This document contains a multi-part chemistry question about physical and chemical changes including:
1) Determining the reactivity series of metals through displacement reactions and measuring voltage in cells.
2) Questions about the dibasic acids malonic acid and sulfuric acid, including their properties and reactions.
3) The preparation of the insoluble salt silver(I) chromate by precipitation from solutions of silver(I) nitrate and potassium chromate.
4) Different methods for preparing salts, including titration, neutralization, and precipitation. The document contains chemistry questions and tables to complete.
The document contains a 9 question exam paper assessing knowledge of the periodic table and properties of group 1 metals, transition metals such as vanadium, and elements in period 2 such as carbon, nitrogen, fluorine and neon. Questions cover trends in physical and chemical properties, electronic configurations, oxidation states, bonding and structures.
This document contains information about acids, bases and salts. It includes questions about determining the reactivity series of metals through displacement reactions and measuring cell voltages. It also discusses properties of specific acids like malonic acid and sulfuric acid, and preparation of salts through various methods like precipitation, neutralization and titration. Example reactions provided include the reaction of magnesium with acids, and the reaction of ethylamine with iron(III) chloride that forms a brown precipitate.
This document is a chemistry exam paper containing multiple choice and short answer questions testing knowledge of stoichiometry, organic chemistry, acid-base reactions, and periodicity. The paper contains 9 questions with a total of 69 marks. It tests key chemistry concepts like mole calculations, empirical and molecular formula determination, acid-base and redox reactions, and periodic trends.
- The document is a chemistry exam paper assessing knowledge of particulate nature of matter including diffusion, Brownian motion, and properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
- It contains 5 multi-part questions testing understanding of acid-base reactions, properties of halogens, uses of selenium and sulfur, bonding in covalent compounds, and properties of ethanoic acid.
- Students must demonstrate knowledge of key concepts through written explanations, diagrams, equations, and interpreting provided data in the form of a graph.
The document is a chemistry exam paper containing multiple questions on topics related to electricity and chemistry. It includes questions about the extraction of zinc from zinc blende, the purification of zinc by electrolysis, corrosion of steel and its prevention, the extraction of iron in the blast furnace, and catalysts in chemical reactions. The questions require students to write word and ionic equations, explain observations, complete descriptions, and suggest explanations.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species for medical and graduate students. It gives an overview of these species, including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and reactive nitrogen species derived from nitric oxide. It discusses both the beneficial and harmful roles of these species in areas like the respiratory burst, reperfusion injury, photodynamic therapy, and disease mechanisms. It also describes the enzymes involved in generating and removing these species, mechanisms of oxidative damage, strategies to mitigate this damage including dietary antioxidants, and implications in disease and drug toxicity. The goal is to teach students the fundamentals of redox biology and its relevance to clinical medicine and health.
This document is a 16674 word final report on transition metal catalysts for electrochemical water splitting. It discusses hydrogenases and their role in nature, focusing on the [Fe]-only, [FeFe], and [NiFe] varieties. It then reviews cobalt, nickel, and iron-based catalysts as well as cobaloximes and proton relays. The document outlines a synthetic strategy to create two potential proton reduction catalysts based on cobalt pyridylamine ligands with strategically placed thiol groups. However, due to problems encountered during synthesis, neither ligand was fully synthesized and no electrochemical studies could be performed. Overall the document explores organic synthesis routes and discusses lessons learned regarding cyclohexane ring chemistry.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It tells students to write their identification on all work, use blue or black pen with pencil for diagrams, and not to use staples, paper clips, etc. It lists the number of marks for each question. The exam is 1 hour and 15 minutes long and contains 11 printed pages and 1 blank page. It includes 8 chemistry questions testing knowledge of topics like the water cycle, salts, trends in the periodic table, organic chemistry, and corrosion. A periodic table is provided on page 12 for reference.
The document contains a 9 question exam paper assessing knowledge of the periodic table and properties of group 1 metals, transition metals such as vanadium, and elements in period 2 such as carbon, nitrogen, fluorine and neon. Questions cover trends in physical and chemical properties, electronic configurations, oxidation states, bonding and structures.
This document contains information about acids, bases and salts. It includes questions about determining the reactivity series of metals through displacement reactions and measuring cell voltages. It also discusses properties of specific acids like malonic acid and sulfuric acid, and preparation of salts through various methods like precipitation, neutralization and titration. Example reactions provided include the reaction of magnesium with acids, and the reaction of ethylamine with iron(III) chloride that forms a brown precipitate.
This document is a chemistry exam paper containing multiple choice and short answer questions testing knowledge of stoichiometry, organic chemistry, acid-base reactions, and periodicity. The paper contains 9 questions with a total of 69 marks. It tests key chemistry concepts like mole calculations, empirical and molecular formula determination, acid-base and redox reactions, and periodic trends.
- The document is a chemistry exam paper assessing knowledge of particulate nature of matter including diffusion, Brownian motion, and properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
- It contains 5 multi-part questions testing understanding of acid-base reactions, properties of halogens, uses of selenium and sulfur, bonding in covalent compounds, and properties of ethanoic acid.
- Students must demonstrate knowledge of key concepts through written explanations, diagrams, equations, and interpreting provided data in the form of a graph.
The document is a chemistry exam paper containing multiple questions on topics related to electricity and chemistry. It includes questions about the extraction of zinc from zinc blende, the purification of zinc by electrolysis, corrosion of steel and its prevention, the extraction of iron in the blast furnace, and catalysts in chemical reactions. The questions require students to write word and ionic equations, explain observations, complete descriptions, and suggest explanations.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species for medical and graduate students. It gives an overview of these species, including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and reactive nitrogen species derived from nitric oxide. It discusses both the beneficial and harmful roles of these species in areas like the respiratory burst, reperfusion injury, photodynamic therapy, and disease mechanisms. It also describes the enzymes involved in generating and removing these species, mechanisms of oxidative damage, strategies to mitigate this damage including dietary antioxidants, and implications in disease and drug toxicity. The goal is to teach students the fundamentals of redox biology and its relevance to clinical medicine and health.
This document is a 16674 word final report on transition metal catalysts for electrochemical water splitting. It discusses hydrogenases and their role in nature, focusing on the [Fe]-only, [FeFe], and [NiFe] varieties. It then reviews cobalt, nickel, and iron-based catalysts as well as cobaloximes and proton relays. The document outlines a synthetic strategy to create two potential proton reduction catalysts based on cobalt pyridylamine ligands with strategically placed thiol groups. However, due to problems encountered during synthesis, neither ligand was fully synthesized and no electrochemical studies could be performed. Overall the document explores organic synthesis routes and discusses lessons learned regarding cyclohexane ring chemistry.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It tells students to write their identification on all work, use blue or black pen with pencil for diagrams, and not to use staples, paper clips, etc. It lists the number of marks for each question. The exam is 1 hour and 15 minutes long and contains 11 printed pages and 1 blank page. It includes 8 chemistry questions testing knowledge of topics like the water cycle, salts, trends in the periodic table, organic chemistry, and corrosion. A periodic table is provided on page 12 for reference.
This document contains a 5-question stoichiometry exam with multiple parts to each question. The exam covers topics such as the law of constant composition, reduction and oxidation reactions, empirical and molecular formulas, limiting reagents, and balanced chemical equations. Students are asked to perform stoichiometric calculations, identify limiting reagents, write balanced equations, and determine empirical formulas from percentage compositions.
This document contains a chemistry question paper with multiple parts testing knowledge of stoichiometry, thermochemical reactions, properties of elements and compounds, and reactions of sulfur compounds. The paper includes questions involving mole calculations, identifying products of reactions when substances are heated, describing physical properties and structures of macromolecular substances, writing balanced equations and describing conditions for industrial reactions.
The document is a chemistry question paper that covers several topics related to stoichiometry and the preparation and properties of salts and metals. It contains multiple questions involving calculations related to reactions between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid, the preparation of nickel(II) chloride and potassium chloride salts, and the isolation of titanium from its ore. The questions assess understanding of reaction rates and stoichiometry, acid-base reactions, precipitation reactions, and the properties and uses of transition metals.
The document provides an overview of the Kjeldahl method for determining nitrogen content. It discusses the history of the method developed by Johan Kjeldahl in 1883. For over 130 years it has been an internationally accepted standard for determining nitrogen in various samples. The document outlines the typical procedures for Kjeldahl analysis including sample preparation, digestion, distillation, and titration. It also discusses parameters that affect the analysis and provides references for further information.
This document is a textbook on drilling engineering that covers topics such as rotary drilling rig components and systems, geomechanics, drilling hydraulics, drill bits, and drillstring design. It provides detailed explanations of concepts and calculations with examples. The textbook is intended for a master's level course on petroleum engineering and drilling.
This document provides an overview of the melt shop production process at Al Ezz Steel Rebars Company. It describes the key steps in melting steel in an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and refining it in a Ladle Refining Furnace (LRF). The document outlines the types of metallic inputs used in the EAF like scrap, direct reduced iron, and pig iron. It also explains the electrical and chemical energy inputs used for melting. Key phases of EAF operation discussed include charging, melting, slag formation, refining reactions, and tapping. Processes in the LRF covered include stirring mechanisms, tapping additions, slag formation, desulphurization, and general operating procedures. The goal of the document
This document is the Periodic Table of the Elements data sheet. It provides information about the elements including:
- The element's atomic number and symbol
- The element's relative atomic mass
- Which group and period the element is in
- Some key properties of each element
- The volume of one mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure
- Notes about the lanthanoid and actinoid series
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It tells students to write their identification on all work, use blue or black pen with pencil for diagrams, and not to use staples, paper clips, etc. It lists the number of marks for each question. It provides the periodic table and instructions to fasten all work together at the end. It consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages.
This document consists of exam questions for International GCSE Chemistry. It includes 11 pages of multiple choice and structured questions testing students' knowledge of topics including the periodic table, polymers, fertilizers, corrosion, and photochemical reactions. Students are instructed to answer all questions in dark blue or black pen without using staples or correction fluid. Their work will be collected and fastened together at the end of the exam.
This document contains a table of contents that outlines topics in biology, including: the scientific method, theories of evolution and the modern view of evolution, Darwinian evolution, the diversity of life, characteristics of living things, levels of organization, the structure of cells and their components, cell transport, the cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis, cellular respiration and photosynthesis, heredity and genetics, genes and chromosomes, and the structure of DNA. The table of contents provides an overview of the chapters and sections in the full document.
The document provides background information on osteoarthritis, describing it as a degenerative joint disease caused by the progressive loss of articular cartilage. It notes that the limited self-renewal abilities of cartilage means damage cannot be repaired. The document indicates that the ADAMTS family of enzymes are implicated in promoting cartilage degeneration, and scientists are targeting these specific enzymes to prevent further cartilage loss.
This PhD dissertation consists of three chapters addressing (1) the development of a
combinatorial synthesis of cocaine analogues through multicomponent Grignard reactions to
obtain potential dopamine transporter ligands, (2) a study of the mechanism of glycosidation
reactions through competition reactions between glucosyl and galactosyl donors, and (3) the
determination of thermodynamic parameters for the binding of azasugars to almond β-
glucosidase through enzyme kinetic experiments.
This document contains abstracts for several papers on surface engineering techniques for improving the hardness, wear resistance, and other properties of tool steels. A variety of approaches are discussed, including nitriding, carbonitriding, oxycarbonitriding, PVD and CVD coatings, and thermal treatments. The goal of these surface engineering methods is to enhance the performance of tool steels used in applications such as cutting tools, dies, and molds.
This document is the 15th edition of the Paint and Coating Testing Manual, also known as the Gardner-Sward Handbook. It contains 29 chapters written by different authors on various topics related to paints and coatings, including regulations, naturally occurring materials, synthetic materials, plasticizers, solvents, pigments, and additives. The editor is Joseph V. Koleske. It is published by ASTM International and provides technical information for testing and analyzing paint and coating materials.
This document provides recommendations for the production, control, and regulation of human plasma for fractionation. It covers appropriate donor selection and screening, production methods, collection, separation, freezing and storage of plasma. The goal is to exclude infectious donations and ensure plasma is produced according to good manufacturing practices. Precautions are outlined to prevent transmission of pathogens from blood and plasma through proper donor screening, epidemiological surveillance, adherence to procedures, and testing and quality control of plasma units.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It consists of 16 printed pages and covers the following topics:
1. The exam instructions state to write candidate details on all work submitted and to answer all questions. Calculators and a periodic table are permitted.
2. The exam contains questions on subatomic particles, isotopes, chemical equations, and properties of Period 3 elements and their compounds.
3. Further questions address rates of reaction, electroplating, the Contact process for sulfuric acid production, petroleum processing, and ester formation.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It consists of 16 printed pages and covers the following topics:
1. The exam instructions state to write candidate details on all work submitted and to answer all questions. Calculators and a periodic table are permitted.
2. The exam contains questions on subatomic particles, isotopes, chemical equations, and properties of Period 3 elements and their compounds.
3. Further questions address rates of reaction, electroplating, the Contact process for sulfuric acid production, petroleum processing, and ester formation.
This document contains a 6-part stoichiometry exam with multiple choice and written response questions. The exam covers topics such as the law of constant composition, balancing chemical equations, empirical and molecular formulas, limiting reagents, percentage yield calculations, and methods for preparing different types of salts.
The document is a chemistry exam paper that covers several topics:
1. Electroplating steel objects involves coating them first with copper then nickel then silver in a 3-step process.
2. Chemical reactions are always accompanied by an energy change. Aluminum extraction and determining metal reactivity use electrolysis.
3. Zinc production from its ore and uses in alloys and batteries are discussed. Dry cells use zinc and manganese oxide with an ammonium chloride electrolyte.
This document contains information about alkenes from multiple chemistry question papers. It discusses topics such as:
- Industrial processes used to produce alkenes from petroleum.
- Polymerization of ethene and propene to form polymers.
- Reactions of alkenes to form esters, alcohols, and other products.
- Cracking of alkanes to produce alkenes.
- Addition reactions of alkenes and their use in making pesticides, polymers, and other compounds.
- Oxidation of alkenes to form carboxylic acids.
The document contains chemistry questions and problems relating to alkene structures, reactions, and properties over
This document is a practice exam paper for the IGCSE CIE exam on thermal physics. It contains 5 questions testing concepts related to thermal properties and temperature. Question 1 asks about heat transfer through metals and relative thermal conductivities. Question 2 defines specific heat capacity and calculates temperature changes. Question 3 compares expansion of ice and water and choosing reinforcement materials for concrete. Question 4 describes construction of a thermocouple. Question 5 defines specific heat capacity and calculates it through an experimental method. The exam paper provides context and questions to assess understanding of key thermal physics concepts.
This document is a physics exam paper from CIE (Cambridge International Examinations) on the topic of thermal properties and temperature. It contains 5 multi-part questions testing various concepts including:
1) Processes of heat transfer through metals. Thermal properties of metals like iron and copper.
2) Definitions of specific heat capacity. Calculations involving solar energy absorption and temperature changes of materials.
3) Differences in expansion of ice and water upon heating. Selection of reinforcing metal for concrete based on thermal expansion properties.
4) Construction and uses of thermocouples for temperature measurement.
5) Definition of specific heat capacity. Experiment to measure specific heat capacity of a metal using
This document contains a 5-question stoichiometry exam with multiple parts to each question. The exam covers topics such as the law of constant composition, reduction and oxidation reactions, empirical and molecular formulas, limiting reagents, and balanced chemical equations. Students are asked to perform stoichiometric calculations, identify limiting reagents, write balanced equations, and determine empirical formulas from percentage compositions.
This document contains a chemistry question paper with multiple parts testing knowledge of stoichiometry, thermochemical reactions, properties of elements and compounds, and reactions of sulfur compounds. The paper includes questions involving mole calculations, identifying products of reactions when substances are heated, describing physical properties and structures of macromolecular substances, writing balanced equations and describing conditions for industrial reactions.
The document is a chemistry question paper that covers several topics related to stoichiometry and the preparation and properties of salts and metals. It contains multiple questions involving calculations related to reactions between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid, the preparation of nickel(II) chloride and potassium chloride salts, and the isolation of titanium from its ore. The questions assess understanding of reaction rates and stoichiometry, acid-base reactions, precipitation reactions, and the properties and uses of transition metals.
The document provides an overview of the Kjeldahl method for determining nitrogen content. It discusses the history of the method developed by Johan Kjeldahl in 1883. For over 130 years it has been an internationally accepted standard for determining nitrogen in various samples. The document outlines the typical procedures for Kjeldahl analysis including sample preparation, digestion, distillation, and titration. It also discusses parameters that affect the analysis and provides references for further information.
This document is a textbook on drilling engineering that covers topics such as rotary drilling rig components and systems, geomechanics, drilling hydraulics, drill bits, and drillstring design. It provides detailed explanations of concepts and calculations with examples. The textbook is intended for a master's level course on petroleum engineering and drilling.
This document provides an overview of the melt shop production process at Al Ezz Steel Rebars Company. It describes the key steps in melting steel in an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and refining it in a Ladle Refining Furnace (LRF). The document outlines the types of metallic inputs used in the EAF like scrap, direct reduced iron, and pig iron. It also explains the electrical and chemical energy inputs used for melting. Key phases of EAF operation discussed include charging, melting, slag formation, refining reactions, and tapping. Processes in the LRF covered include stirring mechanisms, tapping additions, slag formation, desulphurization, and general operating procedures. The goal of the document
This document is the Periodic Table of the Elements data sheet. It provides information about the elements including:
- The element's atomic number and symbol
- The element's relative atomic mass
- Which group and period the element is in
- Some key properties of each element
- The volume of one mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure
- Notes about the lanthanoid and actinoid series
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It tells students to write their identification on all work, use blue or black pen with pencil for diagrams, and not to use staples, paper clips, etc. It lists the number of marks for each question. It provides the periodic table and instructions to fasten all work together at the end. It consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages.
This document consists of exam questions for International GCSE Chemistry. It includes 11 pages of multiple choice and structured questions testing students' knowledge of topics including the periodic table, polymers, fertilizers, corrosion, and photochemical reactions. Students are instructed to answer all questions in dark blue or black pen without using staples or correction fluid. Their work will be collected and fastened together at the end of the exam.
This document contains a table of contents that outlines topics in biology, including: the scientific method, theories of evolution and the modern view of evolution, Darwinian evolution, the diversity of life, characteristics of living things, levels of organization, the structure of cells and their components, cell transport, the cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis, cellular respiration and photosynthesis, heredity and genetics, genes and chromosomes, and the structure of DNA. The table of contents provides an overview of the chapters and sections in the full document.
The document provides background information on osteoarthritis, describing it as a degenerative joint disease caused by the progressive loss of articular cartilage. It notes that the limited self-renewal abilities of cartilage means damage cannot be repaired. The document indicates that the ADAMTS family of enzymes are implicated in promoting cartilage degeneration, and scientists are targeting these specific enzymes to prevent further cartilage loss.
This PhD dissertation consists of three chapters addressing (1) the development of a
combinatorial synthesis of cocaine analogues through multicomponent Grignard reactions to
obtain potential dopamine transporter ligands, (2) a study of the mechanism of glycosidation
reactions through competition reactions between glucosyl and galactosyl donors, and (3) the
determination of thermodynamic parameters for the binding of azasugars to almond β-
glucosidase through enzyme kinetic experiments.
This document contains abstracts for several papers on surface engineering techniques for improving the hardness, wear resistance, and other properties of tool steels. A variety of approaches are discussed, including nitriding, carbonitriding, oxycarbonitriding, PVD and CVD coatings, and thermal treatments. The goal of these surface engineering methods is to enhance the performance of tool steels used in applications such as cutting tools, dies, and molds.
This document is the 15th edition of the Paint and Coating Testing Manual, also known as the Gardner-Sward Handbook. It contains 29 chapters written by different authors on various topics related to paints and coatings, including regulations, naturally occurring materials, synthetic materials, plasticizers, solvents, pigments, and additives. The editor is Joseph V. Koleske. It is published by ASTM International and provides technical information for testing and analyzing paint and coating materials.
This document provides recommendations for the production, control, and regulation of human plasma for fractionation. It covers appropriate donor selection and screening, production methods, collection, separation, freezing and storage of plasma. The goal is to exclude infectious donations and ensure plasma is produced according to good manufacturing practices. Precautions are outlined to prevent transmission of pathogens from blood and plasma through proper donor screening, epidemiological surveillance, adherence to procedures, and testing and quality control of plasma units.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It consists of 16 printed pages and covers the following topics:
1. The exam instructions state to write candidate details on all work submitted and to answer all questions. Calculators and a periodic table are permitted.
2. The exam contains questions on subatomic particles, isotopes, chemical equations, and properties of Period 3 elements and their compounds.
3. Further questions address rates of reaction, electroplating, the Contact process for sulfuric acid production, petroleum processing, and ester formation.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It consists of 16 printed pages and covers the following topics:
1. The exam instructions state to write candidate details on all work submitted and to answer all questions. Calculators and a periodic table are permitted.
2. The exam contains questions on subatomic particles, isotopes, chemical equations, and properties of Period 3 elements and their compounds.
3. Further questions address rates of reaction, electroplating, the Contact process for sulfuric acid production, petroleum processing, and ester formation.
This document contains a 6-part stoichiometry exam with multiple choice and written response questions. The exam covers topics such as the law of constant composition, balancing chemical equations, empirical and molecular formulas, limiting reagents, percentage yield calculations, and methods for preparing different types of salts.
The document is a chemistry exam paper that covers several topics:
1. Electroplating steel objects involves coating them first with copper then nickel then silver in a 3-step process.
2. Chemical reactions are always accompanied by an energy change. Aluminum extraction and determining metal reactivity use electrolysis.
3. Zinc production from its ore and uses in alloys and batteries are discussed. Dry cells use zinc and manganese oxide with an ammonium chloride electrolyte.
This document contains information about alkenes from multiple chemistry question papers. It discusses topics such as:
- Industrial processes used to produce alkenes from petroleum.
- Polymerization of ethene and propene to form polymers.
- Reactions of alkenes to form esters, alcohols, and other products.
- Cracking of alkanes to produce alkenes.
- Addition reactions of alkenes and their use in making pesticides, polymers, and other compounds.
- Oxidation of alkenes to form carboxylic acids.
The document contains chemistry questions and problems relating to alkene structures, reactions, and properties over
This document is a practice exam paper for the IGCSE CIE exam on thermal physics. It contains 5 questions testing concepts related to thermal properties and temperature. Question 1 asks about heat transfer through metals and relative thermal conductivities. Question 2 defines specific heat capacity and calculates temperature changes. Question 3 compares expansion of ice and water and choosing reinforcement materials for concrete. Question 4 describes construction of a thermocouple. Question 5 defines specific heat capacity and calculates it through an experimental method. The exam paper provides context and questions to assess understanding of key thermal physics concepts.
This document is a physics exam paper from CIE (Cambridge International Examinations) on the topic of thermal properties and temperature. It contains 5 multi-part questions testing various concepts including:
1) Processes of heat transfer through metals. Thermal properties of metals like iron and copper.
2) Definitions of specific heat capacity. Calculations involving solar energy absorption and temperature changes of materials.
3) Differences in expansion of ice and water upon heating. Selection of reinforcing metal for concrete based on thermal expansion properties.
4) Construction and uses of thermocouples for temperature measurement.
5) Definition of specific heat capacity. Experiment to measure specific heat capacity of a metal using
This document contains a physics exam for the International General Certificate of Secondary Education. The exam has 17 printed pages and consists of multiple choice and free response questions testing concepts in physics. Questions cover topics such as energy, thermal energy transfer, magnetic fields, density, radioactive decay, states of matter, electricity, sound, forces and motion, circuits, relays, and optics. Students are instructed to show their work, use appropriate units, and include explanations for their answers.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It outlines that candidates have 1 hour and 15 minutes to complete the exam. They should write their identifying information in the spaces provided. The exam consists of 12 printed pages and candidates should answer all questions in the spaces on the paper. No additional materials are allowed.
This document is a chemistry exam paper consisting of structured questions about various chemistry topics. It includes questions about isotopes, hydrocarbon oxidation reactions, periodic trends, organic compound structures and reactions, and identification of organic compounds based on empirical formulas and chemical tests. The exam paper provides context for 5 multi-part chemistry questions, each worth various point values and testing different concepts.
This document is a chemistry exam paper consisting of structured questions about various chemistry topics. It includes questions about isotopes, hydrocarbon oxidation reactions, periodic trends, organic compound structures and reactions, and identification of organic compounds based on empirical formulas and chemical tests. The exam paper provides context for 5 multi-part chemistry questions, each worth various point values and testing different concepts.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It specifies that students should write their identification on all work, use dark blue or black pen with pencil allowed for diagrams, and not use staples, paper clips, or correction fluid. It notes the exam contains multiple choice and written answer questions and that calculators and a periodic table are permitted. It reminds students to show working and use appropriate units, and to fasten all work together at the end.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It tells students to write their identification information on all work submitted. It specifies to write in dark blue or black pen, and use a pencil for diagrams. Students should not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue, or correction fluid. They should answer all questions and may use a calculator. A periodic table is provided on page 16. Students should show their working and use appropriate units or they may lose marks. At the end, fasten all work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question.
This document describes an experiment to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide. The combustion tube containing porcelain dish and oxide of copper is weighed before and after heating. The following data is obtained: mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish = 19.60 g, mass after adding oxide of copper = 25.68 g, mass after heating = 24.46 g. The student is asked to calculate the empirical formula of copper oxide using this data. Additional questions relate to the apparatus setup, chemical equation, and determining empirical formulas of other substances.
This document is a chemistry exam paper assessing knowledge of acids, bases and salts. It contains multiple choice and written response questions testing understanding of:
- Preparing soluble salts from insoluble bases and acids
- Properties of strong and weak acids
- Reactions of acids with metals, bases, carbonates and other salts
- Acid-base theories including proton transfer and pH
- Methods of salt preparation and properties of common oxides
This document reviews the use of non-metal doped titania for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under UV/visible light. It discusses how doping with non-metals like nitrogen can reduce the band gap of titania and enhance its visible light activity. Nitrogen doping of titania (N-TiO2) shows improved photocatalytic performance, and further modifications like noble metal deposition, co-doping, and coupling with other semiconductors can increase its efficiency. The mechanism of photocatalysis involves generation of electron-hole pairs, separation and transfer of charge carriers, and reactions of carriers with adsorbed pollutants.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It tells students to write their identification on all work, use blue or black pen with pencil for diagrams, and not to use staples, paper clips, etc. It lists the number of marks for each question. It provides a periodic table and instructions to fasten all work together at the end. It consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page for working.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It tells students to write their identification on all work, use blue or black pen with pencil for diagrams, and not to use staples, paper clips, etc. It lists the number of marks for each question. It provides a periodic table and instructions to fasten all work together at the end. It consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page for working.
17 water qp_-_igcse_cie_chemistry_-_extended_theory_paperyasminexxy1
This document contains 6 chemistry exam questions about water and air. The questions cover topics like chemical tests for water, water treatment processes, the water cycle, ozone in the atmosphere, air pollution, and reactions of different oxides with acids and bases. Students are required to describe, explain, state, name and complete equations. The test is designed to assess students' understanding of key concepts regarding water and air composition, properties and industrial/domestic applications.
This document contains an examination for the International General Certificate of Secondary Education in Physics. It consists of 10 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of various physics concepts. The exam is 1 hour and 15 minutes long and candidates are to answer all questions directly on the question paper provided. The paper covers topics such as mechanics, energy, waves, optics, electricity and magnetism, and radioactivity.
Similar to 12.2 acids bases_and_salts_qp_-_igcse_cie_chemistry_-_extended_theory_paper (20)
This document contains information about four experiments conducted to investigate the rate of reaction between solutions J and K and sulfuric acid at different temperatures. The key details are:
- Experiment 1 was conducted at room temperature and used as the baseline. Experiments 2-4 heated the mixture to increasing temperatures before adding solution K.
- The time taken for the mixtures to turn pale yellow was recorded.
- A line graph of time vs average temperature showed the rate of reaction increased with increasing temperature.
- Extrapolating the graph indicated a temperature of 60°C would yield a reaction time of around 15 seconds.
The document is a chemistry exam paper testing students' ability to identify ions and gases through laboratory tests. It describes tests carried out on various solid and liquid samples and asks students to identify the substances, describe observations, and draw conclusions. The paper tests knowledge of common chemical tests including flame tests, reactions of salts with acids and bases, and precipitation reactions to identify anion groups present. Students must analyze the provided data and apply their understanding of chemical reactions and properties to deduce the identities and nature of the unknown samples.
This document is a chemistry exam question paper that tests students' knowledge of types of oxides. It contains 16 multiple choice questions about classifying elements based on whether their oxides are acidic or basic, identifying properties of acidic and basic oxides, and predicting reactions of oxides with acids and bases. The questions cover topics like the positions of elements in the periodic table that relate to the acidity or basicity of their oxides, and common reactions of oxides like neutralization. The document also provides the grade boundaries for scoring the exam.
This document provides a chemistry exam on acids, bases and salts from the Cambridge International Examinations board. It contains 21 multiple choice questions testing understanding of concepts such as the preparation of salts from reactions between acids and bases or metal oxides. Students are asked about the purpose of steps in salt preparation procedures, the products and reagents of different salt forming reactions, and the equipment used. The document also provides the grade boundaries for the exam.
1. The document is a biology exam paper covering the topic of coordination and response. It contains 50 multiple choice questions testing students' understanding of topics like reflex arcs, hormones, homeostasis, and plant tropisms.
2. The questions cover a range of concepts in human physiology and plant biology including the eye, skin, circulatory and nervous systems, temperature regulation, tropic responses, and hormonal coordination.
3. Additional resources for students can be found at the website savemyexams.co.uk which provides GCSE and A level materials across multiple subjects.
1. The document is an exam paper on acids and bases for IGCSE Chemistry. It contains 31 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of acid-base reactions and properties.
2. The questions cover topics like the characteristic properties of acids and bases, pH scales, acid-base indicators, and reactions like neutralization and those that produce carbon dioxide or ammonia gas.
3. Sample questions identify acids and bases, interpret acid-base titration curves, and write balanced equations for acid-base reactions.
This document contains a 25 question biology exam on coordination and response. It tests students' understanding of topics like reflexes, homeostasis, the nervous and endocrine systems, plant tropisms, and human physiology. Diagrams of biological structures like the eye, neurons, and plant shoots accompany several questions. The exam is scored out of 25 marks and is designed to take 30 minutes to complete.
This document contains an excerpt from a biology exam on coordination and response. It includes several multiple choice and short answer questions testing understanding of topics like the nervous system, reflexes, plant tropisms, homeostasis, and glucose regulation. Diagrams are provided of biological systems like the mammalian nervous system, a reflex arc, seedling growth responses, human skin response to cold, the liver and associated blood vessels, and control of blood glucose concentration. Students are asked to label parts, describe processes, explain concepts, and perform basic calculations.
This document contains a biology exam paper on coordination and response. It includes multiple choice and short answer questions testing understanding of topics like sensitivity, voluntary vs involuntary actions, reflex arcs, hormones, and how the nervous and endocrine systems coordinate organs and responses in the body. The exam is for IGCSE level and contains 58 minutes worth of content divided into 4 sections with a total possible score of 48 marks.
The students use a starting pistol, stopwatch, and measuring tape to measure the speed of sound. One student fires the starting pistol while the other times how long it takes the sound to travel a known distance measured with the tape. They calculate the speed of sound by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken.
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This document provides the mark scheme for an International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) chemistry exam from May/June 2010. It shows teachers how to award marks to exam answers and serves as guidance, though alternative answers may be acceptable. The mark scheme details the requirements for each question on the exam paper and provides sample answers with marks allocated. CIE will not discuss or justify the mark scheme further.
This document is the mark scheme for the May/June 2010 International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) Chemistry exam. It provides guidance to teachers on how to award marks for exam questions. The mark scheme indicates the requirements to receive marks and shows the basis on which examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not discuss the examiners' meetings before marking began. CIE will not enter into discussions about the mark schemes. CIE is publishing mark schemes for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level, and Advanced Subsidiary Level exams from May/June 2010.
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This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It consists of 16 printed pages and covers topics like gases, hydrogen compounds, cobalt chloride, seawater compounds, fertilizers, metals and extraction, petroleum, and conductivity. Students are instructed to write their identification details on the paper and answer all questions in dark blue or black pen, using a pencil for diagrams. They should not use staples or correction fluid. The exam is 1 hour and 15 minutes long.
This document provides instructions for a chemistry exam. It tells students to write their identification information at the top, use dark ink or pencil for diagrams, and do not use staples or correction fluid. It lists the number of marks for each question. The exam contains 15 printed pages and 1 blank page. A periodic table is provided on page 16. Students should answer all questions and fasten their work together at the end.
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This document contains a mark scheme for an International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) chemistry exam. It provides guidance for teachers on how to award marks for students' answers. The mark scheme shows the requirements for earning marks, but does not discuss alternative answers that may also be acceptable. It should be read along with the exam question papers and exam report. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about the mark scheme. The mark scheme then provides details on how marks were allocated to sample questions and student responses for various concepts in chemistry.
This document consists of 16 printed pages containing a chemistry exam with multiple choice questions. The exam tests knowledge of chemistry concepts including the periodic table, chemical reactions, and properties of substances. It provides answer choices for students to select during the exam.
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1. Physical and Chemical
Changes
Question Paper 2
Level IGCSE
ExamBoard CIE
Topic Chemical Reactions
Sub-Topic
Paper (Extended) Theory
Booklet Question Paper 2
82 minutes
/ 68
TimeAllowed:
Score:
Percentage: /100
Subject Chemistry
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2. 1 One way of establishing a reactivity series is by displacement reactions.
(a) A series of experiments was carried out using the metals lead, magnesium, zinc and silver.
Each metal was added in turn to aqueous solutions of the metal nitrates.
The order of reactivity was found to be:
magnesium most reactive
zinc
↓lead
silver least reactive
(i) Complete the table.
= reacts
= does not react
metal
aqueous
solution
lead
Pb
magnesium
Mg
zinc
Zn
silver
Ag
lead(II)
nitrate
magnesium
nitrate
zinc
nitrate
silver
nitrate
[3]
(ii) Displacement reactions are redox reactions.
On the following equation, draw a ring around the reducing agent and an arrow to show
the change which is oxidation.
Zn + Pb2+
→ Zn2+
+ Pb
[2]
(iii) Complete the following ionic equation.
Zn + 2Ag+
→ ....... + .......
[1]
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3. (b) Another way of determining the order of reactivity of metals is by measuring the voltage and
polarity of simple cells. The polarity of a cell is shown by which metal is the positive electrode
and which metal is the negative electrode. An example of a simple cell is shown below.
zinc electrodelead electrode
electrolyte of
dilute acid
voltmeter
+ –
V
(i) Mark on the above diagram the direction of the electron flow. [1]
(ii) Explain, in terms of electron transfer, why the more reactive metal is always the negative
electrode.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) The following table gives the polarity of cells using the metals zinc, lead, copper and
manganese.
cell electrode 1 polarity electrode 2 polarity
A zinc – lead +
B manganese – lead +
C copper + lead –
What information about the order of reactivity of these four metals can be deduced from
the table?
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iv) What additional information is needed to establish the order of reactivity of these four
metals using cells?
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 12]
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4. 2 Sulfuric acid and malonic acid are both dibasic acids. One mole of a dibasic acid can form
two moles of hydrogen ions.
H2SO4 → 2H+
+ SO4
2–
Dibasic acids can form salts of the type Na2X and CaX.
(a) Malonic acid is a white crystalline solid which is soluble in water. It melts at 135°C.
The structural formula of malonic acid is given below. It forms salts called malonates.
CH2(COOH)2 or HOOC–CH2 –COOH
(i) How could you determine if a sample of malonic acid is pure?
technique used ..........................................................................................................
result if pure ......................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) What is the molecular formula of malonic acid?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) When malonic acid is heated there are two products, carbon dioxide and a simpler
carboxylic acid. Deduce the name and molecular formula of this acid.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(iv) Malonic acid reacts with ethanol to form a colourless liquid which has a ‘fruity’ smell.
Its structural formula is given below.
C C
O
O
O
O
CH2
CH2 CH3CH3 CH2
What type of compound contains the group which is circled?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
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5. (b) (i) Suggest why a solution of malonic acid, concentration 0.2mol/dm3
, has a higher pH
than one of sulfuric acid of the same concentration.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Describe a test, other than measuring pH, which can be carried out on both acid
solutions to confirm the explanation given in (b)(i) for the different pH values of the
two acids.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Complete the following equations for reactions of these two acids.
(i) sodium hydroxide + malonic acid → .................... + .................... [1]
....................
(ii) CuO + H2SO4 → .................... + .................... [2]
(iii) Mg + CH2(COOH)2 → .................... + .................... [2]
(iv) K2CO3 + H2SO4 → .................... + .................... + .................... [2]
[Total: 16]
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6. 3 Silver(I) chromate(VI) is an insoluble salt. It is prepared by precipitation.
20cm3
of aqueous silver(I) nitrate, concentration 0.2mol/dm3
, was mixed with 20cm3
of
aqueous potassium chromate(VI), concentration 0.1mol/dm3
. After stirring, the mixture was
filtered. The precipitate was washed several times with distilled water. The precipitate was
then left in a warm oven for several hours.
2AgNO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → Ag2CrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
(a) What difficulty arises if the name of a compound of a transition element does not include
its oxidation state, for example iron oxide?
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) These questions refer to the preparation of the salt.
(i) Why is it necessary to filter the mixture after mixing and stirring?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) What is the purpose of washing the precipitate?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) Why leave the precipitate in a warm oven?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(c)c) Explain why the concentrations of silver(I) nitrate and potassium chromate(VI) are
different.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) What mass of silver(I) nitrate is needed to prepare 100cm3
of silver(I) nitrate solution,
concentration 0.2mol/dm3
?
The mass of one mole of AgNO3 is 170g.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(iii) What is the maximum mass of silver(I) chromate(VI) which could be obtained from
20cm3
of aqueous silver(I) nitrate, concentration 0.2mol/dm3
?
number of moles of AgNO3 used = ..................... [1]
number of moles of Ag2CrO4 formed = ..................... [1]
mass of one mole of Ag2CrO4 = 332g
mass Ag2of CrO4 formed = ..................... g [1]
[Total: 11]
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7. 4 Three ways of making salts are
● titration using a soluble base or carbonate
● neutralisation using an insoluble base or carbonate
● precipitation.
(a) Complete the following table of salt preparations.
method reagent 1 reagent 2 salt
titration ...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
sodium nitrate
neutralisation nitric acid ...................................
...................................
copper(II) nitrate
precipitation ...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
silver(I) chloride
neutralisation sulfuric acid zinc(II) carbonate ...................................
...................................
[6]
(b)b) Write an ionic equation with state symbols for the preparation of silver(I) chloride.
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Complete the following equation.
ZnCO3
+ H2
SO4
→ ............... + ............... + ...............
[2]
[Total: 10]
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8. 5 A length of magnesium ribbon was added to 50 cm3
of sulfuric acid, concentration
1.0mol/dm3
. The time taken for the magnesium to react was measured. The experiment was
repeated with the same volume of different acids. In all these experiments, the acid was in
excess and the same length of magnesium ribbon was used.
(a)
experiment acid
concentration
in mol/dm3 time/s
A sulfuric acid 1.0 20
B propanoic acid 0.5 230
C hydrochloric acid 1.0 40
D hydrochloric acid 0.5 80
(i) Write these experiments in order of reaction speed. Give the experiment with the
fastest speed first.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Give reasons for the order you have given in (i).
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [5]
(b) Suggest two changes to experiment C which would increase the speed of the reaction
and explain why the speed would increase. The volume of the acid, the concentration of
the acid and the mass of magnesium used were kept the same.
change 1 ...........................................................................................................................
explanation .......................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
change 2 ...........................................................................................................................
explanation .......................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [5]
[Total: 11]
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9. 6 Ethylamine, CH3
–CH2
–NH2
, is a base which has similar properties to ammonia.
(a) In aqueous ethylamine, there is the following equilibrium.
CH3
–CH2
–NH2
+ H2
O CH3
–CH2
–NH3
+
+ OH–
Explain why water is behaving as an acid in this reaction.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Given aqueous solutions of ethylamine and sodium hydroxide, describe how you could
show that ethylamine is a weak base like ammonia and not a strong base like sodium
hydroxide.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) Ethylamine, like ammonia, reacts with acids to form salts.
CH3
–CH2
–NH2
+ HCl → CH3
–CH2
–NH3
Cl
ethylammonium chloride
Suggest how you could displace ethylamine from the salt, ethylammonium chloride.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
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10. (d) Explain the chemistry of the following reaction:
When aqueous ethylamine is added to aqueous iron(III) chloride, a brown precipitate is
formed.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
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