This document contains 25 multiple choice questions covering topics in criminology and criminal justice. The questions address labeling theory, perspectives in criminology like the dramaturgical perspective, life course theories, criminological theories developed by researchers like Moffitt and Thornberry, research from the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency Program, longitudinal research designs, conflict theory, Marxist criminology, feminist criminology, myths about rape, predictors of rape, strategies used by drug robbers, definitions of crimes, types of offenders, early definitions of white-collar crime, organized crime topics, illicit drugs, cybercrime laws, homeland security topics, and terrorism.

1. 1) Which of the following is not one of the ideas contributed to
the criminological literature by labeling theory?
A) Deviant individuals achieve their status by virtue of social
definition.
B) Deviance is the consequence of a quality inherent in human
activity .
C) Labeling by society tends to perpetuate crime.
D) Negative self-images follow from processing by the formal
criminal justice system.
2) The dramaturgical perspective was developed by
A) Ronald Akers.
B) Edwin Lemert.
C) Erving Goffman.
D) Howard Becker.
3) Elder’s principle of __________ refers to the fact that the
developmental impact of a succession of life transitions is
contingent on when in a person’s life they occur.
A) historical time and place
B) linked lives
C) timing in lives
D) human agency
4) According to Moffit, a __________ results when adolescents
begin to desire autonomy but are prevented from achieving it
because of preexisting social expectations.
A) moral enterprise
B) social bond
C) maturity gap
D) control ratio
5) Lawrence E. Cohen and Richard Machelek pioneered the
__________ theory.

2. A) delinquent development
B) evolutionary ecology
C) age-graded
D) dual taxonomic
6) Terence Thornberry developed __________ theory.
A) delinquent development
B) age-graded
C) dual taxonomic
D) interactional
7) Which of the following is not one of the preliminary results
of the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency Program?
A) Serious involvement in drugs is related to serious
involvement in delinquency.
B) A lack of commitment to school is associated with higher
involvement in delinquency.
C) Delinquency is related to individual risk factors such as
impulsivity.
D) Being on welfare is associated with a fairly low risk of
delinquency.
8) According to the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency
Program research, very young subjects (as young as three years
of age) are most likely to be found on the __________ pathway
to delinquency.
A) overt
B) multiple disruption
C) covert
D) authority conflict
9) PHDCN is using a(n) __________ research design to study
the development of criminal behavior.
A) longitudinal
B) participant observation
C) experimental

3. D) quasi-experimental
10) The __________ perspective holds that conflict is a
fundamental aspect of social life that can never be fully
resolved.
A) conflict
B) radical
C) pluralistic
D) consensus
11) In 1905, __________ described the struggle between the
haves and the have-
nots as a natural consequence of a capitalist society.
A) Willem Bonger
B) William Chambliss
C) George Vold
D) Richard Quinney
12) The 1958 book Theoretical Criminology was written by
A) George Vold.
B) Richard Quinney.
C) Austin Turk.
D) Karl Marx.
13) According to Chambliss and Seidman, the __________ a
group’s political or economic position, the __________ the
probability that it’s views will be reflected in laws.
A) lower; greater
B) higher; less
C) higher; greater
D) lower; less
14) __________ feminism sees men as controlling women
through sexuality and sees society as patriarchal.
A) Alternative (women of color)
B) Socialist

4. C) Liberal
D) Radical
15) __________ criminology suggests that social control
agencies and citizens should work together to alleviate social
problems and human suffering and thus reduce crime.
A) Anarchic
B) Peacemaking
C) Constitutive
D) Semiotic
16) According to Fox and Levin, the __________ serial killer
commits murder to mask other crimes, such as robbery.
A) dominance
B) visionary
C) reformist
D) protection-oriented
17) Which of the following is not a rape myth?
A) Women say no when they really mean yes
B) Women bring false rape charges to get even with men
C) Women are asking for it by wearing provocative clothing
D) They are all current rape myths.
18) According to Baron and Straus, which of the following is
not directly linked to
increased rates of rape?
A) Higher rates of pornography
B) High levels of gender inequality
C) High rates of legitimate violence
D) High rates of violent crime
19) According to Dennis Stevens, __________ rapists select
victims based on the most available target.
A) lust
B) fantasy

5. C) righteous
D) peer
20) Which of the following is not one of the three strategies
drug robbers use to
minimize the risk of retaliation inherent in targeting drug
dealers?
A) Hypervigilance
B) Intimidation
C) Selective disinhibition
D) Anonymity maintenance
21) The term “cafeteria-style offending” was first used by
A) Mark S. Fleisher.
B) Edwin H. Sutherland.
C) Neil Shover.
D) Malcolm Klein.
22)__________ is defined as “the unlawful taking, carrying,
leading, or riding away of property from the possession of
another.”
A) Arson
B) Robbery
C) Burglary
D) Larceny theft
23) At the time their cars were stolen, what activity are victims
most likely to be engaged in?
A) Eating dinner
B) Working a their jobs
C) Sleeping
D) Attending a party

6. 24) When considering theft from motor vehicles, the most
frequently stolen items are
A) cameras.
B) external vehicle parts.
C) stereo equipment.
D) cellular phones.
25) The infirm category of McShane and Noonan’s typology of
shoplifters was most likely to contain which of the following
persons?
A) A young male
B) An elderly female
C) A middle-aged female
D) A middle-aged male
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1) Early definitions of white-collar crime focused on the
A) the work environment.
B) nature of the crime.
C) the violator involved.
D) All of the above
2) According to Braithwaite, the central explanatory variable in
all criminal activity is
A) self-control.
B) learning.
C) inequality.
D) social class.
3) Which of the following is not an example of a structural
reform to address white-collar crime?
A) Changing the process by which corporations are chartered to
include control
over white collar crime
B) Increasing the funding for enforcement agencies that deal
with white-collar

7. crime.
C) Adding members of the public to corporate boards of
directors
D) Enhancing the flow of information among businesses, the
public, and administrative bodies
4) Prohibition was repealed by passage of the __________
Amendment to the
U.S. Constitution.
A) Twenty-first
B) Eighteenth
C) Twenty-fourth
D) Tenth
5) The St. Valentine’s Day massacre established Al Capone as
the undisputed ruler of organized crime in
A) Boston.
B) New York.
C) the United States.
D) Chicago.
6) In 1951, the Senate-sponsored __________ Committee
reported the existence of a nationwide crime syndicate
operating in many large American cities.
A) Wickersham
B) Kerner
C) Hobbs
D) Kefauver
7) Of the 24 crime families of Sicilian-American heritage that
operate in the U.S. today, __________ operate out of New York.
A) five
B) seven
C) ten

8. D) three
8) The strict unwritten code of conduct of organized crime,
which demands silence and loyalty, is known as the
A) RICO.
B) Cosa Nostra.
C) tong.
D) omerta.
9) The single most important piece of federal legislation that
specifically targets organized crime activities is
A) the Hobbs Act
B) Omerta.
C) the United States Code.
D) RICO.
10) __________ is a relatively mild, nonaddictive drug with
limited hallucinogenic properties.
A) Librium
B) Marijuana
C) Opium
D) PCP
11) __________ are sometimes known as “gateway drugs”
because they often initiate young people into illicit drug use.
A) Hallucinogens
B) Inhalants
C) Marijuana and other forms of cannabis
D) Designer drugs
12) The __________ placed the distribution of a number of
essential chemicals used in the production of illicit drugs under
federal control.

9. A) Anti-Drug Abuse Act
B) Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act
C) Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
D) Harrison Act
13) The majority of the cocaine entering the United States is
smuggled in using
A) private airplanes.
B) commercial airplanes.
C) maritime vessels.
D) overland transportation.
14) Which of the following countries is not located in the
Golden Triangle area?
A) Thailand
B) Burma
C) Laos
D) Turkey
15) The sale of heroin to anyone under age 18 was made a
capital offense by the __________ Act.
A) Harrison
B) Boggs
C) Controlled Substances
D) Narcotic Control
16) __________ involves purchasing one licensed copy of a
piece of software and loading it onto multiple computers.
A) Internet piracy
B) Renting
C) Softlifting
D) Hard disk loading
17) __________ involves using official-looking e-mail
messages to steal valuable information.
A) Cloning

10. B) Phishing
C) Softlifting
D) Phreaking
18) The __________ Act is part of the 2002 Homeland Security
Act.
A) No Electronic Theft
B) Communications Decency
C) Cyber Security Enhancement
D) Computer Fraud and Abuse
19) __________ attempt to duplicate the decision-making
processes used by skilled investigators in evidence analysis.
A) Expert systems
B) Audit trails
C) TEMPEST
D) DNA systems
20) The Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection
Directorate operates within the
A) Department of Homeland Security.
B) Federal Bureau of Investigation.
C) National Infrastructure Protection Center.
D) Department of Justice.
21) Which of the following is an element of human smuggling?
A) The person being smuggled does not have to cross an
international border.
B) The person being smuggled is generally cooperating.
C) The person being smuggled is coerced.
D) The person being smuggled is exploited or forced to perform
some type of
labor.
22) GovNet is
A) the United States’ primary infrastructure.
B) a new form of cyberterrorism.

11. C) a private government network with no connectivity with
commercial or public
networks.
D) none of the above.
23) According to the CIA, the end goal of al-Qaeda is
A) to commit bioterrorism.
B) to use LME on American aircraft.
C) to use WMDs.
D) to commit domestic terrorism.
24) Which of the following is not one of the five directorates of
the Department of Homeland Security?
A) Office of Private Sector Liaison
B) Science and Technology
C) Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection
D) Border and Transportation Security
25) The most active state sponsor of terrorism in the world is
A) Iran.
B) North Korea.
C) Cuba.
D) Iraq.