The document discusses the framework for smart cities, highlighting their definition as complex socio-technical systems that integrate ICT to improve planning and operations. It explores various scales of smart city implementations and emphasizes the importance of co-creation and collaboration among diverse stakeholders in the urban innovation process. Additionally, it outlines the challenges and opportunities in developing smart cities, including the need for flexibility and integration of various systems.

1. ICT Framework for Smart Cities
Møte mellom NTNU Smart Sustainable Cities og Gjøvik
kommune & eiendomsutviklere, 12.01.2018
Dr. Dirk Ahlers
Department for Computer Science, NTNU
https://www.ntnu.edu/employees/dirk.ahlers
http://dhere.de/
https://www.ntnu.edu/smartcities

2. 2
What is a Smart City?
• Technology?
• ICT?
• Data?
• Smarter Planning?
• Smarter Operation?
• Smarter Organization?
• Smarter People?

3. 3
What is a Smart City?
• Many definitions depending on view, role, discipline, sector,
domain, country, …
• Combination of physical world, services, infrastructure, ICT
• Dimensions of technology, people, institutions
A Smart City is a dynamic complex socio-technical system-of-
systems that integrates information and communication
technology into its structure to manage and improve its
planning, services, and operations towards a livable city.

4. 4
Portfolio
Architecture
If ICT was a city…
Enterprise
Architecture
System
Architecture
System Architecture as Architecture
Enterprise Architecture as Urban Planning

5. 5
Scales of study
Smart
Home
Smart
Building
Smart
Campus
Smart
Neighbor-
hood
Smart City
Smart
Nation
Building
Systems
Building
Integration,
Cohesion
Infrastructure,
Networks,
Community
City Systems,
Distribution,
Organization,
Politics,
Citizens
Large-scale
integration of
everything,
government,
?
Private
systems
?

6. 6
The (Smart) City environment
[ITU-T, Setting the framework for an ICT architecture of a smart sustainable city (SSC-0345), 2015]

7. 7
Project Examples
Gaining Insight, building systems

8. 8
Wireless Trondheim / Mazemap
Living Lab
• Range of applications on WiFi network
– WLAN indoor coverage on campus
• ‘Campus Analytics’
– Mobility data with high spatial and temporal
resolution
– Passive location sensing
– Device positions as proxy for people’s locations
– Abstraction and processing layers
• Data cleaning/preprocessing
• Movement Extraction
• Building-graph extraction
• Visualization

9. 9
CTT – Carbon Track and Trace: IoT emission sensor network
https://www.ntnu.edu/ad/ctt

10. 10
SCIL Makerspace

11. 11
• LoRaWAN IoT network with
gateway antennas and sensor
devices in the city
• IoT/Smart Home/Automation
hardware
• Drones, Arduinos, makerspace
equipment
• Measurement equipment
• HCI support
• Ongoing furnishing
Equipment

12. 12
Framework Approaches
Large ecosystems, integration, orchestration

13. 13
Smart City Evolution
City Evolution, City Systems Evolution
Technological
constraints
and
opportunities
City needs
and strategy
External and
internal
constraints,
options,
changes
[adapted from ITU-T, Setting the framework for an ICT architecture of a smart sustainable city (SSC-0345), 2015]
Architecture Evolution
and Adaptation,
Development and
Maintenance
Urban Renewal, City
Development, City
Redevelopment, Urban
Innovation
Smart City Co-Evolution
City ICT/EA
Smart Ci es
Enterprise
Architecture
Development
and
Evolu on

14. 14
Quadruple Helix Innovation Model
• Method used in Innovation,
Urban Planning/Development,
Citizen engagement
• Co-Creation and Open
Innovation
• Involvement and collaboration
of relevant actors
• Structural changes beyond any
one segment
• Smart city means involvement of
all stakeholders in urban
innovation, knowledge sharing,
collaboration
Participatory
Innovation
Industry
Academia
Civil Society
Government
[EU Digital Single Market: Open Innovation2.0 https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/open-innovation-20]

15. 15
Handling Complexity
• Smart City ➞ Smart City Development and Evolution
• Cities are complex
• Integrated interoperable solutions are hard (not only ICT)
• Goal: Keep flexibility, enable experimentation
• Trondheim: > 200 IT systems in the administration alone
(including legacy), does not include connection to physical
systems, physical asset management and automation,
external departments (health, …), subcontractors, national
systems, needs of future SC/IoT/BigData projects

16. 16
Refined Smart City Understanding through EA
• The city is a complex ICT-heavy socio-technical enterprise
ecosystem
• A Smart City is not a project or a state, it is a process
– At least a suite of complexly connected projects and environments and
dynamics
• Smart City can mean the City ‘reinventing’ itself
• Ongoing restructuring and digitalization processes
– Service innovation
– System/services integration and connection
– New technology, connecting silos
Smart Ci es
Enterprise
Architecture
Development
and
Evolu on

17. 17
Trondheim Kommune, Reference Architecture
for IT Services
[Referansearkitektur for IKT Tjenester, Trondheim Kommune, 2017]

18. 18
Espresso Smart Cities Reference Architecture
[Espresso H2020 project: D4.2.1 Smart City reference architecture report, 2016]

19. 19
Trondheim-NTNU Collaboration: Real-life cases

20. Contact
search://Dirk Ahlers
geo: 63°25‘10“N 10°24‘9“E
@dirkahlers
dirk.ahlers@ntnu.no
https://www.ntnu.edu/smartcities