100 most cited articles in urban green and open spaces

Preprint of: Rakhshandehroo, M., Yusof, M. J. M., Ale Ebrahim, N., Sharghi, A., & Arabi, R. (2015). 100 Most Cited Articles in Urban Green and
Open Spaces: A Bibliometric Analysis. Current World Environment, 10(2). Retrieved from http://www.cwejournal.org/?p=12548
100 Most Cited Articles in Urban Green and Open Spaces: A
Bibliometric Analysis
Mehdi Rakhshandehroo1
, Mohd Johari Mohd Yusof 1*
, Nader Ale Ebrahim2
, Ali Sharghi3
,
Roozbeh Arabi1
1
Faculty of Design and Architecture, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
2
Centre for Research Services, Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (IPPP),
University Of Malaya, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
(SRTTU), Teheran, Iran.
Correspondence Author Email: mrakhshandehroo@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Researchers have contributed significantly to the development of the subject of urban green and
open spaces (UGOS) in both practical and fundamental aspects. As the number of citations
indicates a paper and author’s competency, the online web of science (ISI) was browsed to
identify the 100 most cited papers in the field of UGOS from 1980 to 2013. Papers were
analyzed for authorship, journal sources, publishers, institutions, countries, year of publication,
categories, and author keywords. The total number of citations was compared to the average
number of citations per year. From 1105 UGOS papers returned, the maximum number of
citations was 212. The top 100 most cited were published from 1988 to 2011, with the majority
in 2007. A remarkable distinction was found in the comparison of total citations and average
citations per year. As total linear trend indicates a significant growth in influential articles, urban
green and open spaces are a developing subject in landscape and urban planning. This study
gives an insight into the readership of UGOS by highlighting key papers.
Keywords:
Open space; green space; citations; landscape; urban planning; bibliometric
Copy the following to cite this URL:
Rakhshandehroo M, Yusof M. J. M, Ebrahim N. A, Sharghi A, Arabi R. 100 Most
Cited Articles in Urban Green and Open Spaces: A Bibliometric Analysis. Curr World
Environ 2015;10(2). Available from: http://www.cwejournal.org/?p=12548

Introduction
In the context of urban studies, a great number of terms and definitions refer to “urban green and
open space” (UGOS) such as open space, green space, public space, and urban greenery. Parks
and public gardens, as the most well-known UGOS, are associated with amenity green spaces,
having a high quality of landscape design and maintenance. On the other hand, experimental
green spaces are often referred to as green feel, which users consciously or unconsciously
experience within a certain area. Therefore, the constitution of UGOS varies among different
groups of people, for example, between citizens and researchers, where human influences
convert natural areas into urban areas, as UGOS is a reflection of human demand for greenery.
They can vary from a simple playing field to natural landscape or highly maintained environment
and are mostly provided with open access to public, although they may be privately owned.
For the purpose of this study UGOS contains all types of public or private open spaces in urban
areas which are completely or mostly covered with vegetation. Water bodies such as rivers,
streams and lakes are included but not all green areas outside urban borders. Furthermore, these
UGOS play a key role to improve the environment through landscape enhancement, better air
quality, and noise reduction, which result in the enhancement of well being and quality of
citizens’ life (1); (2).
As a type of biblometric method, citation indices trace the references in a published paper (3). It
exhibits how many times a specific article has been cited in other articles (4). The avenues to
evaluate citation tracking have been significantly raised in the past years (3, 5). The frequency of
citation of the publication is assumed to display the impact of the publication, but not essentially
their quality (6). Evidently, citation count alone is not sufficient to provide a complete criteria
for judging scientific paper quality, in particular when there exist numerous mechanisms to boost
the citation of a paper (7, 8).It should be added that rather than alternative metrics, citations
remain a main indicator of the importance of a research output (9-11).
In this study, top-cited articles (12), classic papers (13), top publications (14) or most frequently
cited articles (15) in different categories related to UGOS have been studied (16). For a long time
now, bibliometric studies have been widely applied to evaluate research papers by measuring
scientific preferences (for example, Saracevi & Perk, 1973) and different aspects have been
studied such as: annual publication outputs, authors, language, categories, journals, publishers,
contributing institutes, and countries, and keywords (17). This study not only evaluates the
publication characteristics: language, annual publications, countries, and institutional
contributions, and Web of Science categories, but also evaluates researchers’ trends and
emphasis by analyzing author keywords in UGOS topic. The result shows the top-cited articles
in the field of UGOS.
Methods and Materials
The Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) in 1962 launched the Science Citation Index for
scientific journals in a consistent and systematic manner in order to measure citation numbers. A
paper quality is best recognized by citation count (18). According to the number of times a paper
has been cited by other authors, the scientific impact of that paper, author, or journal can be

evaluated (19). In this bibliometric research, we analyze citation indices to determine the key
papers in urban green and open spaces.
The data utilized in this research were derived from the online Web of Science (the Tomson
Reuters) on 29 August 2014. In order to find proper keywords an email survey was conducted,
with 30 emails sent to experts as respondents and relevant keywords of UGOS investigated.
Collected data were analyzed qualitatively and extracted keywords applied to search top articles
from Web of Science core collection in terms of topic (including four sections: title, abstract,
author keywords, and keyword plus) within the publication year limited to the period from 1980
to 2013, indices: SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, these keywords were
searched: (“green space*”), (greenspace*), (“urban space*” AND green*), (“urban space*” AND
open), (“open space*”), (“green infrastructure*” AND Urban), (“public space*”) or (“urban
green*” NOT greenhouse). A total of 9,058 publications met the selection criteria. However,
these publications contained some documents not closely related to UGOS, therefore the
result was refined by Web of Science Categories: Urban Studies. A total of 1,105 documents
were therefore determined.
Citation statistics produced for a time frame shorter than three years may not be sufficiently
stable (20, 21). Therefore, the documents from 2012 to 2014 were put aside. Furthermore, since
the target of the data collection is the 100 most-cited articles most relevant to UGOS and, all
1105 documents were arranged according citations, and their abstracts studied. From 139 first
documents, 39 which were not specific to UGOS were excluded, to reach 100 most cited articles
that were analyzed statistically by Microsoft Excel. The details of the data collection process are
illustrated in Fig.1.
Figure 1: Data collection process to search UGOS related
researches
Click here to View figure
Figure 2: Number of papers per year
Click here to View figure

Results and Discussion
Paper and authors’ citations
Table 1, presents the list of 100 most-cited papers in urban green and open spaces that give an
idea of readership. The paper by Chiesura (22), which explains the role of urban parks in a
sustainable city, appears to be the most important, with a total of 212 citations. The nearest
competitor is a literature review (23) about promoting the ecosystem and human health by using
green infrastructure in urban areas, with a total of 183 citations. Besides that, the first and third
top cited articles are review papers. These results are on the corresponding general belief that
review articles had the highest number of citations (24, 25).
Table 1: Top 100 article in urban green and open spaces (UGOS)
R First Author No. R First Author No. R First Author No.
1 Chiesura, 2004 212 35 Jim, 2003 61 66 Eliasson, 2007 41
2 Tzoulas, 2007 183 36 Barbosa, 2007 58 66 Fabos, 2004 41
3 Burgess, 1988 140 36 Colding, 2007 58 66 Jorgensen, 2002 41
4 Luttik, 2000 119 36 Breuste, 2004 58 71 Grahn, 2010 40
5 Valentine, 1996 118 36 Van, 2003 58 72 Sandstrom, 2006 38
6 Ruddick, 1996 108 40 Kong, 2006 57 72 Khakee, 2006 38
7 Pauleit, 2005 101 40 Cook, 2002 57 72 Breffle, 1998 38
8 Tratalos, 2007 98 42 James, 2009 55 75 Daniels, 1991 37
9 Whitford, 2001 97 42 Chang, 2007 55 76 Comber, 2008 36
10 Bengston, 2004 95 44 Carles, 1999 54 77 Troy, 2008 35
11
Tyrvainen,
2007
85 45 Gunnarsson 2007 53 77 Tajima, 2003 35
11
Tyrvainen,
1997
85 45 Walsh, 2007 53 77 Linehan, 1995 35
13 Bowler, 2010 80 45 Shafer, 2000 53 80 Balram, 2005 34
14
Thompson,
2002
79 45 Southworth, 1997 53 80 Daniels, 2005 34
15 Anderson, 2006 78 49 Sousa, 2003 52 80 Arendt, 2004 34
15 Jackson, 2003 78 50 Jim, 2004 51 80 Bondi, 1998 34
15
Tyrvainen,
1998
78 51 Jim, 2006a 50 84 Lyytimaki, 2009 32
18 Yeoh, 1998 77 52 Gill, 2008 49 84 Maruani, 2007 32
19 Atkinson, 2003 76 53 Shultz, 2001 48 86 Dobbs, 2011 31
19 Zerbe, 2003 76 54 Banerjee, 2001 47 87 Nagendra, 2010 30
21 Morancho, 74 55 Flores, 1998 46 87 Gordon, 2009 30

2003
22
Sandstrom,
2006
73 56 Allen, 2006 45 87 Nordh, 2009 30
22 Wolch, 2005 73 56 Ozguner, 2006 45 87 Haire, 2000 30
24 Mathieu, 2007 72 58 Hamin, 2009 44 91 Jorgensen, 2007 29
24 Heynen, 2006 72 58 Gobster, 2004 44 91 Zhang, 2006 29
26 Kong, 2007 70 58 Goss, 1996 44 93
Zhang & Wang,
2006
28
27
Matsuoka,
2008
68 61 (Buijs, 2009) 43 93 Walmsley, 2006 28
28 Jim, 2006b 66 61
(Lafortezza,
2009)
43 93 Kim, 2005 28
28 Acharya, 2001 66 61 (Julier, 2005) 43 93 Kuhn, 2003 28
28 Soule, 1991 66 61 (Mortberg, 2000) 43 93
Schmelzkopf,
200
28
31 Li, 2005 65 65 (Varsanyi, 2008) 42 93 Johnston, 1997 28
32 Irwin, 2004 64 66 (Jim, 2009) 41 99
Schipperijn,
2010
27
32 Hess, 2002 64 66 (Schilling, 2008) 41 99
Loukaitousideris,
1995
27
34 Gobster, 2001 62
The top 100 papers were published between 1988 and 2011 (Fig 2). During this period the
number of papers increased consistently from 1 to 5. This number remained unchanged between
2000 and 2002. The trend is unsteady until the two years of 2006 and 2007 which showed the
highest number of top-cited papers with 11 and 13 instances. The citation rate gradually
decreased over the years that followed. This reduction over the last few years would seem
logical because citation of scientific papers normally starts one or two years after publication
and reaches peak after about 10 years (26). All in all, total linear trend indicates an increasing
consideration for UGOS.
Table 2 ranks the authors according the total citations they have received. It also demonstrates
the two top cited articles for each author. Jim, CY with 269 citations is placed first, followed by
Tyrvainen, L with 248 and after him Ennos, AR obtained with 247 citations.
While our top 100 papers have 226 authors, only 20 authors wrote more than one article (see
Table 3). Jim, CY is the highest ranked with five publications and a total of 269 citations which
contain one paper with single author and four papers as first author. Tyrvainen, L; Pauleit, S;
Chen, WY; Ennos, R and Handley, JF each contributed three papers. According to Table 2,
single authors (Jim, CY; Tyrvainen, L and Kong, FH) published only three articles.

Table 2: The first 10 authors with the most citations
Rank Author
Number of
publications
Total
citations
First
article
citations
Second
article
citations
1 Jim, CY 5 269 66 61
2 Tyrvainen, L 3 248 85 85
3 Ennos, AR 3 247 101 97
4 Niemela, J 2 238 183 55
5
Hitchmough,
J
2 238 183 55
6 Chiesura, A 1 212 212 0
7 Jorgensen, A 2 201 97 55
8 Chen, WY 3 157 66 50
9 Davies, RG 2 156 98 58
10 Fuller, RA 2 156 98 58
Table 3: Authors with 2 publications and more
Rank Author
Number of
publications
Single
Author
First
Author
Collaborative
Authors
1 Jim, CY 5 1 4 4
2 Tyrvainen, L 3 1 2 2
3 Pauleit, S 3 __ 1 2
4 Chen, WY 3 __ __ 3
4 Ennos, R 3 __ __ 3
4 Handley, JF 3 __ __ 3
7 Gobster, PH 2 1 1 1
8 Kong, FH 2 __ 2 2
8 Jorgensen, A 2 __ 2 2
8
Sandstrom,
UG
2 __ 2 2
11 Angelstam, P 2 __ __ 2
11 Niemela, J 2 __ __ 2
11
Zipperer,
WC
2 __ __ 2
11 Davies, RG 2 __ __ 2
11 Nakagoshi, N 2 __ __ 2

11 Fuller, RA 2 __ __ 2
11 Gaston, KJ 2 __ __ 2
11
Hitchmough,
J
2 __ __ 2
11 Korpela, K 2 __ __ 2
11
Stigsdotter,
UK
2 __ __ 2
Journal Sources and Publishers
Results showed that these papers were published in 16 journals. The most popular journal was
Landscape and Urban Planning with a total of 62 citations. This is more than nine times the
citation number of its nearest competitor. Seven papers were published in the journal of Urban
Geography and six in both journals of J AM Planning Assoc. Total citations and also impact
factor of each journal were extracted from the website of the Journal Citation Report on
5/10/2014 and presented in Table 4. The journal impact factor is one of the most important
measures that indicate the journal’s significance within the related fields (27).The impact factor
was first introduced by Garfield and Sher (1963) and has been widely applied to evaluate and
rank journals (17). According to Table 4, the average impact factor is 1.46 which indicates the
majority of these papers were published in the journals with high impact factors. Therefore, in
order to attain a high number of citations, it is essential to publish papers in the English language
as it appears to be a unique literary language used in UGOS and also to choose a high impact
factor journal, which is advanced in science and continued development (28).
Table 5 shows the publishers of 100 top articles. From all of the publishers, Elsevier Science BV
individually published 64% of papers and the other 15 publishers only contributed to 36% of
papers.
Table 4: Journal source
Journal Source
Number
of Papers
Rank
Total
Citations
Impact
Factor
Landscape and urban
planning
62 1 6203 2.606
Urban geography 7 2 923 1.746
Journal of the American
planning association
6 3 1725 1.489
URBAN studies 6 3 4896 1.33
URBAN FORESTRY &
URBAN greening
5 5 821 2.133
Journal of real estate
finance and economics
2 6 1103 0.697

REGIONAL SCIENCE
AND URBAN economics
2 6 1579 0.971
Cities 2 6 1296 1.836
Journal of urban
economics
1 9 3094 1.888
HOUSING studies 1 9 1038 0.895
URBAN AFFAIRS
review
1 9 1019 1.293
Journal of urban
technology
1 9 155 0.729
HABITAT international 1 9 1051 1.577
Journal of planning
education and research
1 9 815 1.383
Journal of planning
literature
1 9 408 1.522
Journal of urban affairs 1 9 673 1.298
Table 5: Publishers
Rank Publisher
Number of
Papers
1 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV 64
2 V H WINSTON & SON INC 6
3
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER
VERLAG
5
4 AMER PLANNING ASSOC 4
4 CARFAX PUBL CO 4
6
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR &
FRANCIS LTD
2
6 ROUTLEDGE TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD 2
6 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC 2
6 ELSEVIER SCI LTD 2
6 KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL 2
6 AMER PLANNING ASSN 2
12 ASSOC COLLEGIATE SCH PLANNING 1
12 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD 1
12 CARFAX PUBLISHING 1
12
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER
SCIENCE
1

12 BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS 1
Countries and Institutes
The result shows that most of the papers originated from 22 countries, with the majority
originating from the USA [37] followed by UK [19]. Table 6 shows the countries that have at
least two papers. Previous authors have hypothesized that American authors are biased toward
locally published papers when citing references (29) which may possibly explain our findings. If
continents are analyzed, 40 papers come from Europe, 39 from North America and 21 from Asia
Pacific (Table 6).
Table 6: Number of publication of countries which have two or more publications
Country Number of publications Rank
USA 37 1
UK 19 2
Sweden 7 3
China 7 3
Finland 4 5
Australia 3 6
Netherlands 3 6
Denmark 2 8
Canada 2 8
Spain 2 8
Germany 2 8
Japan 2 8
The result also shows that from 80 universities and institutions that published top papers, 68 have
merely a single paper and the others contributed two papers or more as shown in Table 7.
University of Sheffield and University of Hong Kong are the most fruitful with five papers
followed by US Forest Serv. and University of Massachusetts with three papers.
Table 7: Number of publication of institute which have two or more publications
Rank University
Number of
publications
1 Univ Sheffield 5
1 Univ Hong Kong 5

3 Us Forest Serv 3
3 Univ Massachusetts 3
5 Univ Manchester 2
5 Hiroshima Univ 2
5 Univ Salford 2
5 Univ Colorado 2
5 Arizona State Univ 2
5 Univ So Calif 2
5 Univ Joensuu 2
5 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr 2
Document Types and Categories
The distribution of document types identified by ISI was analyzed. These papers consist of four
document types, and articles are dominant with 83 documents, followed by review articles (9);
Proceedings Papers [7] and editorial materials [1]. The distribution related to the language of the
articles also was analyzed and all these papers are published in English (Table 7).
Regarding Web of Science categories (Table 8) all papers are categorized under urban studies
because of the refinement during data collection. Environmental studies [77] and geography [69]
are in the second and third ranks. This result indicates most papers are considered under two or
more categories.
Table 8: Web of science categories
Rank Web of Science categories Number of papers
1 Urban Studies 100
2 Environmental Studies 77
3 Geography 69
4 Ecology 62
4 Geography, Physical 62
6 Planning & Development 9
7 Forestry 5
7 Economics 5
7 Plant Sciences 5
10 Business, Finance 2
Author keyword

In recent years, bibliometric analysis of author keywords has been able to provide a reasonably
sophisticated picture of the papers’ subjects (17). In order to illuminate research trends,
frequency of author keywords should be analyzed quantitatively (table 9). Keywords according
to the authors’ views were used not more than 19 times (green space*) which indicated that
UGOS papers have involved a wide range of research focuses and diverse scientific literature.
Except the author’s keywords “green space”, “open space” and “urban green space” related to
the searching keywords, three most frequently applied author keywords are: “urban
planning”[10], “urban park*”[6] and “land use”[6]. On the other hand, all of these key words are
collocations of two or three words, therefore they have been separated and analyzed for the
second round and this time the frequency of the first key word was urban [71].
Table 9: The most frequently used author keywords
No Keywords
Number
of
repetitions
Rank
Separated
Keywords
Number
of
repetitions
Rank
1 green space* 19 1 urban 71 1
2
urban
planning
10 2 planning 32 2
3 open space* 7 3 green 31 3
4 urban park* 6 4 space* 30 4
5
urban green
space*
6 4 landscape 20 5
6 land use 6 4 City* 20 5
7 urban forest 5 7 land 17 7
8 urban ecology 4 8 environment* 16 8
9 public health 4 8 ecology* 16 8
10 compact city 3 10 value* 15 10
11
environmental
psychology
3 10 nature* 11 11
12
Green
Infrastructure
3 10 ecosystem* 11 11
13 urban forestry 3 10 conservation 10 13
14
Urban
biodiversity
3 10 open 9 14
15
ecosystem
services
3 10 hedonic 9 14
16
landscape
ecology
3 10 greenway* 9 14
17
landscape
metrics
3 10 public 8 17
18 Contingent 3 10 Design 8 17

valuation
19 park* 8 17
Study Limitation
It should be noted that this study has some methodological limitations. Firstly, we applied online
ISI web of knowledge, so the papers not indexed in this database are ignored. Secondly, all
journals have specific approaches to reject or accept submitted manuscripts; therefore the
particular journals which have stricter selection criteria may affect the quality of their
publications. That is why 62% of 100 top cited articles have been found in one article. Thirdly,
citation count might encounter some problems such as authors’ preference for self-citation, or
cite free full access articles, review papers, well known authors, papers by colleagues as well as
cite papers from the journal they are going to submit their work to. Finally, publication year
influences citation index and the number of citations for each paper; therefore recent papers do
not have sufficient time to reach a high citation rate in comparison with older ones.
Table 10: Comparison of average number of citations per year and total citation
Document Title
Year
Published
Total
citations
citation
per
year
Rank
for total
citations
Rank
for
citation
per
year
Promoting
ecosystem and
human health in
urban areas using
green
infrastructure: a
literature review.
2007 183 26.14 2 1
The role of urban
parks for a
sustainable city.
2004 212 21.20 1 2
Urban greening to
cool town and
cities: a systematic
review of the
empirical evidence.
2010 80 20.00 13 3
Urban form,
biodiversity
potential and
ecosystem services
2007 98 14.00 8 4
Tools for mapping 2007 85 12.14 11 5

social values of
urban woodlands
and green areas
People needs in the
urban landscape:
Analysis of
Landscape and
Urban Planning
contributions
2008 68 11.33 27 6
Modeling the
environmental
impacts of urban
land use and land
cover change – a
study in
Merseyside, UK
2005 101 11.22 7 7
Toward an
integrated
understanding of
green space in
European built
environment.
2009 55 11.00 42 8
A framework for
developing urban
forest ecosystem
services and good
indicators.
2011 31 10.33 86 9
Mapping private
gardens in urban
areas using object-
oriented techniques
and very high-
resolution satellite
imagery.
2007 72 10.29 24 10
Conclusion
This study can be considered the first report on the top cited papers in UGOS. The priority of the
papers was arranged according to the citations they have received. Total citations were extracted
from Web of Science Core Collection Times Cited Count but analyzing merely total citation is a
potential flaw as it gives a bias to the older papers because during a longer time they would have
accumulated a high number of citations which may be of less significance and influence than a

more recent paper. Therefore, the average number of citations per year is used as a yardstick
against which to reflect the importance of articles.
A comparison was made between the total number of citations and the average number of
citations per year, of the top 10 articles (Table 10) emerging 42 and 86 ranking of total citations,
between top 10 high ranks of average citation per year indicates how different these two criteria
can be. From a total of 1,105 UGOS papers returned using our methods, the paper with the
maximum number of average citations per year [26.14] was written by Tzoulas (23), which has
the second highest number of total citations [183]. The second highest number of average
citations per year is the paper written by Chiesura (22), which achieved first rank with a total
citation of 212.
Conflict of Interest
We confirm that no authorities have any conflict of interest in the process of producing this
paper. No authors have a personal relationship with other organizations or people that could
influence this research inappropriately and also there has not been any financial benefit attached
to this paper.
References
1. Maruani T, Amit-Cohen I. Open space planning models: A review of approaches and
methods. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2007;81(1-2):1-13. doi:
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.01.003. PubMed PMID: WOS:000247084200001.
2. Bowler DE, Buyung-Ali L, Knight TM, Pullin AS. Urban greening to cool towns and
cities: A systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landscape and Urban Planning.
2010;97(3):147-55. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.05.006. PubMed PMID:
WOS:000281189100001.
3. Ale Ebrahim N, Salehi H, Embi MA, Danaee M, Mohammadjafari M, Zavvari A, et al.
Equality of Google Scholar with Web of Science Citations: Case of Malaysian
Engineering Highly Cited Papers. Modern Applied Science. 2014;8(5):63-9. doi:
10.5539/mas.v8n5p63.
4. Fooladi M, Salehi H, Yunus MM, Farhadi M, Aghaei Chadegani A, Farhadi H, et al. Do
Criticisms Overcome the Praises of Journal Impact Factor? Asian Social Science.
2013;9(5):176-82. Epub 182. doi: 10.5539/ass.v9n5p176.
5. Kear R, Colbert-Lewis D. Citation searching and bibliometric measures: Resources for
ranking and tracking. College & Research Libraries News. 2011;72(8):470-4.
6. Brandt JS, Downing AC, Howard DL, Kofinas JD, Chasen ST. Citation classics in
obstetrics and gynecology: the 100 most frequently cited journal articles in the last 50
years. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2010;203(4):355. e1-. e7.
7. Chattopadhyay A, editor Ethics of scientific publication: (Mal)-practices and
Consequentialism. Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering, 2014 IEEE
International Symposium on; 2014 23-24 May 2014.
8. Ale Ebrahim N, Salehi H, Embi MA, Habibi Tanha F, Gholizadeh H, Motahar SM, et al.
Effective Strategies for Increasing Citation Frequency. International Education Studies.
2013;6(11):93-9. doi: 10.5539/ies.v6n11p93.

9. Ale Ebrahim N, Salehi H, Embi MA, Habibi Tanha F, Gholizadeh H, Motahar SM.
Visibility and Citation Impact. International Education Studies. 2014;7(4):120-5. doi:
10.5539/ies.v7n4p120.
10. Shotton D. Publishing: Open citations. Nature. 2013;502(7471):295-7.
11. Priem J. Scholarship: Beyond the paper. Nature. 2013;495(7442):437-40. doi:
10.1038/495437a.
12. Bentler PM. On the fit of models to covariances and methodology to the< em>
Bulletin.</em>. Psychological bulletin. 1992;112(3):400.
13. Garfield E. Highly cited articles. 26. Some classic papers of late 19th and early 20th
centuries. INST SCI INFORM INC 3501 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104;
1976.
14. Korevaar J. Validation of bibliometric indicators in the field of mathematics.
Scientometrics. 1996;37(1):117-30.
15. Garfield E. WHICH JOURNALS ATTRACT MOST FREQUENTLY CITED
ARTICLES-HERES A LIST OF TOP 15. INST SCI INFORM INC 3501 MARKET ST,
PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104; 1973.
16. Ho Y-S. Classic articles on social work field in Social Science Citation Index: a
bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics. 2014;98(1):137-55.
17. Fu H-Z, Ho Y-S. Bibliometric analysis of thermodynamic research: A Science Citation
Index Expanded-based analysis. 2012.
18. Bohannon RW, Roberts D. Core journals of rehabilitation: identification through index
analysis. Int J Rehabil Res. 1991;14(4):333-6.
19. Ponce FA, Lozano AM. Highly cited works in neurosurgery. Part I: the 100 top-cited
papers in neurosurgical journals: A review. J Neurosurg. 2010;112(2):223-32.
20. Adams J. Early citation counts correlate with accumulated impact. Scientometrics.
2005;63(3):567-81. doi: 10.1007/s11192-005-0228-9.
21. Anderson E. JAPANESE FIRMS EMPHASIZE TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT.
Chem Eng News. 1992;70(40):46-8. doi: 10.1021/cen-v070n040.p046. PubMed PMID:
WOS:A1992JQ73900011.
22. Chiesura A. The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban
Planning. 2004;68(1):129-38. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003. PubMed PMID:
WOS:000220414700009.
23. Tzoulas K, Korpela K, Venn S, Yli-Pelkonen V, Kazmierczak A, Niemela J, et al.
Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using Green Infrastructure: A
literature review. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2007;81(3):167-78. doi:
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.02.001. PubMed PMID: WOS:000247586100001.
24. Baltussen A, Kindler CH. Citation classics in critical care medicine. Intens Care Med.
2004;30(5):902-10.
25. Dubin D, Hafner AW, Arndt KA. Citation classics in clinical dermatologic journals:
citation analysis, biomedical journals, and landmark articles, 1945-1990. Arch Dermatol.
1993;129(9):1121.
26. Marx W, Schier H, Wanitschek M. Citation analysis using online databases: feasibilities
and shortcomings. Scientometrics. 2001;52(1):59-82.
27. Garfield E. The history and meaning of the journal impact factor. Jama. 2006;295(1):90-
3.

28. Bayley M, Brooks F, Tong A, Hariharan K. The 100 most cited papers in foot and ankle
surgery. The Foot. 2014;24(1):11-6.
29. Paladugu R, Schein M, Gardezi S, Wise L. One hundred citation classics in general
surgical journals. World J Surg. 2002;26(9):1099-105.

100 most cited articles in urban green and open spaces

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (11)

Similar to 100 most cited articles in urban green and open spaces

Similar to 100 most cited articles in urban green and open spaces (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

100 most cited articles in urban green and open spaces