This document discusses the history of Javanese indentured labor and immigration to Suriname between 1890 and 1939. It provides details on: - The context and timeline of Javanese indentured labor following the abolition of slavery. The first 94 Javanese immigrants arrived in 1890. - Demographic information on the Javanese immigrants including numbers from different provinces in Java and ports of departure. By 1939 there were over 32,000 Javanese immigrants in Suriname. - Aspects of Javanese immigrant life such as housing, assimilation policies, and the urbanization of the Javanese population over time. Many Javanese immigrants eventually returned to Indonesia as transportation became available.

1. 125j Javanese in the Western
Hemisphere
Javanese Indentured labor
By
Kaboel Karso

2. Javanese Indentured Labor in Context
• USA : End of 18th century in Northern States. Dec
1865 in the whole USA
• UK: 1808 Slavetrade prohibited
• UK: 1833 Abolition of slavery
• SR: 1845 Immigration of Boeroes
• SR: 1853 Immigration of Chinese and Portuguese
• SR: 1863 Abolition of slavery
• SR: 1873 Immigration of people from India
• SR: 1890 Immigration of Javanese
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3. Book2bPublished Nov2015
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4. Sailing Route
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5. A face from a place
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6. The 1st 94 Javanese
CGK - AMS AMS - PBM Amount Date Left CGK Contract start
Unknown Unknown 1 21-5-1890 9-8-1890
Pr Alexander Pr Willem II 8 21-5-1890 9-8-1890
Pr v Oranje Pr Willem II 36 4-6-1890 9-8-1890
Pr v Oranje Pr Willem II 1 4-6-1890 2-9-1890
Pr v Oranje Pr Willem II 5 4-6-1890 20-9-1890
Total 51
Queen Emma Pr Willem III 1 2-7-1890 20-9-1890
Queen Emma Pr Willem III 41 2-7-1890 20-9-1890
Queen Emma Pr Willem III 1 2-7-1890 24-11-1890
Total 43
Gen Total 94
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8. Particularities Javanese Indentured
Labors
-Immigration department calculation Cost Of Living in 1917: Nf 2.10 per week.
Weekly earnings: Male Nf 2.40, Female Nf 1.68
- Assimilation Policy till 1930. 1. Recognition of Christian churches.2.
Assimilation of the several etnical groups. 3. Law on compulsary education
- Plan of Governor Kielstra (1933-1943) to Javanize Suriname. Purpose: Small
scale farming
- Administrative Model according to East Indies with Desa, Lurah en Wedana.
Based on Sambatan & Gotong Royong principles. Economic justified
- Skilled Lurah’s. Tasks: 1. Keeping peace & order. 2. Keeping population
records. 3. Maintenance of public works
- 1st
Wedana in Lelydorp pak Kartomodjo
- Kielstra desa’s: Kampong Baroe, Tamanredjo, Koewarasan, Poerwodadi,
Sidodadi and Tambaredjo
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9. Typical Javanese products
Teklek Tampah Contong Ani ani Basket
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10. Javanese Immigration 1890 - 1939
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11. Summary Javanese Immigrants
Year Type Male Female Total
1890 - 1913 IL 7,235 3,540 11,062 – 2,050
1914 – 1918 WWI IL 1,576 931 2,835 - 395
1919 - 1929 IL 9,605 7,273 17,992 – 1,652
1930 - 1931 FI 289 283 977 – 1,274
1939 Col 383 381 990 - 446
1935 - 1938 0 – 2,326
Total 19,066 12,408 32,956 – 8,143
IL = Indentured Labor. Penal sanction. Not as bad as in Deli, but still bad
FI = Free Immigrants (Preman)
Col = Colonist with Kota Gede. Plan of Governor Kielstra to populate
Suriname with 100.000 Javanese.
Rem: In 1925 and 1926 the ratio F/M was even 122 and 112 (Abduction?)
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12. Origin vs Port of Departure
Province Total
DKI Jakarta 672
Banten 120
Jawa Barat 471
Jawa Tenga 10,888
D.I. Yogyakarta 5,083
Jawa Timor 11,916
Not Yet Traced 1,392
Unknown 342
Total 30,884
Harbour %
Jakarta – Tanjung Priyok 41
Semarang – Tanjung Emas 43
Surabaya – Tanjung Perak 16
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13. Housing Javanese Indentured
Labours
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14. Urbanisation of Javanese
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15. Mulih Njawa 1/2
- 22% returned to Java, despite the fact that arrival and departure of
boats to Java were unpredictable. Some had to wait for 2 years. Some
finally lost their hope and were forced by circumstances to stay in
Suriname
- Anton de Kom, responding to the emotional need of the homesick
Javanese, was seen as Ratu Adil. In 1933 the rumour was that Anton
de Kom had some ships coming over for the return to Java. This
caused a confrontation with the police. Some Javanese died during this
demonstration
- KTPI (Kaum Tani Persatuan Indonesia founded in 1947) promised
people who had a green card to get them home to Java. Thousands
pay for the Kartu Iju, by selling all their belongings, but just 320
managed to leave
- In 1949 the independence of Indonesia was recognized by The
Netherlands. But most of the Javanese chose (by accident?) to get the
Indonesian citizenship and thus lost the right to vote. In 1975 still 20%
of the Javanese had the Indonesian citizenship 15Javanese Diaspora Event 2015 - Kaboel Karso

16. Mulih Njawa 2/2
- In 1947, 769 Javanese were sent back to Java for free with the boat
Tabian
- Proclamation of a political party the PBIS 1947 by Salikin Hardjo. The
aim is to look after the interest of the Indonesian and to improve their
social position
- 1 May 1951, proclamation of the foundation JTA (Jajasan ke Tanah Air).
Plans to repatriate to Indonesia and found a village, were presented to the
Commissioner of the Republic of Indonesia on 30 October 1951. Group
led by Salikin Hardjo
-5 Januari 1954: The Langkoeas left Paramaribo with 1018 passengers,
supervised by Johannes Kariodimedjo. These people founded Tongar
- 5 Februari 1954: Arrival in Padang
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17. Main reasons to leave
-People were homesick
- Indonesia finally became independent after beiing colonized for 350
years
- They could better live in Indonesia and help to build the country than
anywhere else
- They felt subordination and beiing discriminated
- Result: Brain Drain
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18. Personal stories of transmigrants
1. Antonius Dasimin Senawi, born in Plantage Vreeland in 1939
2. Giman KartoSentono, born in Lelydorp in 1940
3. Haryanti Hardjo, born in Tongar
4. Ngadimin Saridjo, born in Peperpot
5. Ponyem, born in Lelydorp in 1925
6. Sakri Ngadi, born in district Saramacca in 1941
7. Samidi, born in Hamptoncourtpolder in 1934
8. Sarmuji Sarjan, born in Nickerie in 1943
9. Syem, born in Nickerie in 1926
10. Teguh Sastropawiro, born in Hamptoncourtpolder in 1937
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19. Politics & remarkable names in the
Javanese History
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7 dec 1942: Speech of Her Majesty Queen Wilhelmina promised autonomy
to Overseas Colonies;
11 March 1943: Establishment of association "Unie Suriname", also signed
by Salikin Hardjo;
May 1946: Establishment of Moeslim Partij. Tje Mail (1st
Javanese with
Royal recognition), Ming Doelman, S.M. Hardjo, A. Nataprawira;
13 april 1947: Mass meeting by "Comité Republiek Indonesia" because of
Linggadjati Agreement (15 Nov 1946). Netherlands-Indonesia Union
consisting of Netherlands, Suriname, Antillen and Indonesia similar to UK
Commonwealth no later than 1 januari 1949
3 Nov 1954: Donker Law signed by Queen
-Raden Tanoedatar (Martodipoetro)
-Johannes Karijodimedjo
- Iding Soemita (18/8/1950 Dutch citizenship)  Just 1% of the Javanese
chose Dutch citizenship by 27 dec 1951

20. Emancipation of the Javanese
- Due to boardingschools, Javanese children had the opportunity to
go to highschools in Paramaribo
-More highschools available since 1980’s also because of better
infrastructure. The schools are better attainable by rural Javanese
- Occupation structure changed drastically. 1971 compared to 1964:
The share of intellectual & administrative profession doubled for men.
For women it even quadruppled. Agriculture, farming and fishery
became just a secondary source of income
- Nowadays the education level is almost the same as the rest of
Surinam. Note: The women are doing much better though
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21. Census/Growth Javanese
population in Suriname
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
1890 1910 1930 1940 1950 1964 1971 1980 2004 2012
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22. Javanese density
Country Acreage *
1000 Km2
Inhabitants
* 1 Million
Inhabitants
per Km2
Javanese *
1000
Javanese
per Km2
Suriname 160 0.5 3.4 74 0.5
Netherlands 40 17.0 425.0 27 0.7
Java 130 120.0 923.0 80,000 615.0
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23. Javanese in The Netherlands
-Arrival: around 1975 because of the independence of Suriname and fear to
be predominated by the creoles
-Between 1972 and 1975 almost 75,000 (abt 20%) Surinamese chose for
safety and certainty and left for The Netherlands
-1994 research by Erasmus university. 7% of the Surinamese population in
Holland is Javanese
-According to Statistical Bureau (CBS) on 1 Januari 2015 there are 348,500
Dutch citizen with a Surinamese background of which 7% are Javanese
-The Javanese community in The Netherlands has a higher Employment rate
compared to the other Suriname originated people
- Prof Steven Samijo
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24. Javanese in The Netherlands -
Geography
Minder dan 1
1 tot 2
2 tot 3
3 tot 4
4 en meer
Per 1 000 van de bevolking
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25. Javanese in Diaspora NL (JiD-NL) 1/2
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26. Javanese in Diaspora NL (JiD-NL) 2/2
• Working towards organisation as legal entity
• Empower descendants by exposing rolemodels
• Promote Community to Community Cooperation
• Organise activities to help enhance the Gotong
Royong concept
• Provide platform for indepth discussion on
socially relevant issues
• Focus not only on culture, but also on Economy,
Diaspora policy, education, Tourism
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27. Yayasan Setiga Jawa ing Flevoland
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28. 2015 - Anniversary
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29. Cookbook
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30. Projects & Highlights
- Fundraising for victims of Tsunami Aceh
- Fundraising for Seaquake Yogyakarta, project ABY. 22 Suriname Javanese
organizations participated. We occupied the KBRI in Den Haag
- Fundraising for orphanages in Suriname
- Fundraising for inhabitants of the interior in Suriname because of flood
- Yearly production of the Javanese Calendar incl part of Pawukon and
Pranata Mangsa. Also incl National hollidays of Indonesia, Suriname and The
Netherlands
- Acting as public diplomats on several occasion
- Connect the Suriname embassy with the KBRI
- Recognition by MENLU by Minister Wirayuda as being part of the Indonesian
descendents
- Maintaining relationship with KBRI and Suriname embassy
- Representative of the Suriname Javanese community in The Netherlands on
several occasions at meetings with Indonesian Ministers and ex vice
presidents Jusuf Kalla and Try Sutrisno
- Representative of the Suriname Javanese community in The Netherlands at
the dinner with Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X
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31. Serat Atur Panuwun
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32. Project: Sumber Air Nglarangan
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33. Project: School Karanganyar
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SESEP & School Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipHDvfl7e1c

34. Visit of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono in
2005
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35. Room of President Soekarno in
Moscow at KBRI
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36. Question: Difference
-In Indonesia competition is very tough. Javanese here are more
determined
- Javanese in The Netherlands seems to have better opportunities
than in Suriname
- Javanese has basic value which is extra ordinary in the west: Rasa
- Javanese has high moral values which has no western equivalent. i.e
Gotong Royong transcends the word ‘Teamwork’
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37. Robert Bosari 1/2
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38. Robert Bosari 2/2
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