ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32 ๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002
J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng., Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 001-002
ISSN 1225-9071(Print), ISSN 2287-8769(Online)
January 2015 / 1
http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/KSPE.2015.32.1.001
โ—† ํŠน์ง‘ โ—† IT ์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ/๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋Šฅํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
์Šค๋งˆํŠธ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ IT ์œตํ•ฉ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ
The System Architecture and Standardzation of Production IT Convergence for Smart
Factory
์ฐจ์„๊ทผ
1,*
, ์œค์žฌ์˜
1
, ํ™์ •๊ธฐ
1
, ๊ฐ•ํ˜„๊ตฌ
1
, ์กฐํ˜„์ฐฌ
1
Suk Keun Cha
1,*
, Jae Young Yoon
1
, Jeong Ki Hong
1
, Hyun Gu Kang
1
, and Hyeon Chan Cho
1
1 ใˆœ์—์ด์‹œ์—์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ (R&D Center, ACS Corporation)
* Corresponding author: skcha@acs.co.kr, Tel: +82-2-6900-4600
Manuscript received: 2014.10.20 / Revised: 2014.12.22 / Accepted: 2014.12.29
Smart factory requires 4 Zero factors including Zero Waiting-time, Zero Inventory, Zero Defect,
Zero Down-time) that needs IT convergence for production resources of 4M1E(Man, Machine,
Material, Method, Energy) in real time and event processing in all type of manufacturing
enterprises. This paper will be explaining about core emerging production IT convergence
technologies including cyber device security, 4M1E integration, real time event driven
architecture, common platform of manufacturing standard applications, smart factory to-be model
for small and medium manufacturing enterprises.
Key Words: Smart factory (๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๊ณต์žฅ), Production IT Convergence (IT ์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ), Real-time event driven (์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฒค
ํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜)
1. ์„œ๋ก 
์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
ICT(Information Communication Technology)์™€ ์ œ์กฐ
์—…์˜ ์œตํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž
๋™ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๊ณต์žฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ
ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ถœ๋ฒ” ์ดํ›„
NNMI(National Networked Manufacturing Innovation)
์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผํ•ญ๊ณต, ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ 3D Printer ์‚ฐ์—…์„
์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋…์ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” SAP,
Siemans ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ SW์™€ ์ •๋ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ์ธํ„ฐ
๋„ท์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œ์กฐ์—…๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—
์„œ Industry 4.0์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Industry 4.0์€ ๋…์ผ
์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ€ํฅ ์ •์ฑ…์ธ โ€˜High-Tech Strategy 2020 Action
Planโ€™์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์ž๋™์ฐจ
ยท๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์— ICT๋ฅผ ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณต์ •,
์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜, ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊นŒ์ง€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”
์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ(Smart Factory) ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜์‹ 
3.0 ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ž…์•ˆ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ 2020๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 1๋งŒ๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…์—
๋ณด๊ธ‰์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.1
์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”
ํ•˜๋Š” 4M1E (Man, Machine, Material, Method, Energy)
์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์› ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ
__________
Copyright โ’ธ The Korean Society for Precision Engineering
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which
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ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32 ๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 2
๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„
์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฌธ๋œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์—
๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ฉ๊ธฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต์žฅ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์€ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž, ๊ณ ๊ฐ,
๊ณต์žฅ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”
์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ IT
์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” 4Zero (Zero
Waiting-time, Zero Inventory, Zero Defect, Zero Down-
time)์˜ ์—ฐ์†๊ฐœ์„ (CIP: Continuous Improvement
Process) ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์—
์ƒ์šฉ ๊ธฐ์„ฑํ’ˆ(COTS: Commercial off-the-shelf) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜
IT ๊ด€๋ จ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ์‹œ์Šค
ํ…œ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.
2. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ IT ์œตํ•ฉ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€
ํ™” ๋™ํ–ฅ
์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณ„
ํš์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ 30๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กด์žฌํ•˜
์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ƒ์œ„์˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด ํ†ตํ•ฉ
ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฐ๊ด‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ œ์กฐ์—…, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ
ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ณด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ, ์ผ๋ฐฉ์  ๋ช…
๋ น์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„, ๋˜๋Š”
์ค‘์•™ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์žฅ๋ณ„ MES
์™€ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์กฐ์—… ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต์žฅ ๋‚ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ „์‚ฌ์  ์ž์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(ERP)๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋™๋˜์–ด ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ
์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์‚ฌ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜โ€ค์žฌ๋ฌดโ€ค์žฌ๊ณ โ€ค์œ ํ†ตโ€ค์ธ์‚ฌ์ „
๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ด์— ๋ณธ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์— ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š”
์ผ๋ฐ˜ IT ์œตํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐ ๊ณต์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉ
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค..
2.1 ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 3D Printer๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ด์ƒ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ œ
์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฐ ์•„๋ž๊ถŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต
๊ฒฉ์ด ์šฐ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ด
๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์™„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ
๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ Device ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด
์™„ ๋ฐ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด
๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
2.1.1 ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ (Device cyber
security)
๋จผ์ € ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ์€ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ
ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ธ SCADA/DCS ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ œ
์–ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ M2M/IoT device์˜ ์„ผ์„œ์™€
๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์™„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
์žˆ๋‹ค.
SCADA/DCS ๋ณด์•ˆ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ
(NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology)
Fig. 1 Block diagram of production IT convergence model for smart factory2
ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32 ๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 3
์™€ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ž๋™ํ™” ํ˜‘ํšŒ(ISA: International Society for
Automation) ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋””๋ฐ”
์ด์Šค์˜ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—… ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ๊ด€
๋ฆฌ์ธ IEC(International Electro-technical Commission)
์˜ 62443(๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ANSI ISA99)ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ
๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” IEC TC65:
Industrial-process measurement control and automation
๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
WSN(Wireless Sensor Network) ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” NIST
์—์„œ ์•”ํ˜ธ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ 128, 196, 256 bit AES
(Advanced Encryption Standard) ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ
๋ณด๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ •์‹ ์Šน์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
IP v6๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” IoT(Internet
of Things) ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž ํ˜‘ํšŒ์ธ
IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)๊ฐ€
์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
์„ผ์„œ ์ •๋ณด ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋น„๋™๊ธฐ์  ์š”์ฒญ/์‘๋‹ต ์„ค๊ณ„
๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)์ด ์ €
์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ
์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
2.1.2 ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ณด์•ˆ (Cloud service
security)
ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ณด์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ์ •๋ถ€
์ถœ๋ฒ” ํ›„ NNMI(National Networked Manufacturing
Innovation) ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ •๋ณด ์‹œ์Šค
ํ…œ์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ ์ง€์‹œ ๋ณด๊ณ 
์„œ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—
๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ์ค€๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
ํ•˜๋Š” FedRAMP(Federal Risk and Authorization
Program)์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋กœ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ๋„ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ณด
์•ˆ์€ FedRAMP์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜
๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ
์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
2.2 Object Process Methodology ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์›
(4M1E) ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
2.2.1 4M1E ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์› ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
์ƒ์‚ฐํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์›(4M1E) ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™”์—๋Š” Fig. 2
์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ๋ฌด์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž๋™, ์ˆ˜๋™ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๋™์œผ
๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ž๋™ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ
๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ IT์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” RS-232C ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ
์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์™€ Fieldbus, Ethernet ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ค
๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
TCP/IP, OPC(OLE for Process Control)์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹ 
ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์šด์ „์ƒํƒœ
์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ˆ˜๋™ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ธฐ,
RFID ํ˜น์€ ํ„ฐ์น˜์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ ๊ธฐ
๋Šฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ™œ๋™ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.
์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๋™ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€
ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋จผ์ € ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ PLC ๋“ฑ
๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆœ์ฐจ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋น„๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ๋ถ€
Fig. 2 The 3 type of typical method of production resource integration in real time3
ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32 ๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 4
ํ„ฐ PLC์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ Process I/O๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ธฐ
๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€
๋กœ ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์ง‘์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ค๋น„์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜
์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ™œ๋™ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘
๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ™œ๋™ ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
๊ฒฐ์ •์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด
๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์ˆ˜์œจ์ธ
ROI(Return On Investment) ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
์ด๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ
์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์ธ ๊ฒฝ
์šฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์–ด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜
์ด์Šค ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์„ค์น˜
ํ˜น์€ Process I/O๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜
์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์›์˜ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 4
Zero ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์ธ์ธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ํ’ˆ์งˆ, ๋‚ฉ๊ธฐ, ๊ณ ์žฅ
์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„
ํ‘œ์ค€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ (KPI for MOM)์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์— ๋Œ€
ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
์ด์— KPI for MOM(Key Performance Indication for
Manufacturing Operation Management)์€ ISO 22400ํ‘œ
์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์กฐ์—…์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›๋‹จ์œ„ ์ธก์ •์€ ISO 20140(Automation
systems and integration -- Evaluating energy efficiency
and other factors of manufacturing systems that influence
the environment) ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด์„ ํ†ต์‹ ์€ ISO JTC 1 WG 7 Sensor
Networks ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ผ์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ํ†ต์‹ 
์šด์˜์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์›จ์ด ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ
์–ด ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ณผ IoT Reference Architecture ๋“ฑ
์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
2.2.2 ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์›์˜ ๊ฐ์ฒดํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
์ œ์กฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์šด
์˜์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์šด์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ค‘์‹œ
๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋กœ์ธํ•ด IT๋ถ„์•ผ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ
ํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ IT์˜ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์š” ํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธํ•˜
์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ํ•ด์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ทผ IoT
(Internet of Things) ํ˜น์€ IoS(Internet of Service)์˜ ํ˜„
์‹คํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ TCP/IP ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ†ต์‹ 
ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ด ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉ
์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
์ƒ์‚ฐํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ž์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต์‹  ํ”„๋กœํ† 
์ฝœ์ด ํ†ต์ผ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ IT๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ
์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์–ธ์–ด(UML: Unified
Modeling Language)๋Š” ์•„์ง ํ†ต์ผ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ํ™œ์„ฑ
ํ™”์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
์ตœ๊ทผ IEC 62264 Enterprise-Control System
Fig. 3 Concept of how it works for autonomous 4M1E production resources configuration4
ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32 ๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 5
Integration, ISO 19440 Enterprise Integration-Constructs
for enterprise modeling, ISO/IEC 19782 Automatic ID
and Data Capture Techniques ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š”
OPM(Object Process Methodology)์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ISO
TC184/SC5 OPM SG(Study Group)์„ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€
ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ IoT, IoS ํ™œ์šฉ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ
์ž์›์ด ๊ฐ์ฒดํ™”๋˜์–ด Smart Factory ๊ตฌํ˜„์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„
๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
2.2.3 ์ž์œจ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
4M1E ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ˜„์žฅ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ, ์ด
๋™, ์ถ”๊ฐ€, ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ํ•„์š”
๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ
๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ž์œจ ์žฌ๊ตฌ
์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์› 4M1E๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ด๋™์„ ์œ„
ํ•œ ๊ณต์ •ํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์œผ๋กœ
์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฐ˜์ œํ’ˆ(WIP: Work In Process)์ด ์ด๋™
ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.
์ž์œจ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ Fig. 3์— ์ œ์‹œํ•œ IEC
62264(ANSI S-95) Enterprise-Control Integration์—์„œ
๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 4M1E ์ž์› ๊ณ„์ธต๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ •์˜
๋ฐ 4M1E ์ž์›์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์‹ค์‹œ
๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜
์—ฌ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ , 4M1E ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹ ๊ณผ
๊ณต์ •ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ 4M1E ์ •๋ณด
๋ฅผ ๋™์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.
2.3 ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
2.3.1 ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ
๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ณด
๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” IoT๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์„ผ์„œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ณ 
์† ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋น… ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” IT๊ด€์ ์—
์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ณ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ 
์ธ ์„ ์ €์žฅ ํ›„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ›„์ €์žฅ
๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” Response๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ Reaction
ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฒค
ํŠธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋Š” Asynchronous Style Processing์œผ๋กœ In-
Memory-Computing ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์—”์ง„์€
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋‹น 50๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ท 
3 microseconds ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์†๋„๋Š”, Real-time Analytics, Predictive
Analytics, Real Time ETL(Extract, Transform, Load),
Algorithmic Stock-Trading, Operational Intelligence ๋“ฑ
์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์šฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
2.3.2 IoT@work
ํ˜„์žฌ IoT ์ ์šฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์‹ ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์ 
์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ IoT@work ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ, ์ด ํ”„๋กœ
์ ํŠธ๋Š” 2010๋…„ 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2013๋…„ 6์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด 3๋…„๊ฐ„
EU FP7-ICT-Call5 ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ์•ฝ 590๋งŒ Euro ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ
์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
IoT@work ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” Semantic data model๋ฅผ ๊ด€
๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” Directory Service, OPC-UA ์ƒ์—์„œ Service
Oriented Architecture ์ƒ์˜ Auto-configuration of Real-
Time Ethernet, near-real-time event ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
Event Notification Service, IoT capability-based access
control, ๊ณ ์† ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ Complex Event
Process, ๊ณต์žฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ Network slices
์™€ Embedded Access Control ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ œ์กฐ์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—
์„œ ์ž๋™ํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
IoT@work ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ณ๋Š” Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™
์ด ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์™€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œ
ํฌ ์ž„๋ฒ ๋””๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€
๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์ธต ๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ์–ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ
์ž๋™ํ™” ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 5๊ฐœ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด
์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ , ๋ณด์•ˆ, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜
๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
IoTํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„
์„ ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์Ÿ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜
๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์ „๊ธฐํ†ต์‹ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ITU(International Tele-
communication Union)๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ IEEE P2413 IoT
architectural framework ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์šฉ์–ด ๋ฐ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋„คํŠธ
์›Œํฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Fig. 4 Reference architecture of IoT@work project5
ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32 ๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 6
์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ด๋™ํ†ต์‹ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ETSI
M2M(Technologies & Clusters Committees & Portals
Machine to Machine) ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ISO/IEC
30141์€ IoT Reference architecture ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์Šน
์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ IoT์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค
์—์„œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ 
๊ทน์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
2.4. ๊ณตํ†ต ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ •๋ณดํ™” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
2.4.1 ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ •๋ณดํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํŠธ๋žœ๋“œ
์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ •๋ณดํ™”๋Š” Fig. 5์— ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
1960๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” 5๊ณ„์ธต์œผ๋กœ IT์‹œ์Šคํ…œ MRP (Material
Resource Planning) ๋„์ž… ์‹œ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ž‘์—…์ง€์‹œ
์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ PM&C(Plant
Monitoring & Control) ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
์ดํ›„ 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐํ†ตํ•ฉ์ƒ์‚ฐ, CIM (Computer
Integrated Manufacturing) ๊ฐœ๋… ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ผ๋ณธ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ
์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์‹œ์ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ POP(Point of Production) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ
์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
์ดํ›„ 2000๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์ปดํ“จ
ํŒ… ๋ฐฉ์‹์†Œ๊ฐœ๋กœ ERP-MES-Control ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 3๊ณ„์ธต
์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์ปด
ํ“จํŒ…์ด ERP์™€ ์ œ์–ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ
์‚ฐ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ
๋งค๊น€ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜
2๊ณ„์ธต ์ฒด์ œ์ธ CPPS(Cyber Physical Production System)
๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค.
2.4.2 ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ •๋ณดํ™” ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€ ๋™ํ–ฅ
์ƒ์‚ฐ์ •๋ณดํ™” ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ 60๋…„๋Œ€ APICS(American
Production and Inventory Control Society)์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ
MRP๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฒณ์น˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ
๋กœ BOM(Bill Of Material), Production Plan์— ์ข…์†๋œ
์ˆ˜๋™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์—์„œ PC์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”
๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์  POP/MES ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ฒ˜
๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ
Production Operation Management, Inventory Operation
Management, Quality Operation Management,
Maintenance Operation Management ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
ํ‘œ์ค€ ์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ 2001๋…„ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ
ANSI ISA95 ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ Fig. 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
ISA-95๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜ ์‚ฐ์—…, ๋ฒณ์น˜, ๋””์Šคํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณต
์ •๊ณผ ์ƒ์œ„์˜ ERP/SCM๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ
ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ANSI/ISA-95.00.0212000 Enterprise-
Control Integration Part1: Models and Terminology,
ANSI/ISA-95.00.02-2001 Enterprise-Control System
Integration Part 2: Object Model Attributes, ANSI/ISA-
95.00-2005 Part 3: Enterprise-Control System Integration
models of Manufacturing Operations management, Part
4: Object models and attributes for Manufacturing
Operations Management, Part 5: Business to
manufacturing transactions๋“ฑ์— ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ISO/IEC
62264 Enterprise-Control System Integration ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๋˜
์—ˆ๋‹ค.
3. ์ค‘์†Œ ์ œ์กฐ์—… Smart Factory ์ ์šฉ ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ ์ ์šฉ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋งค
์ถœ 100~200์–ต ์›, ์ข…์—…์› 50~100์ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ
์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ IT์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฏธ์‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฌผ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋…์ผ Industry 2.5๊ณผ 3.5์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ
Fig. 5 Trend of Production IT convergence6
Fig. 6 Functional diagram of ISO/IEC 62264 (ANSI S-
95)7
ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32 ๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 7
์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ Fig. 7์— ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
IoT/๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ IT์œตํ•ฉํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ
๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณธ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ ์ ์šฉ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ธ‰
ํ˜• ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ๊ณ„์ธต, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ์–ด,
์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๊ณผ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ข… ํŠนํ™” ์‘์šฉ๋ถ„์•ผ
๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ˜• ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ๊ณ„์ธต์—์„œ ์ง€์›๋˜๋Š” ์œ 
๋ฌด์„  ์„ผ์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์› 4M1E๋ฅผ
ISO 22400 KPI for MOM์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์š”๊ตฌ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ์–ด๋Š” ISO/IEC 30128 Generic Sensor
Network Application Interface๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ 
์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์š”์ฒญ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง, ๊ตฌ๋™๊ธฐ
์ œ์–ด ๋“ฑ์˜ ์งˆ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ˜• ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๊ณผ
ํ˜„์žฅ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ
์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”Œ๋žซ
ํผ์— ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์› ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ชจ
๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง, ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณต์ • ์šด์˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํšจ์œจ, ์‹ค์ธก๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์—ฐ๋™
์ž๋™ ๊ณต์ • ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ข… ํŠนํ™”
์‘์šฉ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ค๋น„ ์˜ˆ์ง€๋ณด์ „ ๋ฐ ํ†ตํ•ฉ
๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.
4. ๊ฒฐ๋ก 
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ตœ
์ ํ™” ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ IT ์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ
์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์†๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ
ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
๋…์ผ Industry 4.0์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ Industry 4.0 ๊ตฌ์ถ•์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฅ์• 
๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— 1์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜
์˜€์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ
๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
์ตœ๊ทผ IT ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” IoT, ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ,
ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” IT์œตํ•ฉ
์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด Smart Factory ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜์‹ 
3.0 ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.
REFERENCES
1. Ministry of trade, industry & energy 3.0
โ€œManufacturing Innovation Strategy,โ€ p. 10, 2014.
2. Cha, S., โ€œU-Manufacturing model,โ€ pp. 15-28, TIS-
07-08, 2013.
Fig. 7 Reference model of Smart Factory for SMEs8
ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32 ๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 8
3. Cha, S., โ€œU-Manufacturing model,โ€ pp. 15-28, TIS-
07-08, 2013.
4. Cha, S., โ€œAuto-Configuration,โ€ J. Korean Soc. Precis.
Eng., Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 45-47, 2013.
5. Seitz, C. and Legat, C., โ€œEmbedding Semantic
Product Memories in the Web of Things,โ€ Iot@work,
pp. 708-713, 2013.
6. Cha, S., โ€œU-Manufacturing model,โ€ pp. 15-28, TIS-
07-08, 2013.
7. ISO/TC 184/SC 5, โ€œReport on Activities of ISO/TC
184/SC 5/OPM SG,โ€ 2013.
8. Smart Factory government R&D projects,
โ€œSmartfactory Supported Platforms Conceptual,โ€ p. 7,
2014.

The System Architecture and Standardization of Production IT Convergence for Smart Factory

  • 1.
    ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng., Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 001-002 ISSN 1225-9071(Print), ISSN 2287-8769(Online) January 2015 / 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/KSPE.2015.32.1.001 โ—† ํŠน์ง‘ โ—† IT ์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ/๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋Šฅํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ IT ์œตํ•ฉ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ The System Architecture and Standardzation of Production IT Convergence for Smart Factory ์ฐจ์„๊ทผ 1,* , ์œค์žฌ์˜ 1 , ํ™์ •๊ธฐ 1 , ๊ฐ•ํ˜„๊ตฌ 1 , ์กฐํ˜„์ฐฌ 1 Suk Keun Cha 1,* , Jae Young Yoon 1 , Jeong Ki Hong 1 , Hyun Gu Kang 1 , and Hyeon Chan Cho 1 1 ใˆœ์—์ด์‹œ์—์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ (R&D Center, ACS Corporation) * Corresponding author: skcha@acs.co.kr, Tel: +82-2-6900-4600 Manuscript received: 2014.10.20 / Revised: 2014.12.22 / Accepted: 2014.12.29 Smart factory requires 4 Zero factors including Zero Waiting-time, Zero Inventory, Zero Defect, Zero Down-time) that needs IT convergence for production resources of 4M1E(Man, Machine, Material, Method, Energy) in real time and event processing in all type of manufacturing enterprises. This paper will be explaining about core emerging production IT convergence technologies including cyber device security, 4M1E integration, real time event driven architecture, common platform of manufacturing standard applications, smart factory to-be model for small and medium manufacturing enterprises. Key Words: Smart factory (๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๊ณต์žฅ), Production IT Convergence (IT ์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ), Real-time event driven (์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฒค ํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜) 1. ์„œ๋ก  ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ICT(Information Communication Technology)์™€ ์ œ์กฐ ์—…์˜ ์œตํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž ๋™ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๊ณต์žฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ถœ๋ฒ” ์ดํ›„ NNMI(National Networked Manufacturing Innovation) ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผํ•ญ๊ณต, ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ 3D Printer ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋…์ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” SAP, Siemans ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ SW์™€ ์ •๋ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ์ธํ„ฐ ๋„ท์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œ์กฐ์—…๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์„œ Industry 4.0์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Industry 4.0์€ ๋…์ผ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ€ํฅ ์ •์ฑ…์ธ โ€˜High-Tech Strategy 2020 Action Planโ€™์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์ž๋™์ฐจ ยท๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์— ICT๋ฅผ ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณต์ •, ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜, ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊นŒ์ง€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ(Smart Factory) ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜์‹  3.0 ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ž…์•ˆ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ 2020๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 1๋งŒ๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋ณด๊ธ‰์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.1 ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” 4M1E (Man, Machine, Material, Method, Energy) ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์› ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ __________ Copyright โ’ธ The Korean Society for Precision Engineering This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
  • 2.
    ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 2 ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฌธ๋œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ฉ๊ธฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต์žฅ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์€ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž, ๊ณ ๊ฐ, ๊ณต์žฅ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ IT ์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” 4Zero (Zero Waiting-time, Zero Inventory, Zero Defect, Zero Down- time)์˜ ์—ฐ์†๊ฐœ์„ (CIP: Continuous Improvement Process) ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ƒ์šฉ ๊ธฐ์„ฑํ’ˆ(COTS: Commercial off-the-shelf) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ IT ๊ด€๋ จ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ์‹œ์Šค ํ…œ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ IT ์œตํ•ฉ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€ ํ™” ๋™ํ–ฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณ„ ํš์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ 30๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กด์žฌํ•˜ ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ƒ์œ„์˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฐ๊ด‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ œ์กฐ์—…, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ณด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ, ์ผ๋ฐฉ์  ๋ช… ๋ น์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„, ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์•™ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์žฅ๋ณ„ MES ์™€ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์กฐ์—… ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต์žฅ ๋‚ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ „์‚ฌ์  ์ž์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(ERP)๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋™๋˜์–ด ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์‚ฌ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜โ€ค์žฌ๋ฌดโ€ค์žฌ๊ณ โ€ค์œ ํ†ตโ€ค์ธ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์— ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ IT ์œตํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐ ๊ณต์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.. 2.1 ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 3D Printer๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ด์ƒ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ œ ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฐ ์•„๋ž๊ถŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต ๊ฒฉ์ด ์šฐ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ด ๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์™„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ Device ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด ์™„ ๋ฐ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2.1.1 ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ (Device cyber security) ๋จผ์ € ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ์€ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ธ SCADA/DCS ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ œ ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ M2M/IoT device์˜ ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์™„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. SCADA/DCS ๋ณด์•ˆ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ (NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology) Fig. 1 Block diagram of production IT convergence model for smart factory2
  • 3.
    ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 3 ์™€ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ž๋™ํ™” ํ˜‘ํšŒ(ISA: International Society for Automation) ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋””๋ฐ” ์ด์Šค์˜ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—… ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฆฌ์ธ IEC(International Electro-technical Commission) ์˜ 62443(๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ANSI ISA99)ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” IEC TC65: Industrial-process measurement control and automation ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. WSN(Wireless Sensor Network) ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” NIST ์—์„œ ์•”ํ˜ธ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ 128, 196, 256 bit AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋ณด๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ •์‹ ์Šน์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. IP v6๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” IoT(Internet of Things) ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž ํ˜‘ํšŒ์ธ IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์„ผ์„œ ์ •๋ณด ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋น„๋™๊ธฐ์  ์š”์ฒญ/์‘๋‹ต ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)์ด ์ € ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ ์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2.1.2 ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ณด์•ˆ (Cloud service security) ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ณด์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ถœ๋ฒ” ํ›„ NNMI(National Networked Manufacturing Innovation) ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ •๋ณด ์‹œ์Šค ํ…œ์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ ์ง€์‹œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์„œ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ์ค€๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” FedRAMP(Federal Risk and Authorization Program)์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ๋„ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ณด ์•ˆ์€ FedRAMP์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜ ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2.2 Object Process Methodology ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์› (4M1E) ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  2.2.1 4M1E ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์› ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ƒ์‚ฐํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์›(4M1E) ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™”์—๋Š” Fig. 2 ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ๋ฌด์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž๋™, ์ˆ˜๋™ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๋™์œผ ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ž๋™ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ IT์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” RS-232C ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์™€ Fieldbus, Ethernet ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ค ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, TCP/IP, OPC(OLE for Process Control)์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹  ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์šด์ „์ƒํƒœ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ˆ˜๋™ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ธฐ, RFID ํ˜น์€ ํ„ฐ์น˜์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ™œ๋™ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๋™ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋จผ์ € ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ PLC ๋“ฑ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆœ์ฐจ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋น„๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ๋ถ€ Fig. 2 The 3 type of typical method of production resource integration in real time3
  • 4.
    ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 4 ํ„ฐ PLC์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ Process I/O๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ธฐ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์ง‘์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ค๋น„์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜ ์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ™œ๋™ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ™œ๋™ ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ํˆฌ์žํšŒ์ˆ˜์œจ์ธ ROI(Return On Investment) ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์ธ ๊ฒฝ ์šฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์–ด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜ ์ด์Šค ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ํ˜น์€ Process I/O๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์›์˜ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 4 Zero ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์ธ์ธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ํ’ˆ์งˆ, ๋‚ฉ๊ธฐ, ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ (KPI for MOM)์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— KPI for MOM(Key Performance Indication for Manufacturing Operation Management)์€ ISO 22400ํ‘œ ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์กฐ์—…์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›๋‹จ์œ„ ์ธก์ •์€ ISO 20140(Automation systems and integration -- Evaluating energy efficiency and other factors of manufacturing systems that influence the environment) ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด์„ ํ†ต์‹ ์€ ISO JTC 1 WG 7 Sensor Networks ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ผ์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ํ†ต์‹  ์šด์˜์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์›จ์ด ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ ์–ด ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ณผ IoT Reference Architecture ๋“ฑ ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2.2.2 ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์›์˜ ๊ฐ์ฒดํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ œ์กฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์šด ์˜์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์šด์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ค‘์‹œ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋กœ์ธํ•ด IT๋ถ„์•ผ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ ํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ IT์˜ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์š” ํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธํ•˜ ์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ํ•ด์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ทผ IoT (Internet of Things) ํ˜น์€ IoS(Internet of Service)์˜ ํ˜„ ์‹คํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ TCP/IP ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ†ต์‹  ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ด ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉ ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฐํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ž์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต์‹  ํ”„๋กœํ†  ์ฝœ์ด ํ†ต์ผ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ IT๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์–ธ์–ด(UML: Unified Modeling Language)๋Š” ์•„์ง ํ†ต์ผ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ํ™œ์„ฑ ํ™”์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ IEC 62264 Enterprise-Control System Fig. 3 Concept of how it works for autonomous 4M1E production resources configuration4
  • 5.
    ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 5 Integration, ISO 19440 Enterprise Integration-Constructs for enterprise modeling, ISO/IEC 19782 Automatic ID and Data Capture Techniques ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” OPM(Object Process Methodology)์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ISO TC184/SC5 OPM SG(Study Group)์„ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ IoT, IoS ํ™œ์šฉ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ž์›์ด ๊ฐ์ฒดํ™”๋˜์–ด Smart Factory ๊ตฌํ˜„์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2.2.3 ์ž์œจ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  4M1E ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ˜„์žฅ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ, ์ด ๋™, ์ถ”๊ฐ€, ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ํ•„์š” ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ž์œจ ์žฌ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์› 4M1E๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ด๋™์„ ์œ„ ํ•œ ๊ณต์ •ํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฐ˜์ œํ’ˆ(WIP: Work In Process)์ด ์ด๋™ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž์œจ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ Fig. 3์— ์ œ์‹œํ•œ IEC 62264(ANSI S-95) Enterprise-Control Integration์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 4M1E ์ž์› ๊ณ„์ธต๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ 4M1E ์ž์›์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜ ์—ฌ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ , 4M1E ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ •ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ 4M1E ์ •๋ณด ๋ฅผ ๋™์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.3 ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  2.3.1 ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ณด ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” IoT๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์„ผ์„œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ณ  ์† ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋น… ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” IT๊ด€์ ์— ์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ณ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์ธ ์„ ์ €์žฅ ํ›„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ›„์ €์žฅ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” Response๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ Reaction ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฒค ํŠธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋Š” Asynchronous Style Processing์œผ๋กœ In- Memory-Computing ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์—”์ง„์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋‹น 50๋งŒ ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ท  3 microseconds ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์†๋„๋Š”, Real-time Analytics, Predictive Analytics, Real Time ETL(Extract, Transform, Load), Algorithmic Stock-Trading, Operational Intelligence ๋“ฑ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์šฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 2.3.2 IoT@work ํ˜„์žฌ IoT ์ ์šฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์‹ ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์  ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ IoT@work ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ, ์ด ํ”„๋กœ ์ ํŠธ๋Š” 2010๋…„ 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2013๋…„ 6์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด 3๋…„๊ฐ„ EU FP7-ICT-Call5 ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ์•ฝ 590๋งŒ Euro ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. IoT@work ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” Semantic data model๋ฅผ ๊ด€ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” Directory Service, OPC-UA ์ƒ์—์„œ Service Oriented Architecture ์ƒ์˜ Auto-configuration of Real- Time Ethernet, near-real-time event ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ Event Notification Service, IoT capability-based access control, ๊ณ ์† ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ Complex Event Process, ๊ณต์žฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ Network slices ์™€ Embedded Access Control ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ œ์กฐ์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์„œ ์ž๋™ํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. IoT@work ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ณ๋Š” Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™ ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์™€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œ ํฌ ์ž„๋ฒ ๋””๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€ ๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์ธต ๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ์–ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ ์ž๋™ํ™” ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 5๊ฐœ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ , ๋ณด์•ˆ, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ ๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. IoTํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์„ ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์Ÿ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์ „๊ธฐํ†ต์‹ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ITU(International Tele- communication Union)๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ IEEE P2413 IoT architectural framework ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์šฉ์–ด ๋ฐ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋„คํŠธ ์›Œํฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 4 Reference architecture of IoT@work project5
  • 6.
    ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 6 ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ด๋™ํ†ต์‹ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ETSI M2M(Technologies & Clusters Committees & Portals Machine to Machine) ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ISO/IEC 30141์€ IoT Reference architecture ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์Šน ์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ IoT์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค ์—์„œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์  ๊ทน์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. 2.4. ๊ณตํ†ต ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ •๋ณดํ™” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ  2.4.1 ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ •๋ณดํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํŠธ๋žœ๋“œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ •๋ณดํ™”๋Š” Fig. 5์— ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ 1960๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” 5๊ณ„์ธต์œผ๋กœ IT์‹œ์Šคํ…œ MRP (Material Resource Planning) ๋„์ž… ์‹œ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ž‘์—…์ง€์‹œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ PM&C(Plant Monitoring & Control) ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดํ›„ 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐํ†ตํ•ฉ์ƒ์‚ฐ, CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) ๊ฐœ๋… ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ผ๋ณธ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์‹œ์ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ POP(Point of Production) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ 2000๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์ปดํ“จ ํŒ… ๋ฐฉ์‹์†Œ๊ฐœ๋กœ ERP-MES-Control ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 3๊ณ„์ธต ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์ปด ํ“จํŒ…์ด ERP์™€ ์ œ์–ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ ์‚ฐ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ ๋งค๊น€ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ 2๊ณ„์ธต ์ฒด์ œ์ธ CPPS(Cyber Physical Production System) ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2.4.2 ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ •๋ณดํ™” ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€ ๋™ํ–ฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ •๋ณดํ™” ํ‘œ์ค€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ 60๋…„๋Œ€ APICS(American Production and Inventory Control Society)์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ MRP๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฒณ์น˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋กœ BOM(Bill Of Material), Production Plan์— ์ข…์†๋œ ์ˆ˜๋™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์—์„œ PC์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์  POP/MES ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ฒ˜ ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ Production Operation Management, Inventory Operation Management, Quality Operation Management, Maintenance Operation Management ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ 2001๋…„ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ANSI ISA95 ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ Fig. 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ISA-95๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜ ์‚ฐ์—…, ๋ฒณ์น˜, ๋””์Šคํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณต ์ •๊ณผ ์ƒ์œ„์˜ ERP/SCM๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ANSI/ISA-95.00.0212000 Enterprise- Control Integration Part1: Models and Terminology, ANSI/ISA-95.00.02-2001 Enterprise-Control System Integration Part 2: Object Model Attributes, ANSI/ISA- 95.00-2005 Part 3: Enterprise-Control System Integration models of Manufacturing Operations management, Part 4: Object models and attributes for Manufacturing Operations Management, Part 5: Business to manufacturing transactions๋“ฑ์— ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ISO/IEC 62264 Enterprise-Control System Integration ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๋˜ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ์ค‘์†Œ ์ œ์กฐ์—… Smart Factory ์ ์šฉ ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ ์ ์šฉ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋งค ์ถœ 100~200์–ต ์›, ์ข…์—…์› 50~100์ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ IT์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฏธ์‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฌผ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋…์ผ Industry 2.5๊ณผ 3.5์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ Fig. 5 Trend of Production IT convergence6 Fig. 6 Functional diagram of ISO/IEC 62264 (ANSI S- 95)7
  • 7.
    ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 7 ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ Fig. 7์— ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด IoT/๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ IT์œตํ•ฉํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ ์ ์šฉ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ํ˜• ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ๊ณ„์ธต, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ์–ด, ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๊ณผ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ข… ํŠนํ™” ์‘์šฉ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ˜• ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ๊ณ„์ธต์—์„œ ์ง€์›๋˜๋Š” ์œ  ๋ฌด์„  ์„ผ์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์› 4M1E๋ฅผ ISO 22400 KPI for MOM์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์š”๊ตฌ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ์–ด๋Š” ISO/IEC 30128 Generic Sensor Network Application Interface๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์š”์ฒญ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง, ๊ตฌ๋™๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด ๋“ฑ์˜ ์งˆ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ˜• ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฏธ๋“ค์›จ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”Œ๋žซ ํผ์— ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์› ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ชจ ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง, ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณต์ • ์šด์˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํšจ์œจ, ์‹ค์ธก๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์—ฐ๋™ ์ž๋™ ๊ณต์ • ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ข… ํŠนํ™” ์‘์šฉ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ค๋น„ ์˜ˆ์ง€๋ณด์ „ ๋ฐ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. 4. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ตœ ์ ํ™” ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ IT ์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์†๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…์ผ Industry 4.0์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ Industry 4.0 ๊ตฌ์ถ•์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฅ์•  ๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— 1์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜ ์˜€์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ IT ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” IoT, ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” IT์œตํ•ฉ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด Smart Factory ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜์‹  3.0 ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. REFERENCES 1. Ministry of trade, industry & energy 3.0 โ€œManufacturing Innovation Strategy,โ€ p. 10, 2014. 2. Cha, S., โ€œU-Manufacturing model,โ€ pp. 15-28, TIS- 07-08, 2013. Fig. 7 Reference model of Smart Factory for SMEs8
  • 8.
    ํ•œ๊ตญ์ •๋ฐ€๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ 32๊ถŒ 1 ํ˜ธ pp. 001-002 January 2015 / 8 3. Cha, S., โ€œU-Manufacturing model,โ€ pp. 15-28, TIS- 07-08, 2013. 4. Cha, S., โ€œAuto-Configuration,โ€ J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng., Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 45-47, 2013. 5. Seitz, C. and Legat, C., โ€œEmbedding Semantic Product Memories in the Web of Things,โ€ Iot@work, pp. 708-713, 2013. 6. Cha, S., โ€œU-Manufacturing model,โ€ pp. 15-28, TIS- 07-08, 2013. 7. ISO/TC 184/SC 5, โ€œReport on Activities of ISO/TC 184/SC 5/OPM SG,โ€ 2013. 8. Smart Factory government R&D projects, โ€œSmartfactory Supported Platforms Conceptual,โ€ p. 7, 2014.