The document discusses the concepts of smart cities and user-centric open innovation using living labs. It defines a smart city as one that uses information and communication technologies to efficiently address challenges related to development and resources through integrated solutions that satisfy citizen desires. Living labs are described as systems that facilitate efficient user involvement in co-creative need-finding and designing desirable products, services, and solutions to address development and resource issues. Examples provided include crowd desire prediction, smart traffic management, and smart energy management. The document concludes by noting opportunities for synergy between open user-centric innovation, smart cities, and experimental facilities.