Indian mandalas originate from a central dot symbolizing a seed or drop, and represent both outer and inner spaces. They appear as a series of concentric circles with lines intersecting to create triangular and quadrilateral geometric patterns, at the center of which lies a deity. Contemporary mandalas explored in the text include the visual artwork of Venezuelan artist Venuz White, who uses concentric circles as the main element, and Colombian installation artist Maria Fernanda Cardoso, who works with mandala structure using dissected animals.