1. This document discusses various methods for estimating age from human remains, including: 2. Footprint analysis, dermatoglyphic comparisons, and measurements of body parts like maximum foot length can be used to estimate stature. 3. Several methods are described for different age groups, including assessment of physical development, teeth, and ossification of bones for fetal development, infants, children under 25, and adults over 25. Specific methods like Gustafson's method of dental aging are also outlined.

1. IDENTIFICATION
Dr. AJEE KURUVILLA

2. Foot prints
Study of impressions of foot
Comparison of Dermatoglyphics
Measurements of parts
Stature = max foot length/ 0.15
Walking foot print
Recorded by photographs / casts

3. AGE
• Physical development
• Teeth
• Ossification centres- appearance &
fusion
• Age related changes

4. • Age in intra uterine life
• From birth to 25 years
• More than 25 years

5. Age in intra uterine life
• Developing morphology
• Ossification centres appear
• Germination of teeth
• Haase’s rule
• If Crown heel length is <25 cm, age in
months = square root of length
• If Crown heel length is >25 cm, age in
months = length / 5

6. From birth to 25 years
• Physical features
• Teeth
• Ossification of bones

7. More than 25 years
• Physical features
• Teeth- Gustafson s method
• Changes in skeleton- closure of skull
sutures

8. Gustafson s method
• Attrition
• Paradentosis
• Secondary dentine
• Root resorption
• Transparency of root
• Cementum apposition

9. Gustafson s method
• Age = 11.43 + 4.56 (Total score) +/- 3.63
Total score = A+P+S+R+T+C
0 = no change
1 = slight change
2 = obvious change
3 = maximum change

10. 1. Which of the following is NOT a criterion
used in Gustafson's method of assessing
age from teeth
a) Attrition
b) Paradentosis
c) Secondary dentine
d) Primary dentine

11. 2. According to Section 89 IPC, a child
cannot give valid consent to suffer any
harm which can occur from an act done in
good faith, if he/she is below
a) 10 years
b) 14 years
c) 12 years
d) 16 years

12. 3. According to Haase’s rule, the intra-uterine
age of a foetus (up to a crown-heel length of
25cm) can be determined by
a) Calculating the square root of the crown-
heel length.
b) Dividing the crown-heel length by 5.
c) Multiplying the crown-heel length by 5.
d) Doubling the crown-heel length.

13. 4. Beyond a crown-heel length of 25cms, the
age of foetus can be determined by
a) Age = length/ 2
b) Age = (length)2
c) Age = length/ 5
d) Age = length x 5

14. 5. The minimum age for criminal
responsibility according to the Indian
Railways Act is
a) More than 5 years
b) More than 7 years
c) More than 12 years
d) More than 14 years

15. 6. A girl is sent to reformatory school on
being convicted of a criminal offence, if
her age is less than
a) 15 years
b) 16 years
c) 17 years
d) 18 years

16. 7. All the following are important
medicolegal points with reference to the
age of 18 years EXCEPT
a) Minimum age to enter government
services
b) Attainment of majority (both sexes)
c) Minimum age of marriage (females)
d) Minimum age for consenting to sexual
act

17. 8. The study of incremental lines in the
enamel of tooth to assess the age of a
person is known as
a) Haase’s rule
b) Morissons’s Method
c) Boyde’s Method
d) McNaughten Rule

18. 9. When a boy of 5 years kills an infant he
can be awarded
a) Death Sentence
b) Life Imprisonment
c) Solitary confinement
d) None of them.

19. 10. To become a competent witness, a person
should attain the age of :
a) 12 years
b) 10 years
c) 8 years
d) 6 years
e) None of them