contaminated Water Dispose...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a case study on the effect of industrial effluent discharged into the Chambal River in India on nearby irrigation land. Key findings include:
1) The effluent contains high levels of nutrients like NPK as well as heavy metals and other contaminants that accumulate in the soil over time and impact soil fertility and crop yields.
2) Water from the Chambal River is a major source of irrigation in the area, transporting pollutants onto agricultural lands.
3) Previous studies show both positive and negative effects of using this contaminated water for irrigation, including increased crop growth due to nutrients but also risks from heavy metals and other toxins.
This document summarizes a study that examined using micro zeolite combined with coagulants and coagulant aids to treat stabilized landfill leachate. The study tested different dosages of polyaluminum chloride (PAC), alum, and ferric chloride combined with micro zeolite and a polymer. The micro zeolite was tested at different particle sizes. The combination of PAC and micro zeolite achieved the highest removal rates for suspended solids (99.7%), color (96%), chemical oxygen demand (76%), and ammoniacal nitrogen (68%) with a settling time of 30 minutes.
This document summarizes the management of a shallow lake from 2008 to 2013. Key issues included invasive species, water clarity, muck, water quality/pollution, and water levels. Water quality showed improvements from 2008-2012 in metrics like phosphorus and clarity. Invasive aquatic plants remained a challenge. Future plans included continued monitoring, updating management plans, studying groundwater impacts, and assessing the lake berm.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
1. The study analyzed physicochemical parameters of water and soil samples collected near a fertilizer industry in Pulgaon, Wardha district, Maharashtra, India to examine the effect of effluent discharge on soil and groundwater quality.
2. Water sample results showed pH, TDS, hardness, alkalinity, and chloride levels exceeded permissible limits. Soil sample results found specific gravity, bulk density, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels above permissible limits in all samples.
3. The high levels of nutrients and other parameters in both water and soil samples indicate contamination from fertilizer industry effluent, rendering the soil unsuitable for agriculture and the water undrinkable. Continued discharge poses health
Nutrient Leaching and Groundwater Quality Assessment near Integrated Construc...Mawuli Dzakpasu
The document summarizes a study assessing nutrient leaching and groundwater quality near an integrated constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater. Key findings include:
1) The constructed wetland was very effective at removing nutrients like ammonia, nitrates, and phosphates from wastewater, achieving over 80% removal on average.
2) Leachate from the wetland cells contained high levels of ammonia but generally low levels of nitrates and phosphates.
3) Low infiltration rates from the wetland may not immediately threaten groundwater quality.
4) Groundwater nutrient levels were generally low except near sites with peat in the soil, which saw slightly elevated ammonia levels.
The document discusses a meeting of the East Fork Watershed Cooperative (EFWCoop). Key points:
1) The EFWCoop aims to integrate natural and built water systems through coupled modeling and monitoring programs to inform decisions. This includes assessing best management practices and developing data sharing architectures.
2) Current EFWCoop projects include linked models, small stream ecology monitoring, BMP effectiveness modeling, an innovative agriculture grant, and water quality trading market evaluation.
3) A drinking water treatment plant sampling update was provided, noting challenges like algal blooms, disinfection byproducts, and taste/odor issues requiring expanded treatment.
The document summarizes a meeting of the East Fork Watershed Cooperative (EFWCoop). Key points:
1. The EFWCoop supports research projects related to watershed modeling, stream ecology monitoring, assessing best management practice effectiveness, and data management.
2. Water quality monitoring data from a drinking water treatment plant intake shows algal blooms are leading to increased disinfection byproduct levels and taste/odor issues.
3. Updates were provided on using high-resolution soil data and discretizing the watershed for modeling water quality trading scenarios in the Upper East Fork watershed using the SWAT model.
This study investigated the composition and dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in two lowland UK rivers as it is transported downstream over a salinity gradient. Optical properties and fluorescence analysis identified three main DOM components: two humic-like and one protein-like. Results showed DOM decreases as salinity increases due to dilution and other abiotic/biotic processes like flocculation and photodegradation. DOM becomes less aromatic and lower molecular weight in more saline waters. There is a loss of DOM as rivers flow out to sea, and optical properties help investigate DOM dynamics as it is transported.
Presentation by Radisav D. Vidic,
University of Pittsburgh, for a hydrofracking forum hosted by the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, NY on May 5, 2012.
Water Management System at Chaibasa Cement Works presented by A.K.SrivastavaIndia Water Portal
This is a presentation from Chaibasa Cement Works,ACC Limited one of the finalists at the 5th CII-GBC National Award for Excellence in Water Management in 2008.
The awards are in 2 categories, Within the Fence for work done on minimizing the organisations water footprint, and Beyond the Fence for work done in the community around the industry.
This presentation was in the "Within the Fence" category.
We thank CII and the respective companies for giving us permission to upload these presentations on the India Water Portal website for dissemination to a wider audience.
The document summarizes a lab report analyzing wastewater disposal and reuse options for Lahore, Pakistan. It describes the existing conditions of wastewater entering the Ravi River from Lahore without treatment. A mathematical model was developed to analyze BOD and DO concentrations under existing conditions and different treatment alternatives. The model aims to identify the most appropriate disposal method to meet aquatic life requirements of 4mg/L DO in the river.
The document discusses test parameters for treated wastewater reuse for greenbelt irrigation and cooling tower makeup in India. It outlines that the Bureau of Indian Standards specifies parameters for different classes of inland water usage, including pH, conductivity, TDS, chloride, sulfate, boron, and sodium absorption ratio. These parameters are essential to test treated sewage and industrial effluent reused for greenbelt irrigation and cooling water makeup to ensure water quality standards are met.
This study analyzed groundwater quality in 8 gram panchayats surrounding Tirupati, India over 2 years. Water samples were tested for various physicochemical parameters and results were compared to drinking water standards. While most parameters were within limits, calcium and magnesium levels were high in some areas. Correlation between total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness and chlorides indicated groundwater quality is influenced by carbonates, bicarbonates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium from local geology. Overall, the groundwater was deemed safe for consumption except for high calcium and magnesium levels, which do not negatively impact human health.
The document summarizes research conducted on Lake sediments in Hussain Sagar Lake and their impact on groundwater quality. The research was sponsored by AICTE and APCOST. Studies found progressive deterioration in lake water quality over time, with increasing pollutant concentrations. Sediment samples also showed elevated heavy metals like chromium, zinc and lead. Pore water extracted from sediments had very high dissolved solids and hardness levels. Overall, the research aims to understand the relationship between lake sediments, groundwater pollution and suggest remedial measures.
IRJET- Water Quality Analysis of River GangaIRJET Journal
1. The study analyzed water quality of the Ganga River at two locations, Devprayag and Haridwar, in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons.
2. Water quality parameters like pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, BOD, and COD were tested and mostly within Bureau of Indian Standards limits. However, pollution indicators like BOD and COD increased from Devprayag to Haridwar due to discharge of industrial and domestic waste.
3. While water quality did not show severe deterioration, it decreased gradually along the river stretch due to increasing population, waste discharge, and other human activities. The study concluded more treatment of industrial and domestic waste is needed before discharge
1. Kristy Rosyemary and Idris Maxdoni Kamil
Department of Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Institut Teknologi Bandung
5. 322,4 mm
166,75 mm (2010)
(2008)
154,7 mm
(2006)
14.314/km2
14.192,1/km2 (2010)
(2008)
13.729,7/km2
(2006)
6. The amount of volume The amount of DO and
of water flow of COD concentration of
Cikapundung River Cikapundung River
Relationship between
Relationship between
surface runoff and water
land use and surface
quality & quantity of
runoff
Cikapundung River
9. Land Use Percentage Cikapundung River
has catchment area of
Agricultural 53.8% 111.3 km2 in
upstream, 90.4 km2
Habitation 25.3% in midstream, and
76.5km2 in
Forest 3.71% downstream
Field 6.62%
Bush 5.3%
Land 5.64%
10. (Source: PSDA Provinsi Jawa Barat)
As main urban drainage
As city attraction (Curug
Dago, Maribaya and City
Zoo)
As raw water source for local
drinking water company
(PDAM Kota Bandung) and
other industries
11. 7
6
Stream flow (m3/sec)
5
4
Maribaya
3
Gandok
2 Pasirluyu
1
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Time (year)
(Source: PSDA Provinsi Jawa Barat)
12. Parameters
Year Area Quality
that didn’t
Maribaya Lightly polluted
2006 Pasirluyu Lightly polluted
meet
Dayeuh Kolot Lightly polluted quality
Maribaya Middle polluted standards
2007 Pasirluyu Heavy polluted are:
Dayeuh Kolot Heavy polluted
TSS, DO,
Maribaya Heavy polluted
2008 Pasirluyu Heavy polluted BOD, total
Dayeuh Kolot Heavy polluted coliform
Maribaya Heavy polluted and fecal
2009 Pasirluyu Heavy polluted coliform
Dayeuh Kolot Heavy polluted
Maribaya Heavy polluted
2010 Pasirluyu Heavy polluted
Dayeuh Kolot Heavy polluted
(Source: PSDA Provinsi Jawa Barat)
19. Bandung City has developed very rapidly
and this leads to land use changes
Land use changes will impact the volume
and velocity of surface runoff
20. The increase of surface runoff volume
causing a stream flow fluctuation in
Cikapundung River, specially in
midstream section
Surface water that contaminated by
contact with pollutants in surface area and
flows directly into a river will affect on
water quality in Cikapundung River
21. DO, BOD and COD concentration in
Cikapundung River decreased from 2004
to 2007, but increased again in the next
year until 2011
Editor's Notes
Assalamualaikumwrwb. Good morning ladies & gentlemen, Good Morning Mr. Suhar, My name is Kristy Rosyemary. I am going to present my research about “the impact of surface runoff to water quality and quantity of cikapundung river”
There are the contents of my presentation, we start with the introduction, then the objective, the next is methods, and we’re going to results & discussion, and the last one is conclusion
Surface runoff is rainwater that does not strain into the ground and flows over the surface to the lower altitude. According to Anderson, when surface runoff contact with the surface of the ground, water may become contaminated by contact with animal and human wastes and it can affect the quality of water bodies
This research focused on Cikapundung around Bandung City. Cikapundung river crosses Bandung City along 15.5 km and 60% from it is around densely populated with one hundred fifty eight bulidings.
Based on West Java Province Central Bureau of Statistics, average rainfall and population density of Bandung City increased from 2006 to 2010. It surely can affect the water quality and quantity of Cikapundung River
And we’re going to the objective of this research. There are: to know 1, to measure 2, to identify poin 3 and poin 4
This research has two main stages. 1st stage is primary and secondary data collection. Primary data consists of do & cod concentration. Secondary data consists of average rainfall, average water flow, and land uses of cikapundung river. And the 2nd stage is identification. This research identified relationship between land use and surface runoff, relationship between surface runoff and quality & quantity of CikapundungRiver
Oke, now we’re going to the results and discussion
As you can see, most of cikapundung area use to agricultural and habitation. Cikapundung has three main area, there are upstream from Maribaya to Gandok which mostly consist of green area like agricultural, forest and land. Midstream from Gandok to DayeuhKolot, and downstream in DayeuhKolot which mostly consists of habitation
Now we talk about potency of cikapundung river. Because it crosses Bandung City, Cikapundung River has potency to be main urban drainage, and also as city attraction such as Curug Dago, Maribaya and City Zoo, and also as raw water source for local drinking water company and other industries.Based on PSDA JaBar, PDAM Kota Bandung required sekian2, PT Kimia Farma required sekian2, PT dailatek required sekian2, and artostek required sekian2
And this is stream flow of cikapundung river from 2006 to 2010. as you can see, there is an extreme condition in 2010. There is a big different stream flow between upstream and downstream
This is water quality status of Cikapundung River based on PSDA Jabar. The table shown that water quality of cikapundung river decreased from 2006 to 2010. from lightly polluted to heavy polluted
The research has conducted on oct, 2012. you can see the results on the table that cod concentration in kebonsirih and kebonbibitbarat didn’t meet quality standards
Now we will talk about how land use changes can effect on surface water. We know that Bandung is capital city of west java, so it surely the rate of population density will increased. This leads to changes in land use, such as the using of natural land has changed into constructed land. And in the end, it can be increasing the volume and velocity of runoff
This are land use changes effect on surface runoff and the following impact. First, surface runoff volume increased willreduce the volume of water storage in the soil. Second, Surface runoff velocity increased will causing water may dissolve some chemicals as it percolates through the ground, and flows directly into a river. And third, Changes in peak discharge time. The impact of this change is reduction in water flow during summer, this was due to lack of water reserves in the soil. Otherwise, surface runoff will increase in rainy season and cause flooding
As I mentioned before, surface runoff velocity increased can affect the water quality of cikapundung area. For DO concentration, in last 9 years, only five times it didn’t meet quality standards.
But for BOD and COD concentration, it didn’t fulfill quality standards almost in every section. And the most extreme condition occurred in 2011
So, from this research, we can conclude that:land use of Bandung City changed