This document discusses the world's water resources, beginning with an overview of the percentages of water found in oceans, freshwater, ice and glaciers, groundwater, lakes, and the atmosphere. It then provides more details on major river basins around the world, including tables listing the 10 longest rivers and rivers with the largest discharge and drainage areas. Specific sections focus on African rivers and river basins like the Congo, Niger, Zambezi, Orange, and Limpopo. The role of glaciers and ice caps is also summarized, with details on their location and volume.

1. WORLD’S WATER
RESOURCES
2/12/2023 1
By
Prof. Ali Mohamed Ali Hamdan,
Aswan University,
Faculty of Science, Geology Department,
(Hydrogeology)

2. WORLD’S WATER RESOURCES
2/12/2023 2
• Oceans 97.5%
• Freshwater (2.5%) 35,000,000 km3
Freshwater (2.5%)
Ice and glaciers (1.92%) 76.8%
Groundwater (0.57%) 22.8%
Lakes (0.009)% 0.36%
Atmosphere (0.001)% 0.04%
Rivers (0.0001)% 0.004%

3. Major river basins of the
world
Rivers (0.0001)% WWS 0.004% FW
The 5th Fresh Water Resource in the World
The 4th Liquid Fresh Water Resource in the World

4. 2/12/2023 4
Niger
Congo
Zambezi
Orange
Nile
Saint Lawrence R
Nelson
Mackenzie
Yukon
Mississippi
Amazon
Río de la Plata
Paraná R.
Danube
Volga
Ob
Murray Darling R
Yangtze
Huang He
Euphrates & Tigris

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8. 2/12/2023 8
10 longest rivers of the
world

9. 1. Nile River 6670 km (4,132 miles)
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10. 2. Mississippi 6,420 km
flows in the USA (98.5%) and the rest in Canada (1.5%).
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11. 3. Amazon River 6,280 km.
largest W flow (greater than the next seven largest rivers combined).
Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador,
Venezuela, Guyana
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12. 4. Yangtze River, China 5,520 km.
The longest river in Asia
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‫اليانغتسى‬ ‫نهر‬

13. 5. Mackenzie River 5470 km
longest river in Canada, (the second largest R in N. America after Mississippi).
2/12/2023 13
‫ماكنزي‬ ‫نهر‬

14. 6. Paraná–Río de la Plata 4700 km
Brazil (46.7%), Argentina (27.7%), Paraguay (13.5%), Bolivia (8.3%),
Uruguay (3.8%)
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15. 7. Yellow River or Huang He 4670 km
China
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16. 8. Mekong River 4500 km
China, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam
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‫ميكونغ‬ ‫نهر‬

17. 9. Lena River 4400 km
Russia
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18. 10. Congo River 4370 km
DRC, Cent. African, Angola, Tanzania, Cameroon, Zambia, Burundi, Rwanda
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19. 2/12/2023 19
biggest discharge rivers of
the world

20. River Countries T. discharge Km3/y
1 Amazon
Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador,
Venezuela, Guyana
6923
2 Ganges India, Nepal, China, Bangladesh 1386
3 Congo
DRC, Cent. African, Angola, Tanzania,
Cameroon, Zambia, Burundi, Rwanda
1320
4 Orinoco Venezuela, Colombia 1007
5 Yangtze China 1006
6 Paraná–Río de la Plata Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay 811
7 Yenisei Russia, Mongolia 618
8 Lena Russia 539
9 Mississippi USA 510
10 Mekong China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam 505
11 Ob Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia 404
12 Amur - Argun Russia, China, Mongolia 360
13 Mackenzie Canada 325
14 Saint Lawrence Canada, United States 318
15 Niger
Nigeria, Mali, Niger, Algeria, Guinea, Cameroon,
Burkina Faso, C Ivoire, Benin, Chad
302
16 Volga Russia 255
17 Nile 84
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‫الغانج‬ ‫نهر‬
‫أورينوكو‬ ‫نهر‬
‫يانغتسي‬
‫ينسي‬ ‫نهر‬

21. 2/12/2023 21
biggest drainage or
catchment area of rivers of
the world

22. River Countries
discharge area
(1000 Km2)
1 Amazon
Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador,
Venezuela, Guyana
6915
2 Congo
DRC, Cent. African, Angola, Tanzania,
Cameroon, Zambia, Burundi, Rwanda
3680
3 Murray–Darling Australia 3520
4 Paraná–Río de la Plata
Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia,
Uruguay
3100
5 Ob Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia 2990
6 Mississippi USA 2950
7 Nile 2870
8 Yenisei Russia, Mongolia 2580
9 Lena Russia 2490
10 Niger
Nigeria, Mali, Niger, Algeria, Guinea, Cameroon,
Burkina Faso, C Ivoire, Benin, Chad
2090
11 Amur - Argun Russia, China, Mongolia 1855
12 Yangtze China 1800
13 Mackenzie Canada 1790
14 Ganges India, Nepal, China, Bangladesh 1730
15 Volga Russia 1380
16 zambezi
Zambia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi,
Tanzania, Namibia, Botswana 1330
17 Saint Lawrence Canada, United States 1030
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African Rivers

24. Congo
River
Senegal
River
Niger
River
Volta
River
Zambezi
River
Limpopo
River
Orange
River
Nile
River

25. Congo River Basin

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Congo River
Basin

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28. Congo River Basin
• The Congo river is
the 5th longest river
in the world at 4370
km long.
• It drains an area of
about 3.7 Mkm2.

29. Congo River Land cover

30. Congo River
Sub-Basin

31. DEM of
Congo
River
Basin

32. Congo River Basin

33. Niger River Basin

34. Niger River
Basin

35. Zambezi
River
Basin

36. Orange River Basin

37. Limpopo River Basin ‫ليمبوبو‬ ‫نهر‬

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Glaciers and ice caps
Ice and glaciers (1.92%) WWS 76.8% FW

39. Glaciers and ice caps
• They cover 10 % of the world's land mass.
• located in Greenland and Antarctica.
• Forming from snowfall accumulation.
• They also can reach up to 2 miles thick.
• If all of the glaciers were to melt today, the
sea would rise an estimated 260 feet,
according to the USGS.
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Antarctica

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Antarctica

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46. End
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