This document provides an overview of edge computing. It discusses how edge computing addresses limitations of cloud computing by processing data closer to where it is generated, at the network edge, to reduce latency. This is achieved through technologies like cloudlets, which are small data centers located at the edge that cache and process data locally before transmitting to the cloud. The document outlines benefits of edge computing like improved performance, scalability, and privacy. It also introduces EdgeX and AWS Lambda@Edge as examples of edge computing platforms and frameworks.

1. Introduction to
Edge Computing
Ken-Hao Chang
Taiwan Evolutionary Intelligence Laboratory
2017/11/12 Group Meeting Presentation

2. Outline
• Trend of Computing
• Cloud Computing
• Edge Computing
• Application
• EdgeX project
• AWS lambda@edge

3. Trend of Computing
5th Utility

4. Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing is a distributed technology which delivers hosted
services over the internet to provide easy access, scalable (and
elastic) IT services

5. Five characteristics
1. On-demand Self-service
A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time
and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human
interaction with each service’s provider.

6. Five characteristics
2. Broad Network Access
Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous client
platforms

7. Five characteristics
3. Resource Pooling
The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple
consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and
virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to
consumer demand.

8. Five characteristics
4. Rapid Elasticity
Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases
automatically, to quickly scale out, and rapidly released to quickly scale
in.

9. Five characteristics
5. Measured Service
Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by
leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction
appropriate to the type of service .

10. Benefits From Cloud
• For the end user and individuals
• Improved performance
• Instant update & free software
• Device independence & Mobility
• For the market and enterprises
• Reduce capital expenditure
• Improve Business Agility & Specialization
• Fast Deployment & Continuous Service Delivery

11. Cloud Computing structure
Data quantity is too large
Transportation is becoming the bottleneck
Privacy protection
an obstacle for cloud computing in IoT

12. Emergence of Edge Computing
• Mobile computing
• Internet of Things( IoT )
• Smart Home : smart light, smart TV, and robot vacuum
• Just connecting to cloud is not enough
• Augmented Reality (AR)

13. What is Edge Computing
• Edge
• Any computing and network resources along the path between data sources
and cloud data centers
Data Source
Edge

14. Three-level Architecture
• First level:
• unmodified cloud infrastructure
• Second level:
• dispersed elements called cloudlets
with state cached from the first level
• Third level:
• Mobile-device or IoT device

15. Technology
• Content Delivery Network (CDN)
• Fog nodes
• Cloudlets
• Micro datacenters

16. CDN
• Geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data
centers
• Benefits
• Reducing bandwidth costs
• Improving page load times
• Increasing global availability of content
• Location-relevant advertising
• Techniques
• web caching
• server-load balancing
• request routing

17. Cloudlets ( Edge )
• A mobility-enhanced small-scale cloud datacenter that is located at
the edge of the Internet
Cloud
Cloudlet Cloudlet

18. Cloudlets
• Based on standard cloud technology (virtual machines ) : Openstack
• Soft state only ( Storage )
• contain cached states from the cloud
• buffer data originating from a mobile device and going to the cloud
• entirely self-managing
• Close at hand
• “Logical proximity" of the mobile devices
• Resources and connectivity (Networking and Processing)
• sufficient CPU, RAM, etc. to offload resource-intensive computations from several
mobile devices
• good connectivity ( bandwidth) to the cloud
• not limited by electric power supply

19. Processing
Cloudlet
Raw Data
Result

20. Processing
Cloudlet
Raw Data
Result
Extracted Data
Cloud
Result

21. Benefits of Cloudlets
• Highly responsive cloud services.
• low end-to-end
• Low latency, high bandwidth
• Scalability via edge analytics.
• Raw data is analyzed on cloudlets. Only the extracted information transmitted to the
cloud.
• Privacy-policy enforcement.
• A cloudlet can enforce the privacy policies of its owner prior to release of the data to
the cloud
• Masking cloud outages.
• If a cloud service becomes unavailable , a fallback service on a nearby cloudlet can
temporarily mask the failure

22. Compare to Cloud Computing
Parameters Cloud Computing Fog Computing
Server nodes location Within the Internet At the edge of the local network
Client and server distance Multiple hops Single/multiple hop
Latency High Low
Delay Jitter High Low
Security Non-locally controllable Locally controllable
Location awareness No Yes
Vulnerability Higher probability Lower probability
Geographical distribution Centralized Dense and Distributed
Number of server nodes Few Very large
Real time interactions Not fully supported Supported
Usual last mile connectivity Leased line /wireless Mainly wireless
Mobility Limited support Supported

23. Challenges
• Collective control and sharing of cloudlets in distributed computing
• Managing dispersed cloudlet infrastructure
• Higher management cost than centralized infrastructure

24. Edge X
• Vendor-neutral open source software platform at the edge of the network
• Interacts with the physical, every day working world of devices, sensors,
actuators, and other IoT objects.
• The EdgeX platform enables and encourages the rapidly growing
community of IoT solution providers to work together in an ecosystem of
interoperable components to reduce uncertainty, accelerate time to
market.
• Easier to
• monitor / send instructions / collect data from physical world items
• move the data across the fog up to the cloud where it may be stored, aggregated,
analyzed, and turned into information, actuated, and acted upon

26. AWS Lambda@Edge
Run Lambda functions at AWS Regions and Amazon CloudFront edge locations

27. Reference
• Wearable Cognitive Assistance using Cloudlets
(http://elijah.cs.cmu.edu/)
• The Emergence of Edge Computing, Computer 50.1 (2017): 30-39.
• Edge Computing: Vision and Challenges, IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS
JOURNAL, VOL. 3, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2016
• K.P.Saharan A.Kumar “ Fog in Comparison to Cloud: A Survey”, Int’l.
Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 122 – No.3,
July 2015