3. DEFINATION I
Cloud computing is a model for enabling
ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network
access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks, servers,
storage, applications, and services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider
interaction.
-
NIST
4. DEFINATION II
A cloud is a type of parallel and distributed
system consisting of a collection of
interconnected and virtualized computers that
are dynamically provisioned and presented as
one or more unified computing resources
based on service-level agreements established
through negotiation between the service
provider and consumers.
-Rajkumar
Buyya
6. SERVICES
Three Services :
SaaaS(Software as a Service):
• The SaaS model provides software
applications as a service.
• This refers to browser-initiated application
software over thousands of cloud
customers.
Cont…
7. SERVICES
• On the customer side, there is no upfront
investment in servers or software licensing
and on the provider side, costs are kept
rather low, compared with conventional
hosting of user applications.
• The best examples of SaaS services include
Google Gmail and docs, Microsoft
SharePoint, and the CRM software from
Salesforce.com.
Cont…
8. SERVICES
SaaS Benefits :
• Reduced Disruption
• Efficient use of software licences
• Centralized management and data
• Platform responsibilities managed by
providers
• Upfront cost savings
Cont…
9. SERVICES
SaaS Issues and concerns :
• Browser based risks
• Network dependence
• Lack of portability
Cont…
12. SERVICES
PaaS(Platform as a Service) :
• To be able to develop, deploy, and manage
the execution of applications using
provisioned resources demands a cloud
platform with the proper software
environment.
• Platform includes operating system and
runtime library support. This has triggered the
creation of the PaaS model to enable users
to develop and deploy their user applications.
Cont…
13. SERVICES
• The user application can be developed on
this virtualized cloud platform using some
programming languages and software
tools supported by the provider.
• The user does not manage the underlying
cloud infrastructure.
Cont…
14. SERVICES
PaaS Benefits :
• Reduced disruption
• Efficient use of software licences
• Centralized management and data
• Platform responsibilities managed by
providers
• Upfront cost savings
Cont…
15. SERVICES
PaaS Issues and concerns :
• Browser based risks and risk remediation
• Network dependence
• Isolation Vs. Efficiency
• Lack of Portability
• Event based processor scheduling
• Security engineering
• Multiple languages
Cont…
17. SERVICES
PaaS Recommendations:
• Generic Interface
• Standard language and tools
• Data access
• Data Protection
• Application frameworks
• Component testing
• Security
• Secure data deletion
Cont…
18. SERVICES
IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service):
• Infrastructure- and Hardware-as-a-Service
(IaaS/HaaS) solutions are the most popular
and developed market segment of cloud
computing.
• The available options within the IaaS offering
umbrella range from single servers to entire
infra- structures, including network devices,
load balancers, and database and Web
servers.
Cont…
19. SERVICES
• The main technology used to deliver and
implement these solutions is hardware
virtualization: one or more virtual
machines opportunely configured and
interconnected define the distributed sys-
tem on top of which applications are
installed and deployed.
Cont…
20. SERVICES
IaaS issues and concerns :
• Compatibility with legacy security
vulnerabilities
• Virtual machine sprawl
• Verifying authenticity
• Robustness of VM-level isolation
• Features for dynamic network configuration
• Data erase practices
Cont…
22. DEPLOYMENT MODELS
Public Cloud:
• Public clouds constitute the first expression of
cloud computing.
• They are a realization of the canonical view
of cloud computing in which the services
offered are made available to anyone, from
anywhere, and at any time through the
Internet.
• A fundamental characteristic of public clouds
is multitenancy.
Cont…
23. DEPLOYMENT MODELS
• A public cloud is meant to serve a
multitude of users, not a single customer.
Any customer requires a virtual computing
environment that is separated, and most
likely isolated, from other users.
• A public cloud can offer any kind of
service: infrastructure, platform, or
applications.
Cont…
24. DEPLOYMENT MODELS
Private Clouds :
• In the case of public clouds, the provider is
in control of the infrastructure and,
eventually, of the customers’ core logic
and sensitive data.
• Even though there could be regulatory
procedure in place that guarantees fair
management and respect of the
customer’s privacy, this condition can still
be perceived as a threat or as an
unacceptable risk that some organizations
Cont…
25. DEPLOYMENT MODELS
• In particular, institutions such as government
and military agencies will not consider public
clouds as an option for processing or storing
their sensitive data.
• Private clouds are virtual distributed systems
that rely on a private infrastructure and
provide internal users with dynamic
provisioning of computing resources.
Cont…
26. DEPLOYMENT MODELS
• Private clouds have the advantage of keeping
the core business operations in-house by
relying on the existing IT infrastructure and
reducing the burden of maintaining it once
the cloud has been set up.
• With private clouds is the possibility of testing
applications and systems at a comparatively
lower price rather than public clouds before
deploying them on the public virtual
infrastructure.
Cont…
27. DEPLOYMENT MODELS
Hybrid Clouds :
• Hybrid clouds allow enterprises to exploit
existing IT infrastructures, maintain sensitive
information within the premises, and naturally
grow and shrink by provisioning external
resources and releasing them when they’re
no longer needed.
• Hybrid clouds address scalability issues by
leveraging external resources for exceeding
capacity demand.
Cont…
28. DEPLOYMENT MODELS
• It is a heterogeneous distributed system
resulting from a private cloud that integrates
additional services or resources from one or
more public clouds.
• Hybrid clouds address scalability issues by
leveraging external resources for exceeding.
• In an IaaS scenario, dynamic provisioning
refers to the ability to acquire on demand
virtual machines in order to increase the
capability of the resulting distributed system
and then release them.
Cont…
29. DEPLOYMENT MODELS
Community Clouds :
• Community clouds are distributed systems
created by integrating the services of different
clouds to address the specific needs of an
industry, a community, or a business sector.
• The users of a specific community cloud fall
into a well-identified community, sharing the
same concerns or needs; they can be
government bodies, industries, or even
simple users, but all of them focus on the
same issues for their interaction with the
cloud.
Cont…
30. DEPLOYMENT MODELS
The infrastructure is shared by several
organizations and supports a specific
community that has shared concerns (e.g.,
mission, security requirements, policy, and
compliance considerations). It may be
managed by the organizations or a third
party and may exist on premise or off
premise.
-NIST
31. FEATURES
Self Service :
• clouds allow self-service access so that
customers can request, customize, pay,
and use services without intervention of
human operators.
Cont…
32. FEATURES
Per-Usage Metering and Billing:
• Cloud computing eliminates up-front
commitment by users, allowing them to
request and use only the necessary
amount.
• Services must be priced on a short term
basis (e.g., by the hour), allowing users to
release (and not pay for) resources as
soon as they are not needed.
Cont…
33. FEATURES
• For these reasons, clouds must implement
features to allow efficient trading of service
such as pricing, accounting, and billing.
• Metering should be done accordingly for
different types of service (e.g., storage,
processing, and bandwidth) and usage
promptly reported, thus providing greater
transparency.
Cont…
34. FEATURES
Elasticity :
• Cloud computing gives the illusion of infinite
computing resources available on demand.
• Therefore users expect clouds to rapidly
provide resources in any quantity at any time.
• In particular, it is expected that the additional
resources can be (a) provisioned, possibly
automatically, when an application load
increases and (b) released when load
decreases (scale up and down).
Cont…
35. FEATURES
Customization :
• Resources rented from the cloud must be
highly customizable.
• In the case of infrastructure services,
customization means allowing users to
deploy specialized virtual appliances and
to be given privileged (root) access to the
virtual servers.
36. ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
• Increased economical return due to the
reduced maintenance costs and operational
costs related to IT software and
infrastructure.
• Minimizing capital costs, then, is fundamental
Cloud computing transforms IT infrastructure
and software into utilities, thus significantly
contributing to increasing a company’s net
gain.
37. ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
• Cloud computing also provides an
opportunity for small organizations and start-
ups: these do not need large investments to
start their business, but they can comfortably
grow with it.
• Finally, maintenance costs are significantly
reduced: by renting the infrastructure and the
application services, organizations are no
longer responsible for their maintenance.
38. ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
Challenges :
• challenges concerning the dynamic
provisioning of cloud computing services
and resources arises.
• Security in terms of confidentiality,
secrecy, and protection of data in a cloud
environment is another important
challenge.
39. ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
• Legal issues are specifically tied to the
ubiquitous nature of cloud computing,
which spreads computing infrastructure
across diverse geographical locations.
Different legislation about privacy in
different countries may potentially create
disputes as to the rights that third parties
(including government agencies) have to
your data.
41. REFERENCES
[1]. MASTERING CLOUD COMPUTING
:Foundations and Applications of
Programming;1.1.5.Characteristics and
Benfits;1.1.6.Challenges Ahead;4.2. The Cloud
Reference Model by Rajkumar Buyya
[2]. CLOUD COMPUTING PRINCIPLES AND
PARADIGIMS ;1.4. Desired Features of a
Cloud by Rajkumar Buyya
[3] www.ieeex.org
[4]www.facebook.com/gridandcloudcomputingcl
ass/
