The document discusses factory and mine accidents in the 1800s. It notes that many accidents occurred due to lack of machine guards and loose clothing or hair getting caught in machinery, which could result in "dreadful mutilations." It also describes the difficult working conditions of women and children who worked in coal mines, carrying heavy loads while going deep underground for long hours with little rest, often weeping from exhaustion.

1. Student__________________________________class____date________
Ryan’s WHistory Ch 13.3
Terms:
>capitalism (363)
>commercial capitalism (363)
>industrial capitalism (364)
>interchangeable parts (364)
>mass production (364)
>corporations (365)
>monopoly (365)
>cartels (365)
>business cycle (366)
>depression (366)
Complete the following chart:
Person Accomplishment
Eli Whitney
Henry Ford
J.P. Morgan
Solve the riddle! Write the correct name or term in the space provided.
“With me, the power in business belongs to people who buy and sell.”
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“With me, the power in business belongs to people who control manufacturing and production.”
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“Because of us, machines can be quickly and easily fixed with new parts.”
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“I improved mass production by creating the assembly line.”
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“We are often used to raise money to create and support large companies.”
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“I founded the powerful United States Steel Company.”
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“I am the only one who produces a specific product.”
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“We all came together to own each step of a larger industry.”
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2. “I am the ups and downs of the economy caused by business.”
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”I mean that demand, employment, and production have all fallen.”
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“Dreadful Mutilations”
”The following selection is from an investigation of factories conducted by Parliament in 1842. The
accidents that occur to the manufacturing population of Birmingham are very severe and numerous.
This is shown by the registers of the General Hospital. Many accidents are caused by the lack of proper
attention to the fencing of machinery [putting guards around moving parts].
This appears to be seldom thought of in the manufactories. Many accidents occur when loose portions
of dress are caught by the machinery. The unfortunate sufferers are dragged into the machine. The
shawls of the females, or their long hair, often cause dreadful mutilations [injuries]. So do the aprons
and loose sleeves of the boys and men.”
Adapted from “Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population)
“The Mother Sets Out First”
The mother goes down into the pit [coal mine] with her daughters. Each has a basket, and the large
coals are rolled into it. Such is the weight carried that it often takes two men to lift the burden upon
their backs. The girls are loaded according to their strength. The mothers set out first, carrying a lighted
candle in her teeth and the girls follow. In this manner they go slowly up the stairs, stopping
occasionally to draw breath. They arrive at the hill, or pit-top, where the coals are laid down for sale.
In this manner they go for eight or ten hours almost without resting. It is not uncommon to see them,
when coming up from the pit, weeping most bitterly from the excessively hard work. But the instant
they have laid down their burden on the hill, they are cheerful again and return down the pit singing.
Adapted from Inquiry into the Conditions of Women who carry Coals under Ground in Scotland, Edinburgh, 1812.
Describe the reasons for the high number of accidents that occur in factories and mines. Predict
some possible accidents that you think might have occurred.