furniture stylish kinds for design manufacturing

2. Familiarize yourself with certain names that designers have given to
pieces of furniture. Those names reflect the way the piece is constructed,
more than the way they are decorated or finished.
A coffee table is
a low table, often
placed in front of
a sofa for
magazines,
beverages, etc…
regardless of
furniture style.

3. Wing Chair:
projecting sides
Club Chair:
heavily
upholstered
Barcelona
Chair:
stainless
steel
frame
Director’s Chair: wood frame with
canvas seat and back
Morris Chair:
has loose
cushions and
a movable
back
Bentwood
Chair: made
from steam-bent
wood pieces
Arm and Side Chairs:
dining chairs

4. Trundle Bed: low bed
on casters under a full
height bed
Small upholstered
footstool: also known as
a hassock or ottoman
Armoire (ärm-wär‘):
A large wardrobe
cabinet
Bombe Chest:
A commode with a
bulging sides, front,
or both
Breakfront: Large china hutch
with a center section that extends
beyond the side sections

5. Hutch: chest or
cabinet with an
open shelf above
Chaise Lounge:
backless couch with one
high side for reclining
Loveseat: small sofa for
2 people
Occasional table: small
table, sometimes with
shelves or drawers; may
serve as a lamp table or
coffee table
Library table:
rectangular table;
Parson’s table is simple
and does not have a
drawer
Pedestal table: has 1
or 2 center support
posts instead of 4 legs

6. Davenport: small
writing desk OR sofa
that makes into a bed
Divan: a living room piece with a concealed
bed mattress that pulls out from the seat
Etagère
(ā'tä-zhâr')(last
syllable rhymes
with chair): an
open shelf unit
for small
ornaments
Gateleg or Pembroke table: a drop
leaf table with one or two legs that
swing out to support the raised
leaves

7. Poster bed: high posts on all 4 corners
Canopy bed: has a cloth topper on a poster bed
Sectional: piece of seating furniture
composed of sections that can be
arranged separately or together
Lingerie chest: tall but narrow
chest of small drawers
Settee: small
double-seat that
may have arms and
be upholstered

8. Campaign furniture: has
metal corners and handles
like military chests
Coffee Table: low table
often placed in front of
sofa for holding
magazines and drinks
Commode: low chest
of drawers
Console: once a shelf
but now a versatile table
Credenza:
storage piece
about chair rail
height, usually
designed for
the dining
room but often
found in the
den

9. Bun Foot
Pad Foot
Ball and
Claw Foot

10. Reeded Brass Foot
Feral Foot Feral:
wild and menacing;
a "ferocious dog"
Club Foot; may be slightly
pointed; usually thick and
substantial
Trifid (TRY fid) Foot
Alternative name: Drake
Foot
3-lobed end-piece of a
Queen Anne cabriole leg
Paw Foot: may be a
hairy dog’s paw

11. Ogee bracket foot, popular
on Queen Anne and
Chippendale
French bracket foot
Spade Foot
Hoof Foot
Arrow Foot

12. Cabriole Leg Cabriole Leg with
Pad Foot
Cabriole Leg with
Ball and Claw Foot
Bandy Legged
Cabriole Leg

13. Tapered
Leg
Spiral Legs
Turned
Leg
Bulbous Leg

14. H Stretcher X Stretcher
Pediments above;
Pediment with Finial below
Motifs

15. Shield Back Chair
Lyre Back Chair
Ladder
Back
Chair
Fiddle
Back
Chair
Spoon
Back
Chair
Slat Back
Chair
Splat Back Chair

16. Eight-way hand-tied springs: considered
the best springs, each coil is hand tied
into place eight ways (front to back, side
to side, and diagonally), allowing the
coils to move independently while still
providing firm, comfortable support
Kiln-dried hardwood frame: the best frames are
made of hardwoods such as elm, oak, birch,
walnut and cherry which have been kiln-dried to
remove moisture, thereby protecting the frame
against warping, splitting, swelling and shrinking
Corner blocks: blocks of wood
used in the corners of the frame
that act as an extra brace,
strengthening the frame

17. Mortise and Tenon: a favored means of furniture
assembly where a projection, or tenon, in one piece of
wood fits securely into a groove, or mortise, in
another to make a strong, durable, interlocking joint
Tongue and Groove Construction
The Dovetail Joint, so named for it's
similarity in shape to the tail of the dove, has
been a hallmark of fine woodworking.
Typically, dovetails are use to join two pieces
of solid wood, as in the side and front of a
drawer.
Dowel joints: a traditional method of
construction using dowels (pegs made
of wood or steel) that are fitted into
holes to join two pieces of a frame

18. High density polyurethane foam wrapped in
Dacron is the most common (and least expensive)
seat core in upholstered furniture. The density of
foam (should be at least 1.8 pounds per cubic
foot) and quantity of Dacron will determine the
softness of the upholstered seat.
Spring-Down cushions consist of innerspring
coils surrounded by foam and wrapped in
Dacron. This whole unit is then inserted into
a muslin bag of channeled down. The springs
give the upholstered furniture support, while
the down gives a luxurious surface feel.
Down cushions offer the softest seat, utilizing a
combination of down and feathers sometimes
wrapped around a foam core and then encased in
a muslin bag. This cushion does not retain its
shape without an occasional fluffing. Back
cushions are primarily filled with Dacron fiber.
Encasing the filling in a bag will help the cushions
keep their proper shape.

19. Traditional furniture styles originated during historical periods of time
from the 1500-1900’s, primarily in France, England, and the United States.
The European styles came about in two ways: either the ruler of the
country decided what their own preferences were and then
commissioned the cabinet makers to produce the designs OR a
cabinetmaker themselves developed a particular style that others liked.

20. 1840 Victorian- English
1810 Empire – French
1795 Directoire – French
1790 Sheraton - English
1780 Hepplewhite - English
1774 Neoclassic - French
1770 Adam - English
1760 Regency - English
1750 Federal - American
1750 Chippendale - English
1730 Georgian - American
1723 Rococo - French
1715 Regence - French
1702 Queen Anne - English
1690 Early American - American
1680 William & Mary - English
1660 Restoration - English
1660 Colonial - American
1643 Baroque - French
1643 Cromwellian - English
1603 Jacobean - English
1600 Late Renaissance - French
1580 Elizabethan - English
1553 Tudor - English
1500
-
1900

21. Italian and Flemish influence such as bun feet; Henry IV and Louis XII;
furniture was large and upright; walnut, oak, and ebony were preferred;
marquetry was common (wooden inlays used to create patterns in furniture,
sometimes cut into shapes such as geometric shapes or flowers or leaves,
and sometimes used in a variety of woods in interesting grains and colors);
tall, slender columns and spiral turnings.

22. Louis XIV; massive, rectangular, and proportionately heavy furniture; marble
tabletops often placed on elaborately carved, square legs; upholstered chairs
and sofas covered in rich tapestries, brocades, and silks; the cabinetmaker
Andre-Charles Boulle created boulle work which used pewter, brass,
semitransparent tortoiseshell and a lustrous gold allow of copper and zinc
called ormolu for ornamentation

23. A transitional style between Baroque and Rococo;
cabriole legs were introduced; lighter woods were
used

24. Louis XV; furniture scaled down to more human proportions; curves, flowing
lines and symmetry; cabriole legs and scroll feet; ornamentation included
designs of shells, foliage, shepherd’s crooks, musical instruments, inlaying,
and marquetry; marble and leather tops were common, as was gold-leafing;
Chinese lacquer and Oriental motifs were introduced
French Provincial was a term given to
much of the furniture during the reigns of
Louis XIV through XVI. Some exposed
wood was painted white with painted
enamel or omalu trim.

25. Sometimes called Classic Revival, this style returned to straighter lines;
simpler motifs included roses, garlands, ribbons, and Cupid’s bows and
darts; some Greek & Roman influences

26. Just after the French Revolution,
furniture production was disrupted;
transition between Neoclassic and
Empire styles; motifs included military
and agricultural forms such as arrows,
spears, drums, stars, and wheat;
some Greek and Egyptian influences

27. Napoleon’s reign; masculine furniture with
geometric shapes, absolute symmetry, and
heavy, solid proportions; less carving and what
was used was very military in nature and
included chariots; highly polished veneers,
brass and ormalu ornamentation such as brass
corner protectors

28. Henry VII & VIII, Edward VI, and Mary; native oak was most popular; simple
carving and inlaying; Tudor rose, coat of arms and arabesques (scrolled
leaf pattern generally symmetrical in design) motifs; overall appearance
was large and heavy
Tudor Rose

29. The bulbous form (melon shaped) was
introduced; turned chairs had triangular seats
with thick turnings for back, arms, and legs;
wainscot chairs had rectangular seats with
turned or column legs and carved or inlaid
wooden backs

30. James I and Charles I reigns; more slender
bulbous forms; motifs of acanthus leaves
(large leaves used by Greeks in decoration),
intertwined circles, palmettos (resembled a
small, fan-shaped palm branch), ionic
capitals on columns, and romayne work
(caricatures of human heads); split balusters
(short, turned pieces of wood like spindles
split in half and often glued to surfaces);
upholstered chairs gained popularity

31. Civil War halted all furniture production;
any pieces made were much plainer than
before and relatively undecorated

32. Walnut replaces oak as most popular
wood; Charles II and James II reigned;
carvings and spiral turnings till used;
marquetry and gilded metal gained
popularity; oriental lacquers introduced
in England at this time; scrolls and floral
patterns were common; caned chairs;
elaborate cushions with fringes

33. Simpler, more elegant, and less
ornate furniture; highly polished
woods; oriental lacquers and
japanning (less expensive but
similar to lacquering); inlaid and
marquetry; bun feet; some metal
decorations; x-stretchers

34. Strong oriental influence;
gracefully curved lines; cabriole
leg; motifs included shells and lion
mask; ball and claw foot;
spooned-back chairs; use of
scrolls and finials was common on
top or bottom of pieces

35. Thomas Chippendale was a
London cabinetmaker; lyre,
pretzel, ladder back,
latticework chair backs;
mahogany; much Chinese
influence

36. George Hepplewhite featured more slender lines and delicate proportions than
Chippendale; straight, tapered legs with straight, spade, or thimble feet; chairs
had heart, caned, wheel, oval, and his characteristic shield backs; wheat,
ribbons, fluting, and oval carvings; some painted motifs such as the 3-
feathered crest of the Prince of Wales and floral designs

37. Robert & James Adam were architects
employing cabinetmakers to make furniture
to complement their architecture;
symmetrical with Greek and Roman designs;
moved from mohagany to satinwood (a
medium brown with less red tone)

38. Thomas Sheraton designed furniture but left construction
to others; straight lines; rectangular chair backs; legs
and feet like Hepplewhite; motifs included urns, swags,
leaves; porcelain plaques used for decoration; splayed
legs; incorporated mechanical devices for disappearing
drawers folding tables, and secret compartments

39. Less originality; reused ancient
Roman, Greek, and Egyptian designs
such as the concave legs on chairs and
symmetrical leaf designs

40. Queen Victoria reigned; designs borrowed from several earlier styles such
as Renaissance, gothic (the middle ages artwork and architecture) and
Rococo (so sometimes called the eclectic style); mass produced, but
elaborately ornamented objects such as rose carvings; characteristic deep
greens and burgundy velvet and brocades; rosewood

41. Homes were small and survival was an issue rather
than furniture, so home furnishings were few and
basic; low trunks doubled as seats and slanted-top
bible boxes served as lap desks; trestle tables had
bench seats; drop-leaf table and chair seats were
popular; chairs had slatbacks and cane seats.

42. Slatback chairs were replaced by ladder backs for more comfort; split
spindles, turnings, and bun feet; low relief carvings, if any; painted and
stenciled designs often replace carvings; corner hutches; pine, beech, and
ash woods were popular because they were plentiful.

43. Boston, Newport, New
York, and Philadelphia
emerged as design
centers, each with their
own distinct styles or
modifications on
traditional European
styles; chairs became
contoured; couches
and upholstered pieces
were popular including
the wing chair; The
Windsor chair from
England was introduced
as a rocker in Boston;
secretary pieces became
popular; highboys and
lowboys were
introduced to replace
chests; brass hardware

44. Little change during the American Revolution,
but resumed later; ornamentation was patriotic
and included eagles, cornucopias, fruit, flowers,
lyres, and spiral turnings; designer Duncan
Phyfe used concave legs and ornate mirrors;
Pennsylvania Dutch liked cheerful designs
including colorful stencils of tulips, hearts, birds,
and leaves; animal and human motifs used by
American Scandinavians; Shakers valued clean
lines and frugality

45. 20th Century styles of furniture are those that originated after the
1900’s. They were inspired by specific designers such as Frank Lloyd
Wright, popular trends such as Art Nouveau or Contemporary, or the
influence of preferences from specific countries such as Scandinavia.
Today’s manufacturers still
create the traditional styles
of furniture, but do not
adhere to strict rules of
design. They “modify” the
designs to suit their client’s
preferences or method of
manufacturing.
Interior designers do not
select all one style of
furniture for any one room
either. They may mix &
match them in an appealing
manner. This is described
by the term “eclectic”.

46. As early as 1902, there was a rebellion against ornamentation called Art
Nouveau; designed to work well with mechanization; based on flowing,
natural lines ending in a curve similar to the bud of a plant; beautiful for it’s
artistic merit rather than it’s cost; inexpensive woods

47. Frank Lloyd Wright designed and built homes and furniture
with an emphasis on nature, in a manner like he designed his
sprawling ranch style homes in keeping with the sprawling
prairies. He integrated furniture into the structure whenever
possible… these referred to as “built-ins”; geometric
shapes, slats, and flat surfaces with no ornamentation; often
regarded as architectural sculpture
1867-1959

48. Walter Gropius founded a school known as The
Bauhaus in Germany in 1919 where the guiding
principle was to simplify the design of objects,
and mechanization; tubular steel, canvas, and
leather straps; Bauhaus design focused only on
function

49. In Scandinavian design from 1930-1970 the
wood was curved by applying heat and steam
to many veneers (same principle used in
making skis); white birch often used; clean,
sleek lines; upholstered pieces still had
exposed wood arms and legs

50. Latest furniture designs, not yet classified or experimental; wood, metals,
plastics, and glass are used; designs inspired from abstract art to everyday
objects; some created simply for the artistic pleasure of the designer, but
most for the middle-class market; mobile society wants lightweight,
affordable, adaptable furniture; modular pieces; folding metal or canvas
chairs, waterbeds, bean bag chairs, etc.

52. Name: _____________________
Due Date: __________________
You have already been assigned a drafting
project…to draw a ranch style house floor plan.
Then you were asked to choose one room of that
floor plan, and render it as a shaded, perspective
drawing. Now, we’re ready for furniture selection.
1. On your ranch style floor plan, choose two rooms that you wish to show
furnishings for. Choose two different types of rooms; a living room and a
bedroom perhaps, not two bedrooms.
2. Using magazines or catalogs, find a picture of an individual furniture item
OR a whole room full of furniture, to illustrate the style of furniture you
want in each room. The two rooms cannot have identical furniture styles.
3. Cut out the pictures, and set them aside for now. They will be added to
your final project later on. Identify the furniture styles, and be prepared to
label those later as well.