12-Subjunctive influence
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ck65The document discusses the use of the subjunctive mood in Spanish to express influence or a speaker's desire for something to occur. It provides examples of using "querer" and "preferir" followed by a subjunctive clause to show what one wants or prefers another to do. Additionally, it lists other verbs like "insistir," "mandar," "permitir," and "prohibir" that can trigger the subjunctive when expressing influence or desire. Impersonal expressions like "es necesario," "es urgente," and "es importante" followed by a subjunctive clause are also provided.
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Sentence anatomy
This document discusses the key parts of a sentence including the verb, subject, predicate, object, transitive and intransitive verbs, adverbials, and complement. It provides examples and definitions for each part. The verb is the fundamental part of the sentence and shows the state of being or action. The subject is the person or thing the sentence is about. The predicate includes the verb and words after it describing the subject. Objects are affected by the verb and can be direct or indirect. Adverbials provide details about how an action was performed. Complements give more information about the subject or object.
THE PASSIVE VOICE
The passive voice is used when the action is more important than the subject performing the action. It is used when the agent is unknown, unimportant, obvious, or to avoid mentioning them. The passive structure consists of the subject, a form of "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb. Only transitive verbs can be changed to the passive voice. Examples are provided of changing active sentences to the passive voice.
The passive voice
The passive voice is used when the thing acted upon is more important than the actor, or when the actor is unknown. To form the passive, use the appropriate form of the verb "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb. The active voice has the subject performing the action, while the passive voice has the subject receiving the action, with the actor introduced using "by". Common uses of the passive include reporting news, scientific writing, and formal styles that de-emphasize human actors.
Passive
1. The passive voice is often used in newspaper reports, headlines, and academic writing. It is used when the subject receives the action rather than performs it.
2. To change a sentence from active to passive, the subject receives the action and it is formed using "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb.
3. The passive voice is used when the doer or agent is unknown, unimportant, impolite to specify, or to focus on the recipient of the action. It is commonly used in instructions, methods, and rules.
Commands
This document provides instructions for forming affirmative commands (imperatives) in Spanish using tú commands. It explains that regular verbs form commands by taking the verb's present tense ending and replacing it with the "tú" form ending. Irregular verbs that end in "-go" in the present tense form commands by dropping the "-go" ending. A small group of "just plain weird" verbs have commands that must be memorized individually. Examples are given for regular "-ar", "-er", and "-ir" verbs as well as common "-go" and irregular verbs.
Commands
This document provides instructions for forming affirmative commands (imperatives) in Spanish using tú commands. It explains how to form regular verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir by taking the third-person singular form and dropping the ending. It also covers irregular verbs, distinguishing between -go verbs, where the command is formed by dropping "go" from the yo form, and "just-plain-weird" verbs like ir, ser, and hacer that have unique imperative forms. Examples are given for both regular and irregular verb conjugations.
Must
The document discusses the uses of the modal verb "must". It can express personal obligation from the speaker's perspective but is not a real obligation. "Must" can also refer to actual obligations from rules or laws. It is generally used for present or future tense, while "have to" refers to past tense obligations. "Must not" and "mustn't" express prohibition - something that is not allowed or permitted, whether as an opinion or actual rule. "Must" is followed by a main verb in the base form without "to".
What are verbs
Verbs are the most important words in a sentence, as a single verb can form a complete one-word sentence. Verbs describe either the action that a subject performs, such as "run" or "fight", or the state of being of a subject, such as "be" or "seem". Verbs always have a subject that they are describing the action or state of. Additionally, verbs are unique in English in that they change form depending on tense, aspect, and subject number, with some verbs having up to five different forms like "to work, work, works, worked, working".
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This document discusses the key parts of a sentence including the verb, subject, predicate, object, transitive and intransitive verbs, adverbials, and complement. It provides examples and definitions for each part. The verb is the fundamental part of the sentence and shows the state of being or action. The subject is the person or thing the sentence is about. The predicate includes the verb and words after it describing the subject. Objects are affected by the verb and can be direct or indirect. Adverbials provide details about how an action was performed. Complements give more information about the subject or object.
THE PASSIVE VOICE
The passive voice is used when the action is more important than the subject performing the action. It is used when the agent is unknown, unimportant, obvious, or to avoid mentioning them. The passive structure consists of the subject, a form of "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb. Only transitive verbs can be changed to the passive voice. Examples are provided of changing active sentences to the passive voice.
The passive voice
The passive voice is used when the thing acted upon is more important than the actor, or when the actor is unknown. To form the passive, use the appropriate form of the verb "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb. The active voice has the subject performing the action, while the passive voice has the subject receiving the action, with the actor introduced using "by". Common uses of the passive include reporting news, scientific writing, and formal styles that de-emphasize human actors.
Passive
1. The passive voice is often used in newspaper reports, headlines, and academic writing. It is used when the subject receives the action rather than performs it.
2. To change a sentence from active to passive, the subject receives the action and it is formed using "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb.
3. The passive voice is used when the doer or agent is unknown, unimportant, impolite to specify, or to focus on the recipient of the action. It is commonly used in instructions, methods, and rules.
Commands
This document provides instructions for forming affirmative commands (imperatives) in Spanish using tú commands. It explains that regular verbs form commands by taking the verb's present tense ending and replacing it with the "tú" form ending. Irregular verbs that end in "-go" in the present tense form commands by dropping the "-go" ending. A small group of "just plain weird" verbs have commands that must be memorized individually. Examples are given for regular "-ar", "-er", and "-ir" verbs as well as common "-go" and irregular verbs.
Commands
This document provides instructions for forming affirmative commands (imperatives) in Spanish using tú commands. It explains how to form regular verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir by taking the third-person singular form and dropping the ending. It also covers irregular verbs, distinguishing between -go verbs, where the command is formed by dropping "go" from the yo form, and "just-plain-weird" verbs like ir, ser, and hacer that have unique imperative forms. Examples are given for both regular and irregular verb conjugations.
Must
The document discusses the uses of the modal verb "must". It can express personal obligation from the speaker's perspective but is not a real obligation. "Must" can also refer to actual obligations from rules or laws. It is generally used for present or future tense, while "have to" refers to past tense obligations. "Must not" and "mustn't" express prohibition - something that is not allowed or permitted, whether as an opinion or actual rule. "Must" is followed by a main verb in the base form without "to".
What are verbs
Verbs are the most important words in a sentence, as a single verb can form a complete one-word sentence. Verbs describe either the action that a subject performs, such as "run" or "fight", or the state of being of a subject, such as "be" or "seem". Verbs always have a subject that they are describing the action or state of. Additionally, verbs are unique in English in that they change form depending on tense, aspect, and subject number, with some verbs having up to five different forms like "to work, work, works, worked, working".
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The document provides information about forming commands in Spanish (los mandatos) directed at tú or an informal second person. It discusses:
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The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words used, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks and makes certain modifications like changing pronouns and verb tenses. There are three types of indirect speech - imperative, declarative, and interrogative. The document provides examples and rules for changing each type from direct to indirect speech, such as changing pronouns, expressions of time and place, and verb tenses.
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2) It uses the structure of "subject + was/were + verb+ing" to describe ongoing or parallel actions happening at a specific time in the past.
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Reported Speech
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The boy goes to his bedroom and lights his thumb on fire with his powers, speaking in Italian. When the girl enters without knocking and sees his thumb on fire, he hides it but admits to having powers. He has her close the door and demonstrates by lighting his thumb on fire again, showing off two powers with his hands and amazing the girl.
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Here is the rewritten paragraph in the active voice:
Last summer I painted our house. First, I washed the exterior using warm water and a mild detergent. Then I sealed all of the chinks in the walls with putty. After the putty had dried, I could paint the exterior. I used a latex paint because it is easy to apply and cleans up with water. It took me a whole week to finish this part of the job. I chose a color that was very close to the original color. When the job was finished, I felt a great deal of satisfaction. Even my dad said I did a good job.
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This document discusses subject-verb agreement and active and passive voice.
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The document discusses the passive voice in English. It defines passive voice as sentences where the subject does not perform the action but receives it. Passive voice uses a transitive verb and has the structure of S + to be + past participle + by agent. Some sentences that cannot be changed to passive voice are nominal sentences that use forms of "to be" as the main verb, sentences with intransitive verbs that do not take objects, and sentences with certain transitive verbs like "lack", "fit", "suit", and "have" that cannot be made passive.
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This document provides keyboard shortcuts for common computer functions: Ctrl + "z" undoes previous actions; Ctrl + shift + < or > navigates between tabs or windows; Alt + Tab switches between open programs; Shift + F3 searches for text on a page; Ctrl + E focuses the search bar; Ctrl + F finds text on a page; Shift + arrow keys selects text.
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Los muchachos se miran puede significar que los muchachos se miran el uno al otro o que se miran a sí mismos. El uso de "se" en español puede ser reflexivo o recíproco. En los ejemplos, "se besan", "se aman" y "se comunican" indican que las acciones son recíprocas entre los sujetos mencionados. Para enfatizar la acción recíproca, se puede usar la frase "el uno al otro".
9-Que versus cual
El documento explica la diferencia entre las palabras "qué" y "cuál" en español. Indica que "qué" se usa para pedir una definición, hechos o explicación y puede ir directamente seguido de un sustantivo, mientras que "cuál" se usa en otros casos para significar "qué" u "cuál" y típicamente no va seguido de un sustantivo sino de un verbo. Proporciona ejemplos para ilustrar el uso correcto de cada palabra.
9-Imperfect tense
Este documento describe la formación y usos del tiempo imperfecto en español. Explica cómo se forma el imperfecto con verbos regulares terminados en -ar, -er, e -ir, e incluye ejemplos de verbos comunes. También lista usos comunes del imperfecto como describir estados físicos o emocionales, acciones habituales en el pasado, y acciones simultáneas.
9-Superlatives
El documento describe las formas de usar los superlativos en español para describir lo más o menos de algo, o lo mejor o peor. Explica que para lo más o menos se usa "el/la/los/las + sustantivo + más/menos + adjetivo + de", y para lo mejor o peor se usa "el/la/los/las + mejor/peor + sustantivo + de". Proporciona ejemplos de cada una.
8-Stem changing in the preterite
Este documento resume los cambios de raíz en el pretérito de los verbos -ar, -er e -ir. Explica que solo los verbos -ir experimentan cambios de raíz, cambiando e por i o cambiando o por u en las formas de tercera persona singular y plural. Proporciona ejemplos de verbos -ar, -er e -ir que ilustran estos cambios y resume las reglas para los cambios de raíz.
8-Irregulars in the preterite
The document summarizes irregular verbs in the preterite tense in Spanish. It lists the strong preterite forms of estar, poder, poner, querer, saber, tener and venir, noting their new prefixes and endings. It also covers -cir verbs like decir and the verb traer. Finally, it discusses the uses of haber in the present and preterite tenses.
8-Connection -nc-pig
This document provides information about clitics in Spanish grammar including their placement with different types of verbs. It lists direct and indirect object pronouns and notes that clitics can be placed before or after conjugated verbs, infinitive verbs, gerunds, and in positive and negative commands. Examples are given to illustrate the different placements of clitics.
8-Direct and indirect objects
El documento describe el uso de pronombres directos e indirectos juntos (doble objeto pronominal) en español. Explica que cuando se usan pronombres directos e indirectos juntos, el pronombre indirecto siempre precede al directo. También cubre temas como el orden de los pronombres cuando hay dos objetos consecutivos con la letra "l" y cómo se colocan los pronombres directos e indirectos en oraciones afirmativas y de mandato.
7-Indirect object pronouns
Este documento explica los pronombres indirectos en español, incluyendo me, te, le, les, nos. Indica que estos pronombres reemplazan un objeto indirecto nominal y provee ejemplos. También clarifica el uso de "le" y "les" y explica su uso con verbos en -ing, infinitivos y mandatos afirmativos.
7-Preterite tense
Este documento resume los verbos regulares e irregulares en el pretérito en español. Explica las conjugaciones de los verbos -ar, -er, -ir, -car, -gar, -zar y -eer en el pretérito, así como algunos verbos irregulares como dar, hacer, ir y ser.
7-Gustar
El documento explica el uso del verbo gustar en español. Gustar es un verbo indirecto transitivo que se conjuga como gusta cuando el sustantivo es singular, y como gustan cuando el sustantivo es plural. También se puede usar gustar para expresar lo que a alguien le gustaría hacer usando la forma gustaría.
6-Saber versus conocer
Este documento explica la diferencia entre los verbos "saber" y "conocer" en español. "Saber" se usa para referirse a hechos o información, o para indicar habilidad para hacer algo. "Conocer" se usa para referirse a estar familiarizado o tener conocimiento personal de alguien o algo. El documento proporciona ejemplos para ilustrar el uso correcto de cada verbo.
6-Formal commands
This document provides information on forming informal commands, also known as "usted" commands, in Spanish. It outlines the basic formation, which involves conjugating the verb in the "yo" form and changing the ending. Negative commands are also discussed. Irregular verbs are noted, including those ending in "o" in the yo form and those not ending in "o". Examples are provided throughout to illustrate the command formations.
6-Direct object pronouns
Este documento explica los pronombres de objeto directo en español, incluyendo me, te, lo, la, nos, los, las. Indica que estos pronombres reemplazan a un sustantivo de objeto directo y proporciona ejemplos de cómo se usan con verbos en el presente, -ing, infinitivos y mandatos afirmativos.
6-Indefinite and negative words
Este documento explica el uso de palabras indefinidas y negativas en español. Cubre temas como la doble negación, el uso de indefinidos como "algo" y "nada", y adverbios de frecuencia como "siempre" y "nunca". También discute el acuerdo de adjetivos indefinidos como "alguno" y "ninguno" con sustantivos, y el uso de "también" y "tampoco" en oraciones afirmativas y negativas.
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12-Subjunctive influence
- 2. Use of Subjunctive with Influence When a speaker wants something to occur or when he/she tries to influence the behavior of another, the subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause. Examples: Yoquieroqueustedespaguenla cuenta. La maestraprefiereque los estudiantes no lleguentarde.
- 3. More Verbs “Querer” and “preferir” often show the main’s subject’s desires to influence what another persons does/says/thinks, but there are many other verbs that can also serve as a subjunctive trigger: Insistir en, mandar (to order), permitir (to permit), prohibir, desear, pedir(i), recomendar(ie), sugerir (ie)
- 4. Impersonal Expressions Es necesarioque . . . Es urgenteque . . . Es importanteque . . . Es mejorque . . . compres el carro.