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OB is a field of study that investigates the impact
that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior
within organizations for the purpose of applying such
knowledge toward improving an organization’s
effectiveness. (Stephen Robbins)
Other definitions
The understanding, prediction and management
of human behavior in organizations.(Fred Luthans)
The study of what people think, feel and do in and
around organizations.(McShane& Van Glinow)
Disciplines contributing to OB field
 Psychology
 Social Psychology
 Sociology
 Anthropology
Psychology
Learning
Motivation
Personality
Emotions
Perception
Training
Leadership effectiveness
Job satisfaction
Individual decision making
Performance appraisal
Attitude measurement
Employee selection
Work design
Work stress
individual
Social psychology
Behavioral change
Attitude change
Communication
Group processes
Group decision making
Group
Sociology
Communication
Power
Conflict
Inter group behavior
Formal organization
Organizational
technology
Organizational change
Organizational culture
Group
Organization
Anthropology
Comparative values
Comparative attitudes
Cross cultural analysis
Organizational culture
Organizational environment
Power
Group
Organization
Why study Individual
behavior?
Ability
Biographical characteristics
Learning
Ability
 Intellectual
 Physical
Biographical characteristics
 Age
 Gender
 Race
 Social group
 Religion
 Tenure
 Marital status
Learning
Any relatively permanent change in behavior that
occurs as a result of experience.
Theories of learning
 Classical conditioning
 Operant conditioning
 Social learning
Classical conditioning
(Ivan Pavlov)
A type of conditioning in which an individual
responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily
produce such a response.
Operant conditioning
(B F Skinner)
A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary
behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment.
Social learning theory
Individuals can learn by observing what happens
to others as well as through direct experiences. This
view of learning is known as social learning theory.
Modeling
 Attentional process
 Retention process
 Motor reproduction process
 Reinforcement process
Shaping
Systematically reinforcing each successive step
that moves an individual closer to the desired
response.
Methods of shaping behavior
 Positive reinforcement
 Negative reinforcement
 Punishment
 Extinction

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14773252.ppt