http://www.fao.org/partnerships/leap/en/ The FeedPrint database is a Life Cycle Inventory data repository of feed products whose accounting stretches from “cradle” to the entry gate of farms. This presentation provides an overview of the carbon footprinting methodology building blocks underpinning this Dutch database. This presentation does not necessarily represent FAO’s views, positions, strategies or opinions. © Wageningen UR: http://www.wageningenur.nl/en.htm © Blonk Milieu Advies

1. FeedPrint
Carbon Footprint Animal Nutrition
Theun Vellinga, Wageningen UR Livestock Research
Hans Blonk, Blonk Milieu Advies
A database and calculation tool of the feed production chain
to calculate GHG emissions by using LCA

3. Scope of the FeedPrint project
Strategic goals:
 awareness of and insight in GHG emissions
 production chain of animal feed and from feed utilization;
 identify potential mitigation options
 not meant for use in carbon labelling !!
Operational goals:
 Elaborate methodology: scientific sound, international alignment
 Develop robust database
 Develop calculation tool including animal nutrition
 Methodology, database and tool are public available

4. Use of the CFP calculation tool “Feedprint”
 Main users:
 Compound feed industry and their suppliers
 Main applications:
 Strategic management
 Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
 International alignment and application
 FAO, FEFAC, IDF, JRC, SCP-RT,...

5. Relationship FeedPrint and FAO/FEFAC
projectFeedPrint NL
Database
Cultivation
Processing
Feed mill
Calculation CFP
Till Feed Intake
Calculation CFP
Feed Intake/
Nutrition/farm
FPUpstreamDown
stream
FeedPrint FAO/FEFAC
Database
Cultivation
(Processing)
(Feed mill)
Calculation CFP
Till Feed Intake
FPUpstream

6. Life Cycle Assessment in agricultural
systems ISO and others define basic LCA principles:
 System Borders/Functional Units/Allocation rules
 Agricultural systems are complex:
 biological processes
 diffuse sources, many (small) holdings
 simulation models and calculation rules required
 Data requirement and collection issues:
 Process data, not (only) statistic outputs
 Variation between farmers, locations and time

7. Modelling biological processes
 2006 IPCC Guidelines
 Emission factors N2O, CH4
 N from crop residues
• Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
– Chapter 10: livestock and manure management
– Chapter 11: nitrous oxide emissions from managed soils
– Enteric fermentation cattle: based on accepted Tier 3 (NIR)

8. LUC factor (All sectors and countries are
linked)
 Total CO2e emission by LUC
 5.8 Gt per year
• (Ramankutty et al., 2007; Houghton, 2010)
 Total agricultural land use from FAOstat (2008):
 4.9 * 106 hectare
 Emissions per ha :
 1180 kg CO2-equivalents per ha per year
 Emissions per kg:
 1 000 kg/ha: 1.18 kg CO2e per kg
 10 000 kg/ha: 0.118 kg CO2e per kg

9. Data in all kinds
Background processes:
• Energy production/ transport means/
capital goods/ chemicals
Foreground processes:
• Cultivation
• Industrial processing
• Compund feed production
• Transport
• Feed utilization
Default data
Ecoinvent, International Energy
Agency
Default data
Specific data

10. Required data
Crops Transp Processing Transp Feed mill
Emission kg CO2eq Data (average and distribution)
CO2fossil 1 fossil MJ and kg CO2e-MJ
CO2biogene 0 not calculated (+1 en -1)
CH4 25 measurement or according IPCC & NIR
N2O 298 calculated according IPCC based on N fluxes
Land use change:
m2*year 0.118
FramTransp

11. Data analysis and interpretation
Multiple values, expert judgement:
• Pedigree matrix (Ecoinvent) used in decisions on average
values
• Confidentiality interval, uncertainty for all data
• Uniform, normal , lognormal or triangular distribution
• Monte Carlo simulation for limited set of data
Lack of data:
• standard procedure for defaults, e.g. MEXALCA

12. Allocation in processing and livestock production
 Preferred approach in feed: economic allocation
 Other options available: mass, gross energy
 Show embedded (allocated) emissions
 What enters “your” link in the chain
 What is the contribution of your link
 Allocation is only shifting emissions, it does not
change emissions.

13. Primary products
Primary product
NL
Germany
France
Belgium
UK
Poland
Finland
Ukraine
Denmark
Estonia
Lithuania
Latvia
Hungary
SAmerica
Australia
N
America
Asia
Barley X X X X X
Oats X X X X X X X X X
Corn X X X X X
Rye X X X X X X X X X
Wheat X X X X X
Triticale X X X X
Legumes X X X X X
Sugar beet X X X X X X
Sugar cane X X
Potatoes X X
Cassava X

14. Primary products
Primary product
NL
Germany
France
Belgium
UK
Poland
Finland
Ukraine
Denmark
Estonia
Lithuania
Latvia
Hungary
SAmerica
Australia
N
America
Asia
Rapeseed X X X X X X
Linseed X X X X X X
Oil palm X
Soy X X
Sunflower X X X X X
Grass fresh X
Grass silage X
Maize silage X
Lucerne X
Milk powder X X X X X X
Whey X X X X X X
Animal products X X X X X
Fish products X X X

15. Data collection plant raw materials
 Yield (kg/ha) and dry matter content
 Nutrients: N, P, K, energy (GE, ME, NE)
 Crop residues
 Inputs:
 Synthetic fertilizer (N, P, K)
 Manure
 Pesticides
 Seeds
 Energy for cultivation (direct/indirect) and storage
 Land Use and Land Use Change (LULUC)

16. Industrial processing
 Milling, wet and dry: grains, potatoes
 Crushing: pressing, extraction: oil seeds
 Sugar refinery: beet and cane
 Biofuel production: maize, wheat
 Rendering: animal products
 Artificial drying: whey, milk powder, roughages
 Energy inputs, use of auxiliaries

17. Processing plant and animal products
Product in:
Mass
Dry matter
C, N, P
= 100
Co product 1 out:
Mass, DM, C, N, P, GE, €
Co products total out:
Mass, DM, C, N, P
= 100
€total
Co product 2 out:
Mass, DM, C, N, P, GE, €
Co product n out:
Mass, DM, C, N, P, GE, €
Processing
(split up in
1 – 4 sub
processes)

18. Mitigation options, a protocol at sector level
 FeedPrint contains secondary, default, data,
 A protocol describes:
 when to use secondary data
 when to collect additional primary activity data
 how to account for them
 Basic principle:
 communication on improved performance
must be based on primary activity data

20. Thank you for listening