2. The Annales School -> a group of historians associated with a
style of historiography developed by
French historians in the 20th century to
stress long-term social history
Historiography -> The writing of history
Social History -> Broad branch of history that studies
the experiences of ordinary people
in the past.
3. Named after its scholarly journal Annales d'histoire
économique et sociale (French academic journal about
social history)
Main source of scholarships, books and monographs
Highly influential in setting the agenda for
historiography in France
Regards the uses of social scientific methods by
historians
Emphasizing social > political or diplomatical themes.
4. Time: Late medieval and early modern Europe
(before French Revolution)
Influences historians in other parts of the world
(Europe, Latin America)
5. Founded by: Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre in1929
(Both were teaching at University of Strasbourg,
France)
Uses: Geography, History and Sociological approaches
Aim: to turn French historians away from the narrowly
political and diplomatic toward the new vistas in social and
economic history
6. Developed by the Annales School
Critique the existing historical methodology
turned attention away from political history towards
a macro-historical analysis of societies over long time-
periods
Involved a lot of historians (Maurice Halbwachs,
André Siegfried, Fernand Braudel, etc)
examined the interaction between geographical
environment, material culture, and society
7. TOTAL HISTORY GENERAL HISTORY
Generalizes phenomena of a period with continuity
focus.
Looks for ‘big men’ or ‘big events’
Sees history as a linear way, as a straight line Sees of moments in history with particular
meaning and of emergence
‘Total’ means cover every aspects as they naturally
develops like things were a plan
‘General’ means only when the events touches the
need to understand why, where and under which
circumstances historical events emerged
Eg: Fundamental idea in Marxism Eg: 1953 flood of Zeeland (Netherland)
