1. what is the central dogma of geneticsans Central dogma of gen.pdf
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1. what is the central dogma of genetics? ans: Central dogma of genetics leads to the information related that how one information or character is transferred from generation to generation .ie, the flow of information realted to genetics in the cells from DNA to mRNA and lastly in the form of proteins.So all this process how the information from DNA to protein is transferred is the central dogma of genetics. 2.What\'s the difference between mixed culture and pure culture?how do you isolate a pure culture from a mixed culture?Draw out the steps.which quadrent will have the most colonies?which have the least.explain. ans: Difference between mixed and pure culture is that the name itself defines that pure culture is the culture which contains only one organism and in mixed culture it has more than one organisms. There are methods to be followed to get pure culture from a mixed culture.They are....SPREAD plate technique and STREAK plate technique after these techniques several methods are there like staining and all are performed and then organism is stored or used as pure culture. 1st quadrent will have more colonies because this quadrent has been streaked fully so organisms will grow here more.No other quadrent have been streaked so no colonies but quadrent 2 and 4 can have some colonies if streaking is not done properly but quadrent 3 will have least number of colonies. Solution 1. what is the central dogma of genetics? ans: Central dogma of genetics leads to the information related that how one information or character is transferred from generation to generation .ie, the flow of information realted to genetics in the cells from DNA to mRNA and lastly in the form of proteins.So all this process how the information from DNA to protein is transferred is the central dogma of genetics. 2.What\'s the difference between mixed culture and pure culture?how do you isolate a pure culture from a mixed culture?Draw out the steps.which quadrent will have the most colonies?which have the least.explain. ans: Difference between mixed and pure culture is that the name itself defines that pure culture is the culture which contains only one organism and in mixed culture it has more than one organisms. There are methods to be followed to get pure culture from a mixed culture.They are....SPREAD plate technique and STREAK plate technique after these techniques several methods are there like staining and all are performed and then organism is stored or used as pure culture. 1st quadrent will have more colonies because this quadrent has been streaked fully so organisms will grow here more.No other quadrent have been streaked so no colonies but quadrent 2 and 4 can have some colonies if streaking is not done properly but quadrent 3 will have least number of colonies..
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1. What major biomolecule has the most number of functions and why.pdf
1. What major biomolecule has the most number of functions and why?
2. How does DNA coil or become more compact? Give two reasons why it must be compacted?
3. Explain what crossing over and independent assortment are. Where does each happen in
meiosis?
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3. Explain what crossing over and independent assortment are. Where does each happen in
meiosis?
2. How does DNA coil or become more compact? Give two reasons why it must be compacted?
3. Explain what crossing over and independent assortment are. Where does each happen in
meiosis?
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this is done by me and my team mates of Wayamba University Sri Lanka for our project.From now we decided to allow download this file.I would be greatful if you could send your comments..
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pubudu_gokarella@yahoo.com
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a b
______DNA_______ ____RNA________ _______protein_____________
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process which is often conducted by humans by targetting a specific goals or objectives by using
different multiple attack vectors like cyber threats by using internet they hack into users account
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etc.advanced threats follows its objectives for long period of time by hacking into the users
account and they maintain this interaction with the user untill they get their desired information
and the user does not have any knowledge about the hacker .
Adversed actions are the actions done by the threat agents which includes a hacker and group of
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means it is a possible danger that exploits its danger or harm or vulnerability and causes danger
in computer security and threat agents are the entities that they perform their adverse actions
inorder to exploit the useful information and hackers ,users, computer process ,
softwaredevelopment staff and accidental errors comes under threat agents and threat sources
and threat agents are same as their main objectives or targets is to exploit usefull informations
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Solution
b) advanced threat (advanced persistant threat ) is serious and continous computer hacking
process which is often conducted by humans by targetting a specific goals or objectives by using
different multiple attack vectors like cyber threats by using internet they hack into users account
and they hack their information in social networking websites like facebook and twitter
etc.advanced threats follows its objectives for long period of time by hacking into the users
account and they maintain this interaction with the user untill they get their desired information
and the user does not have any knowledge about the hacker .
Adversed actions are the actions done by the threat agents which includes a hacker and group of
indviduals that exploits the useful information and a threat consists of threat agent and threat
means it is a possible danger that exploits its danger or harm or vulnerability and causes danger
in computer security and threat agents are the entities that they perform their adverse actions
inorder to exploit the useful information and hackers ,users, computer process ,
softwaredevelopment staff and accidental errors comes under threat agents and threat sources
and threat agents are same as their main objectives or targets is to exploit usefull informations
and in intentionally exploit the assets and the methods that accidentatly trigger harms..
Book.java To change this license header, choose License Hea.pdf
Book.java:
/*
* To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
* To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package chegg2;
/**
*
* @author MDR
*/
public class Book {
private static int booksCount,checkedIn;
private int classNumber;
private double bookNumber;
private String author;
private String title;
private boolean checked;
public Book()
{
this.classNumber=000;
this.bookNumber=000.000;
this.author=\"Doe, John\";
this.checked=true;
this.title=\"Book Title\";
booksCount++;
checkedIn++;
}
public Book(int cn,double bn,String au,String title,boolean checked)
{
this.classNumber=cn;
this.bookNumber=bn;
this.author=au;
this.title=title;
this.checked=checked;
booksCount++;
checkedIn++;
}
public void setClassNo(int cn)
{
this.classNumber=cn;
}
public void setBookNo(double bn)
{
this.bookNumber=bn;
}
public void setAuthor(String au)
{
this.author=au;
}
public void setTitle(String title)
{
this.title=title;
}
public void setChecked(boolean checked)
{
this.checked=checked;
if(checked==true)
checkedIn++;
else
checkedIn--;
}
public int getClassNo()
{
return this.classNumber;
}
public double getBookNo()
{
return this.bookNumber;
}
public String getAuthor()
{
return this.author;
}
public String getTitle()
{
return this.title;
}
public boolean getChecked( )
{
return this.checked;
}
public int getBooksCount()
{
return this.booksCount;
}
public int getCheckedCount()
{
return this.checkedIn;
}
}
MyLIbrary.java:
/*
* To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
* To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package chegg2;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class MyLibrary {
public static void main(String []args)
{
int op=1;
ArrayList books=new ArrayList(0);
Scanner scan=new Scanner(System.in);
Book book;
while(op==1)
{
book=createBook();
books.add(book);
System.out.println(\"do you want create a Book press 1 otherwise press any key\");
op=scan.nextInt();
}
System.out.println(\"Books Count:\"+books.get(0).getBooksCount());
System.out.println(\"Books Checked in Count:\"+books.get(0).getCheckedCount());
for(int i=0;i=000.000 &&bookNumber<=999.999)
book=new Book(classNumber,bookNumber,author,title,checked);
else
book=new Book();
return book;
}
}
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run:
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115
please enter book number:
115.225
please enter book author:
kiran
please enter book title:
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do you want create a Book press 1 otherwise press any key
1
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225
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225.365
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taj
please enter book title:
DEF
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1
please enter class number of book:
556
please enter book number:
556.357
please enter book author:
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Chapter.1. Introduction of genetics
1. Genetics is the study of heredity and variation, dealing with how traits are passed from parents to offspring. A gene is a unit of heredity located on chromosomes that determines a characteristic.
2. Heredity refers to the transmission of similarities from parents to offspring, explaining resemblances within a family. Variation refers to differences between individuals of the same species or between siblings, explaining why offspring are similar but not identical.
3. Genetics has many applications, including improving crop yields through techniques like hybridization and transgenic plants, producing pharmaceuticals using transgenic bacteria, and promoting plant health using transgenic bacteria that produce insect toxins.
Genomics
this is done by me and my team mates of Wayamba University Sri Lanka for our project.From now we decided to allow download this file.I would be greatful if you could send your comments..
And I'm willing to help you in similar works.I'm in final year of my degree(.BSc Biotechnology)..
pubudu_gokarella@yahoo.com
Standards and stems review book kirby
1. Cell membranes protect cell organelles and allow things to enter through diffusion or osmosis. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions and their activity depends on temperature, pH, and ionic conditions. Prokaryotic cells lack nuclei while eukaryotic cells have nuclei and viruses infect cells.
2. RNA is used in protein synthesis. Transcription transmits DNA information to RNA and translation uses mRNA to make proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus move and package proteins.
3. Photosynthesis uses chloroplasts to convert sunlight into chemical energy in sugars. Mitochondria produce ATP through glucose breakdown. Macromolecules like polysaccharides are made from smaller precursors.
Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
This document discusses various techniques used to study prokaryotic genetics, including bacterial conjugation, phage transduction, transformation, cross-feeding, and complementation. It provides examples of how these techniques can be used to determine the order and function of genes in metabolic pathways. Specifically, it describes experiments using the lactose operon in E. coli to elucidate the mechanism of transcriptional gene regulation in response to environmental conditions.
Comparative genomics
This document provides a summary of a seminar on comparative genomics techniques. It discusses three levels of genome research: structural genomics, functional genomics, and comparative genomics. Comparative genomics involves analyzing and comparing different genomes to study gene content, function, organization, and evolution. Techniques discussed include genome sequencing, mapping, and bioinformatics tools. The document also outlines what can be compared between genomes and how comparative genomics has provided insights into evolution and gene function.
Gene cloning
Gene cloning involves copying a gene and inserting it into a self-replicating vector like a bacterial plasmid. This allows copies of the gene to be made for applications like sequencing, mutagenesis, and protein expression. PCR is a newer gene cloning technique that uses thermal cycling to rapidly amplify a target gene sequence. Both techniques allow researchers to isolate genes and study them in detail. Gene cloning and PCR have many important uses in fields such as medicine, biotechnology, forensics, and more.
6th Grade Chapter 4
This document summarizes key concepts around heredity and reproduction from biology. It discusses how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring through DNA, and how cells divide through mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is how body cells divide to allow growth and repair, occurring in five stages. Meiosis produces sex cells like eggs and sperm, each with half the number of chromosomes as body cells. Sexual reproduction requires the combination of genetic material from two parents during fertilization to create offspring. Traits are passed from parents to children through genes located on chromosomes. Variations in traits arise due to multiple genes and alleles controlling traits, as well as mutations in DNA.
The Biological and environmental causes of Developmental Disabilities
This document summarizes key concepts in human reproduction including heredity, chromosomes, DNA, genes, and genetic principles like dominance and polygenic inheritance. It describes gametes, meiosis, fertilization, and the zygote. It outlines the three phases of prenatal development - the germinal phase, embryonic phase, and fetal phase. During each phase, critical developmental processes occur and abnormalities can arise from genetic or environmental factors and lead to developmental disabilities.
Spedreportipyang 151006062355-lva1-app6891
This document summarizes key concepts in human reproduction including heredity, chromosomes, DNA, genes, genetic principles of dominance-recessive and sex-linked genes. It describes meiosis, fertilization which results in a zygote, and the three phases of prenatal development: germinal phase involving cell division and implantation; embryonic phase of cell differentiation and organogenesis; and fetal phase of growth over seven months. Critical periods of vulnerability to teratogens are noted where genetic disorders, physical abnormalities or developmental disabilities can occur.
Assignment 5BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Sunday, June 19t.docx
Assignment 5 BIO 151 Summer 2016
Upload by Sunday, June 19th at 11:00 PM
CHAPTER 16: MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
1.During what part of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? Why does this happen?
Watson & Crick model
2. What are the three parts of a nucleotide. Draw/depict them and label each.
Five carbon ribose sugar
Phosphate molecule
Nitrogenous bases
3. What type of bond connects nucleotides in the sugar backbone of DNA together?
Phosphates
What type of bonding holds the two DNA strands together?
4. What does it mean that the two strands of a DNA molecule are anti-parallel?
It means forming a double helix
5. Explain the semi-conservative model of DNA replication. Draw/depict it.
6. How is the DNA double helix unwound for replication? What enzymes are involved in this step and what are their functions?
Helicase and Topoisomerase
7. What is an RNA primer and why is it necessary to start DNA replication?
8. In what direction are nucleotides added to the new strand by DNA polymerase?
5’ to 3’ direction
9. What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand?
Leading strand is a strand that copy quickly.
Lagging strand is a strand that copy slowly
10. What are Okazaki fragments? What enzyme joins them together to form a new continuous DNA strand?
They areshort DNA segments. The enzyme DNA ligase
11. How does proof-reading keep the accuracy of DNA replication so high?
By minimizing the chance of incorporating wrong nucleotides
12. What is a telomere? Do prokaryotes have telomeres?
It is the end of a chromosome. They don’t have telomeres
CHAPTER 17: FROM GENE TO PROTEIN
1.What is the central dogma of biology?
a b
______DNA_______ ____RNA________ _______protein_____________
The arrows indicate what processes? a) Transcription
b) Translation
2.Most genes code for the production of what type of organic molecule?
Amino acids
3. Where in the cell does transcription occur for prokaryotes? For eukaryotes?
For prokaryotes: cytoplasm
For eukaryotes: nucleus
4. What is a codon? How do they code for amino acids?
It is a sequence made of 3 bases in the mRNA molecule. They code for amino acids by using a triplet code.
5. What does it mean that the genetic code is universal?
It means that all organisms use same codons for specific amino acid.
6. How is RNA different from DNA?
7. What does RNA polymerase do during transcription?
It takes the ribose into new strand of mRNA.
8. How does RNA polymerase know where to start?
The beginning of gene is called promoter
In what direction are nucleotides added?
They are added to the 3’ direction end of the RNA molecule
9. Explain what occurs in the three stages of transcription: (see pages 341-342)
Initiation: RNA polymerase works initiallyat the beginning of a gene
Elongation: Nucleotides added to the 3’ end of the growing RNA molecule
Termination: in this process, it sig ...
Genetic engineering and biotechnology.pptx
The document outlines concepts related to DNA analysis techniques including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoresis, and DNA profiling. It discusses how these techniques are used for applications like determining paternity, forensic investigations, and sequencing the human genome. Gene transfer techniques like using plasmids, restriction enzymes, and DNA ligase are described. Current uses of genetically modified crops and animals as well as potential benefits and harmful effects of genetic modification are summarized.
Introduction to cell signaling (article) _ Khan Academy.pdf
Cells communicate with one another through different types of short- and long-range signaling. Short-range signaling includes paracrine signaling between neighboring cells, as well as autocrine signaling when a cell signals to itself. Long-range signaling is carried out through the endocrine system, with hormones released into the bloodstream carrying messages between distant cells and tissues. Cells can also signal through direct contact using gap junctions between animal cells and plasmodesmata between plant cells. Understanding these various forms of cell signaling is crucial for learning how cells coordinate their activities both locally and throughout the entire body.
Bioinformatics
This document discusses DNA sequencing and bioinformatics. It explains that DNA sequencing has become much cheaper and faster, allowing entire genomes to be sequenced. Sequencing the human genome originally cost billions and took years, but can now be done for under $100,000. Understanding DNA sequences allows for preventing and curing diseases. The document goes on to describe what genes look like, where they are found, how they encode proteins, and how bioinformaticians can identify genes by finding open reading frames in DNA sequences.
Genes and inheritance
The document discusses genes, DNA, RNA, heredity, and reproduction. It defines a gene as the unit of heredity that contains DNA instructions for an organism's traits. DNA encodes genetic instructions and is made up of nucleic acids alongside proteins and carbohydrates. RNA also contains genetic codes and has various biological roles. Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction. The two types of reproduction are sexual, which combines genetic material from two parents, and asexual, which involves one parent. Genes hold the codes to build and maintain organisms and are passed down through reproduction.
Tapeworm Infection
The U-High freshman biology class conducted an experiment to determine water quality in the U-High creek based on microinvertebrate populations. Students sampled the creek at three locations and counted microinvertebrates under a microscope to compare biodiversity and pollution intolerant species between sites. Upstream sites near wooded areas had highest biodiversity and pollution intolerant species, indicating clean water. Downstream sites impacted by storm drains and runoff from parking lots had lower biodiversity and more tolerant species, suggesting poorer water quality. The experiment provided data to help monitor changes in the creek's ecosystem over time.
Current Trends in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
This lecture covers current trends in molecular biology and biotechnology. It discusses the definition of molecular biology and its applications. The key components of eukaryotic cells are described, including the nucleus, organelles, plasma membrane, and genetic material DNA. Viruses, bacteria, and protozoa are also discussed. The central dogma of DNA to RNA to protein is explained. The lecture covers genetic components like genes and DNA, as well as molecular techniques like PCR and LAMP that are used to study and manipulate DNA, RNA, and proteins. The overall objectives are for participants to understand molecular biology applications and techniques and components of cells at the molecular level.
Introtocells 111109074946-phpapp01
This document provides an outline for a course on cell biology. It covers 10 main topics: introduction to cells, chemical foundations, methods of studying cells, genetic mechanisms, cell signaling, cell membranes and architecture, energetics, cellular traffic, cell birth/lineage/death, and the molecular basis of cancer. Grading will be based 50% on quizzes/exams and 50% on a seminar presentation. Presentations should last 1-2 hours and cover the topic comprehensively while maintaining audience impact.
Cellppt
The document discusses the structure and function of mitochondria. Key points include:
- Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse of the cell" as they help process nutrients to release energy. They are found in high concentrations in muscle cells requiring more energy.
- Mitochondria are enclosed in two membranes - an outer membrane and inner membrane, with space between called the intermembrane space.
- The inner membrane is more complex and contains electron transport chain and ATP synthase complexes. It is selectively permeable.
Bioinformatics
This document provides definitions and descriptions of the field of bioinformatics from multiple perspectives:
- Bioinformatics is the use of computers to analyze and interpret massive amounts of biological data, especially related to genomics, through techniques like modeling, algorithm development, and statistics.
- It involves the convergence of biology, biotechnology, computer science, and information technology to address challenges in managing and understanding biological data.
- Bioinformatics encompasses a range of activities from database management and analysis to developing tools that facilitate biological research and applications in fields like medicine.
Pallavi online assignment
The document discusses the Human Genome Project and tissue culture. It provides an overview of the goals and history of the Human Genome Project, which aimed to sequence the entire human genome. An international consortium used a "hierarchical shotgun method" to cut up chromosomes into fragments, clone them in bacteria, sequence the fragments, and assemble the genome. The document also discusses tissue culture techniques, which involve growing tissues or cells outside the organism in a defined medium, allowing study of cell and tissue biology in vitro. Tissue culture has advantages like cloning desirable plant traits but also challenges like requiring specialized expertise and facilities.
Similar to 1. what is the central dogma of geneticsans Central dogma of gen.pdf (20)
The Biological and environmental causes of Developmental Disabilities
The Biological and environmental causes of Developmental Disabilities
Assignment 5BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Sunday, June 19t.docx
Assignment 5BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Sunday, June 19t.docx
Introduction to cell signaling (article) _ Khan Academy.pdf
Introduction to cell signaling (article) _ Khan Academy.pdf
Current Trends in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Current Trends in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
More from aptcomputerzone
b) advanced threat (advanced persistant threat ) is serious and cont.pdf
b) advanced threat (advanced persistant threat ) is serious and continous computer hacking
process which is often conducted by humans by targetting a specific goals or objectives by using
different multiple attack vectors like cyber threats by using internet they hack into users account
and they hack their information in social networking websites like facebook and twitter
etc.advanced threats follows its objectives for long period of time by hacking into the users
account and they maintain this interaction with the user untill they get their desired information
and the user does not have any knowledge about the hacker .
Adversed actions are the actions done by the threat agents which includes a hacker and group of
indviduals that exploits the useful information and a threat consists of threat agent and threat
means it is a possible danger that exploits its danger or harm or vulnerability and causes danger
in computer security and threat agents are the entities that they perform their adverse actions
inorder to exploit the useful information and hackers ,users, computer process ,
softwaredevelopment staff and accidental errors comes under threat agents and threat sources
and threat agents are same as their main objectives or targets is to exploit usefull informations
and in intentionally exploit the assets and the methods that accidentatly trigger harms.
Solution
b) advanced threat (advanced persistant threat ) is serious and continous computer hacking
process which is often conducted by humans by targetting a specific goals or objectives by using
different multiple attack vectors like cyber threats by using internet they hack into users account
and they hack their information in social networking websites like facebook and twitter
etc.advanced threats follows its objectives for long period of time by hacking into the users
account and they maintain this interaction with the user untill they get their desired information
and the user does not have any knowledge about the hacker .
Adversed actions are the actions done by the threat agents which includes a hacker and group of
indviduals that exploits the useful information and a threat consists of threat agent and threat
means it is a possible danger that exploits its danger or harm or vulnerability and causes danger
in computer security and threat agents are the entities that they perform their adverse actions
inorder to exploit the useful information and hackers ,users, computer process ,
softwaredevelopment staff and accidental errors comes under threat agents and threat sources
and threat agents are same as their main objectives or targets is to exploit usefull informations
and in intentionally exploit the assets and the methods that accidentatly trigger harms..
Book.java To change this license header, choose License Hea.pdf
Book.java:
/*
* To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
* To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package chegg2;
/**
*
* @author MDR
*/
public class Book {
private static int booksCount,checkedIn;
private int classNumber;
private double bookNumber;
private String author;
private String title;
private boolean checked;
public Book()
{
this.classNumber=000;
this.bookNumber=000.000;
this.author=\"Doe, John\";
this.checked=true;
this.title=\"Book Title\";
booksCount++;
checkedIn++;
}
public Book(int cn,double bn,String au,String title,boolean checked)
{
this.classNumber=cn;
this.bookNumber=bn;
this.author=au;
this.title=title;
this.checked=checked;
booksCount++;
checkedIn++;
}
public void setClassNo(int cn)
{
this.classNumber=cn;
}
public void setBookNo(double bn)
{
this.bookNumber=bn;
}
public void setAuthor(String au)
{
this.author=au;
}
public void setTitle(String title)
{
this.title=title;
}
public void setChecked(boolean checked)
{
this.checked=checked;
if(checked==true)
checkedIn++;
else
checkedIn--;
}
public int getClassNo()
{
return this.classNumber;
}
public double getBookNo()
{
return this.bookNumber;
}
public String getAuthor()
{
return this.author;
}
public String getTitle()
{
return this.title;
}
public boolean getChecked( )
{
return this.checked;
}
public int getBooksCount()
{
return this.booksCount;
}
public int getCheckedCount()
{
return this.checkedIn;
}
}
MyLIbrary.java:
/*
* To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
* To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package chegg2;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class MyLibrary {
public static void main(String []args)
{
int op=1;
ArrayList books=new ArrayList(0);
Scanner scan=new Scanner(System.in);
Book book;
while(op==1)
{
book=createBook();
books.add(book);
System.out.println(\"do you want create a Book press 1 otherwise press any key\");
op=scan.nextInt();
}
System.out.println(\"Books Count:\"+books.get(0).getBooksCount());
System.out.println(\"Books Checked in Count:\"+books.get(0).getCheckedCount());
for(int i=0;i=000.000 &&bookNumber<=999.999)
book=new Book(classNumber,bookNumber,author,title,checked);
else
book=new Book();
return book;
}
}
Output:
run:
please enter class number of book:
115
please enter book number:
115.225
please enter book author:
kiran
please enter book title:
ABC
do you want create a Book press 1 otherwise press any key
1
please enter class number of book:
225
please enter book number:
225.365
please enter book author:
taj
please enter book title:
DEF
do you want create a Book press 1 otherwise press any key
1
please enter class number of book:
556
please enter book number:
556.357
please enter book author:
SAGAR
please enter book title:
GHI
do you want create a Book press 1 otherwise press any key
1
please enter class number of.
Answere.none of the above (all are true statements)Applications.pdf
Answer:
e.none of the above (all are true statements)
Applicationsof DNA fingerprinting:
In criminal investigations, the DNA fingerprint of a suspect\'s blood or other body material is
compared to that of the evidence from the crime scene to see how closely they match. The
technique can also be used to establish paternity. Forensic dentistry plays an important role in
human identification in mass disasters, especially in fires, explosions, decomposing bodies or
skeletonized bodies, when there is little material remaining to perform visual identification.
Solution
Answer:
e.none of the above (all are true statements)
Applicationsof DNA fingerprinting:
In criminal investigations, the DNA fingerprint of a suspect\'s blood or other body material is
compared to that of the evidence from the crime scene to see how closely they match. The
technique can also be used to establish paternity. Forensic dentistry plays an important role in
human identification in mass disasters, especially in fires, explosions, decomposing bodies or
skeletonized bodies, when there is little material remaining to perform visual identification..
Answer1.To print the size of my home directory $HOME we usee.pdf
Answer:
1.
To print the size of my home directory $HOME we use:
echo “$(du –sm $HOME)mb”
2. For just path we use:
echo $PATH
To include the /sbin directory:
set PATH = ($PATH /usr/local/sbin)
echo $PATH
3. For creating alias for ls and color coding:
alias ls = “ls –l –-color \"
Solution
Answer:
1.
To print the size of my home directory $HOME we use:
echo “$(du –sm $HOME)mb”
2. For just path we use:
echo $PATH
To include the /sbin directory:
set PATH = ($PATH /usr/local/sbin)
echo $PATH
3. For creating alias for ls and color coding:
alias ls = “ls –l –-color \".
AnswerAcidithiobacillusExplanationMany greenhouse gases occu.pdf
Answer:
Acidithiobacillus
Explanation:
Many greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane,
water vapor, and nitrous oxide, while others are synthetic. Those that are man-made include the
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), as well
as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
Solution
Answer:
Acidithiobacillus
Explanation:
Many greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane,
water vapor, and nitrous oxide, while others are synthetic. Those that are man-made include the
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), as well
as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
AnsTriploidy is a desirable trait in all angiosperms except orchi.pdf
Ans:
Triploidy is a desirable trait in all angiosperms except orchidaceae and Triploidy could be a
desirable trait in agricultural species where the economic part especially fruits. Triploid hybrids
have one of the most important traits, seedlessness, which is the characteristic for the fresh-fruit
market. Triploid embryos are found in small seeds that do not germinate. Triploid plants raised
from endosperm are generally sterile. Endosperm-raised triploid plants are of commercial value,
e.g. timber-yielding plants, edible fruit plants or ornamentals propagated vegetatively and
multiplied mainly through micropropagation.
Triploid plants often show vigorous vegetative growth and in some species produce excellent
seedless fruit. All cultivated bananas are triplods, and must be propagated vegetatively as they
bear no seed. Some sugar beet varieties are triploid and these tend to be higher yielding than
diploid varieties. In some species it is not desirable as they produce little or no seed, each
generation of a triploid variety has to be made afresh by the hybridization of a diploid and a
tetraploid parent.
Eg: Commercial use of triploid fruits can be found in watermelons and are produced artificially
by first developing tetraploids whicg are then crossed with diploid watermelon. In order to set
fruit, the triploid watermelon crossed with desirable diploid pollen donar.
It is an undesirable trait
In some species it is not desirable as they produce little or no seed (may be sterile because they
cannot form gametes with a balanced assortment of chromosomes), each generation of a triploid
variety has to be made afresh by the hybridization of a diploid and a tetraploid parent.
Eg: Diana\' (1963, USA) has large single, pure white petals with crimped edges. It is a triploid,
so produces little or no viable seed, and thus continues to flower over a long period. It was
followed in the 1980s by more triploid cultivars, in particular \'Aphrodite\'
polyploidy leads to significant reduction in the amount of genetic diversity in some species. As
genetically identical clones, a pest or disease that affects one individual is likely capable of
affecting each of its clones. Eg: vast majority of commercially produced bananas are cloned from
a single source, the Cavendish cultivar, and those plants are currently threatened worldwide by a
newly discovered fungal disease to which they are highly susceptible.
It is an undesirable trait in crop species where the economic part is seed Example : Orchidacea
The Phalaenopsis species bear a very brightly colored and patterned flowers were reintroduced
into cultivation. Many of these novelty species however produce inflorescences with only a very
few, tiny, starry-shaped flowers. These diploid species have been crossed with the modern
autopolyploid white types to improve their size, form, and floriferousness. In many instances,
these characteristics were improved but flower color was substantially diluted. In addition, many
.
a) Rotenone is an isoflavone used as insecticide and pesticide. It w.pdf
a) Rotenone is an isoflavone used as insecticide and pesticide. It works by interfering with
Electron transport chain in mitochondria. It inhibits the transfer of elctrons from Complex 1
toUbiquinone. It is mildly toxic to humans and other mammals. But highly toxic to fish and
insects because it is easily taken up through the gills or trachea but not through skin or
gastrointestinal tract. The inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase by Rotenone decreases the rate of
electron flow which inturn decreases the ATP production. If it does not meet ATP requirements
the organisms die.
b) Antimycin A binds to the Qi site of cytochrome reductase in the mitochondrial complex 3 and
inhibits the oxidation of Ubiquinol. It strongly inhibits the oxidation of reduced Q in the
respiratory chain severely limiting the rate of electron transfer and ATP production.
c) Rotenone inhibits electron flow through complex1 whereas Antimycin Ainhibits electron flow
through NAD linked complex 1 and also at complex 2 from succinate and fatty acyl coA through
FAD. So, Antimycin A is more potent poisonous.
Solution
a) Rotenone is an isoflavone used as insecticide and pesticide. It works by interfering with
Electron transport chain in mitochondria. It inhibits the transfer of elctrons from Complex 1
toUbiquinone. It is mildly toxic to humans and other mammals. But highly toxic to fish and
insects because it is easily taken up through the gills or trachea but not through skin or
gastrointestinal tract. The inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase by Rotenone decreases the rate of
electron flow which inturn decreases the ATP production. If it does not meet ATP requirements
the organisms die.
b) Antimycin A binds to the Qi site of cytochrome reductase in the mitochondrial complex 3 and
inhibits the oxidation of Ubiquinol. It strongly inhibits the oxidation of reduced Q in the
respiratory chain severely limiting the rate of electron transfer and ATP production.
c) Rotenone inhibits electron flow through complex1 whereas Antimycin Ainhibits electron flow
through NAD linked complex 1 and also at complex 2 from succinate and fatty acyl coA through
FAD. So, Antimycin A is more potent poisonous..
A pivot table is a table which is used to store the summary of a cer.pdf
A pivot table is a table which is used to store the summary of a certain data set in a condensed
manner. The table consists of rows, columns, data fields, and pages. These components can be
moved around and it helps the user to expand, isolate, sum, and group the particular data in real
time. This table enables the user to view the differences in a very big set of information. It is
very helpful in organizing a large amount of data in Microsoft Excel.
Easy to Use and data analysis
An important advantage of pivot tables is that it is easy to use. You can easily summarize data by
dragging the columns to different sections of the table. The columns can also be re-arranged as
you wish with the click of a mouse.With the help of excel pivot tables, you can handle large
quantities of data in one single go. These tables allow you to take a large amount of data and
work on it in such a way that you need to view only a few data fields. This helps in the easy
analysis of large amount of data.
Working of the Table and Find Data Patterns
A pivot table takes a user-specified data field and converts the header of each column into a data
option which can be easily manipulated by the user. Columns containing data can be removed
from, added to, or moved around the table quite easily. Here, user friendly and informative
summaries can be created from long spreadsheets of raw data. The data can be summarized in
various ways including frequencies and averages. Using the pivot table in excel has many
benefits which are described below. Excel pivot tables help you to create customized tables from
large data groups. Manipulating data in this manner will help to find recurring patterns in the
data, if any. This in turn will help in accurate data forecast.
Easy Summary of Data with Quick Report Creation
Another important benefit of pivot tables is that it helps to summarize data in a quick and easy
manner. The table helps in making a concise summary out of thousands of rows and columns of
unorganized data. With the help of these tables you can summarize large amounts of information
into a small space. The data can be summarized in a simple format which is easily
understandable. Users can arrange rows and columns of the data according to their needs and
they can label it and sort it in any way they want to.One of the important features of excel pivot
tables is that it helps to create reports in an efficient way. This saves you the long and strenuous
hours that you need to spend for creating reports manually. Apart from this, the table also helps
you provide links to external sources if any, in the report created.
Helps in Quick Decision Making
A pivot table can be considered to be a valuable Excel reporting tool as it allows users to easily
analyze the data and arrive at quick decisions. This serves as a huge advantage in the industrial
world, where it is crucial to make precise and quick decisions.
Conclusion: By considering the advantages that the pivot table have it .
26. DNA molecule contains deoxyribose and is double stranded.27. B.pdf
26. DNA molecule contains deoxyribose and is double stranded.
27. Base pairing in DNA are observed between A and T
28. The major goal of the human genome project is to determine the genome sequence of the
entire human genome.
29. Living material are observed under the light microscope using a wet mount.
30. To view the detailed structure of an organelle, the appropriate microscope would be electron
microscope.
31. The images from microscope can be viewed in all the following methods.
32. The cells which have nuclear material encased inside the nuclear envelope are called as
eukaryotes.
33. The inferior of the cell separated from the outside environment by cell membrane.
Solution
26. DNA molecule contains deoxyribose and is double stranded.
27. Base pairing in DNA are observed between A and T
28. The major goal of the human genome project is to determine the genome sequence of the
entire human genome.
29. Living material are observed under the light microscope using a wet mount.
30. To view the detailed structure of an organelle, the appropriate microscope would be electron
microscope.
31. The images from microscope can be viewed in all the following methods.
32. The cells which have nuclear material encased inside the nuclear envelope are called as
eukaryotes.
33. The inferior of the cell separated from the outside environment by cell membrane..
(A) Current Ratio = Current AssetsCurrent LiabilitiesCurrent Asse.pdf
(A) Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities
Current Asset
3014
5224
Current Liabilities
2911
2800
Current Ratio
1.04
1.87
(B) Quick Ratio = Liquid Asset/Current Liabilities
Liquid Asset = AR+Cash
Liquid Asset
791
3133
Current Liabilities
2911
2800
Liquid Ratio
0.27
1.12
(C) Liabilities to Equity
Total liability include Current Liability + Short term Debt + Long Term Debt
Total Liability
5716
5931
Equity
871
2440
Liability to Equity
6.56
2.43
(D) Debt to Equity Ratio
Debt include Long Term Debt + Short Term Debt
Debt
2805
3131
Equity
871
2440
Debt to Equity Ratio
3.22
1.28
(E) Times Interest Earned
EBIT
1101
1323
Interest Expenses
153
156
Times Interest earned
7.20
8.48
(F) Cash From operation to total debt
Total Debt = Current Liabilities + Long Term Debt + Short Term Debt
Cash from Operation
2451
1220
Debt
5716
5931
Debt Coverage Ratio
43%
21%
(G) Free Operation Cash Flow to Total Debt
Free Cash Flow = Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditure
Free Cash Flow
1369
359
Total Debt
5716
5931
Ratio
24%
6%
Both the quick and current ratios for 2016 decreased in the past year. The current ratio remains
above 1.0, but this is driven in large part by high inventory levels, implying Nordstrom may have
difficulty converting assets to cash. However, its interest coverage ratio remains high, indicating
it has the ability to cover interest payments on its debt.
(A) Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities
Current Asset
3014
5224
Current Liabilities
2911
2800
Current Ratio
1.04
1.87
(B) Quick Ratio = Liquid Asset/Current Liabilities
Liquid Asset = AR+Cash
Liquid Asset
791
3133
Current Liabilities
2911
2800
Liquid Ratio
0.27
1.12
(C) Liabilities to Equity
Total liability include Current Liability + Short term Debt + Long Term Debt
Total Liability
5716
5931
Equity
871
2440
Liability to Equity
6.56
2.43
(D) Debt to Equity Ratio
Debt include Long Term Debt + Short Term Debt
Debt
2805
3131
Equity
871
2440
Debt to Equity Ratio
3.22
1.28
(E) Times Interest Earned
EBIT
1101
1323
Interest Expenses
153
156
Times Interest earned
7.20
8.48
(F) Cash From operation to total debt
Total Debt = Current Liabilities + Long Term Debt + Short Term Debt
Cash from Operation
2451
1220
Debt
5716
5931
Debt Coverage Ratio
43%
21%
(G) Free Operation Cash Flow to Total Debt
Free Cash Flow = Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditure
Free Cash Flow
1369
359
Total Debt
5716
5931
Ratio
24%
6%
Solution
(A) Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities
Current Asset
3014
5224
Current Liabilities
2911
2800
Current Ratio
1.04
1.87
(B) Quick Ratio = Liquid Asset/Current Liabilities
Liquid Asset = AR+Cash
Liquid Asset
791
3133
Current Liabilities
2911
2800
Liquid Ratio
0.27
1.12
(C) Liabilities to Equity
Total liability include Current Liability + Short term Debt + Long Term Debt
Total Liability
5716
5931
Equity
871
2440
Liability to Equity
6.56
2.43
(D) Debt to Equity Ratio
Debt include Long Term Debt + Short Term Debt
Debt
2805
3131
Equity
871
2440
Debt to Equity Rat.
Phosphorous reacts readily with hydrogen to form hydrides; with halo.pdf
Phosphorous reacts readily with hydrogen to form hydrides; with halogens to form hallides;
With oxygen to form oxides; With sulfur to form sulfides These are few of the important
reactions of Phosphorous
Solution
Phosphorous reacts readily with hydrogen to form hydrides; with halogens to form hallides;
With oxygen to form oxides; With sulfur to form sulfides These are few of the important
reactions of Phosphorous.
A group of isotopes representing various stages of radioactive decay.pdf
A group of isotopes representing various stages of radioactive decay in which the heavier
members of the group are transformed into successively lighter ones, the lightest being stable. In
nuclear science, the decay chain refers to the radioactive decay of different discrete radioactive
decay products as a chained series of transformations. Most radioactive elements do not decay
directly to a stable state, but rather undergo a series of decays until eventually a stable isotope is
reached. Decay stages are referred to by their relationship to previous or subsequent stages. A
parent isotope is one that undergoes decay to form a daughter isotope. The daughter isotope may
be stable or it may decay to form a daughter isotope of its own. The daughter of a daughter
isotope is sometimes called a granddaughter isotope. The time it takes for a single parent atom
to decay to an atom of its daughter isotope can vary widely, not only for different parent-
daughter chains, but also for identical pairings of parent and daughter isotopes. While the decay
of a single atom occurs spontaneously, the decay of an initial population of identical atoms over
time, t, follows a decaying exponential distribution, e-?t, where ? is called a decay constant.
Because of this exponential nature, one of the properties of an isotope is its half-life, the time by
which half of an initial number of identical parent radioisotopes have decayed to their daughters.
Half-lives have been determined in laboratories for thousands of radioisotopes (or,
radionuclides). These can range from nearly instantaneous to as much as 1019 years or more.
The intermediate stages often emit more radioactivity than the original radioisotope. When
equilibrium is achieved, a granddaughter isotope is present in proportion to its half-life; but since
its activity is inversely proportional to its half-life, any nuclide in the decay chain finally
contributes as much as the head of the chain. For example, natural uranium is not significantly
radioactive, but pitchblende, a uranium ore, is 13 times more radioactive because of the radium
and other daughter isotopes it contains. Not only are unstable radium isotopes significant
radioactivity emitters, but as the next stage in the decay chain they also generate radon, a heavy,
inert, naturally occurring radioactive gas. Rock containing thorium and/or uranium (such as some
granites) emits radon gas that can accumulate in enclosed places such as basements or
underground mines. Radon exposure is considered the leading cause of lung cancer in non-
smokers.
Solution
A group of isotopes representing various stages of radioactive decay in which the heavier
members of the group are transformed into successively lighter ones, the lightest being stable. In
nuclear science, the decay chain refers to the radioactive decay of different discrete radioactive
decay products as a chained series of transformations. Most radioactive elements do not decay
directly to a stable state.
n should be 5 here Calcium sulfate (or calcium su.pdf
n should be 5 here Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is a common laboratory
and industrial chemical. In the form of ?-anhydrite (the nearly anhydrous form), it is used as a
desiccant. It is also used as a coagulant in products like tofu.[3] In the natural state, unrefined
calcium sulfate is a translucent, crystalline white rock. When sold as a color-indicating variant
under the name Drierite, it appears blue or pink due to impregnation with Cobalt(II) chloride,
which functions as a moisture indicator. The hemihydrate (CaSO4·~0.5H2O) is better known as
plaster of Paris, while the dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) occurs naturally as gypsum. The anhydrous
form occurs naturally as ß-anhydrite. Depending on the method of calcination of calcium sulfate
dihydrate, specific hemihydrates are sometimes distinguished: alpha-hemihydrate and beta-
hemihydrate.[4] They appear to differ only in crystal size. Alpha-hemihydrate crystals are more
prismatic than beta-hemihydrate crystals and, when mixed with water, form a much stronger and
harder superstructure.[5]
Solution
n should be 5 here Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is a common laboratory
and industrial chemical. In the form of ?-anhydrite (the nearly anhydrous form), it is used as a
desiccant. It is also used as a coagulant in products like tofu.[3] In the natural state, unrefined
calcium sulfate is a translucent, crystalline white rock. When sold as a color-indicating variant
under the name Drierite, it appears blue or pink due to impregnation with Cobalt(II) chloride,
which functions as a moisture indicator. The hemihydrate (CaSO4·~0.5H2O) is better known as
plaster of Paris, while the dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) occurs naturally as gypsum. The anhydrous
form occurs naturally as ß-anhydrite. Depending on the method of calcination of calcium sulfate
dihydrate, specific hemihydrates are sometimes distinguished: alpha-hemihydrate and beta-
hemihydrate.[4] They appear to differ only in crystal size. Alpha-hemihydrate crystals are more
prismatic than beta-hemihydrate crystals and, when mixed with water, form a much stronger and
harder superstructure.[5].
Molarity = moles Litres of solution. Work out .pdf
Molarity = moles / Litres of solution. Work out how many moles of each reagent
you add to the initial solution. Then use the total volume of the initial solution to determine the
molarity. Use this equation to solve.
Solution
Molarity = moles / Litres of solution. Work out how many moles of each reagent
you add to the initial solution. Then use the total volume of the initial solution to determine the
molarity. Use this equation to solve..
How many ml of .20 M NaOh are required to neutral.pdf
How many ml of .20 M NaOh are required to neutralize 50.0 ml of .41 M HBr?
M1 = molarity of HBr = 0.41 M : V1 = volume of HBr = 50.0mL M2 = molarity of NaOH =
0.20 : V2 = volume of NaOH By titration we have M1V1=M2V2 V2=(M1V1)/M2=
(0.41*50)/0.20 = 102.5mL NaOH What is the pH of a solution to which 35.0 ml of .20 M HCl
and 50.0 ml of .42M NaOH have been combined? Moles = molarity * volume Moles of HCl =
0.50M*(35/1000)L = 0.0175 mol HCl Moles of NaOH = 0.42 M * (50/1000)L=0.021 mol
NaOH Moles of NaOH left in the solution = 0.021 - 0.0175 = 0.0035 mol NaOH Molarity of
NaOH = moles of NaOH left/ total volume of the solution =0.0034/((50+35)/1000)L = 0.04 M
pOH = -log[OH-] = -log(0.04)=1.40 pH + pOH = 14 pH = 14-pOH = 14-1.40 = 12.6 Hope it
has help you.... !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Solution
How many ml of .20 M NaOh are required to neutralize 50.0 ml of .41 M HBr?
M1 = molarity of HBr = 0.41 M : V1 = volume of HBr = 50.0mL M2 = molarity of NaOH =
0.20 : V2 = volume of NaOH By titration we have M1V1=M2V2 V2=(M1V1)/M2=
(0.41*50)/0.20 = 102.5mL NaOH What is the pH of a solution to which 35.0 ml of .20 M HCl
and 50.0 ml of .42M NaOH have been combined? Moles = molarity * volume Moles of HCl =
0.50M*(35/1000)L = 0.0175 mol HCl Moles of NaOH = 0.42 M * (50/1000)L=0.021 mol
NaOH Moles of NaOH left in the solution = 0.021 - 0.0175 = 0.0035 mol NaOH Molarity of
NaOH = moles of NaOH left/ total volume of the solution =0.0034/((50+35)/1000)L = 0.04 M
pOH = -log[OH-] = -log(0.04)=1.40 pH + pOH = 14 pH = 14-pOH = 14-1.40 = 12.6 Hope it
has help you.... !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.
It looks like you have two molecules there. CH3C.pdf
It looks like you have two molecules there. CH3CHO is acetaldehyde (ethanal)
HN(CH3)CH3 is dimethylamine (N-methylmethamine) IUPAC names are in parenthesis, the
common names are more often used.
Solution
It looks like you have two molecules there. CH3CHO is acetaldehyde (ethanal)
HN(CH3)CH3 is dimethylamine (N-methylmethamine) IUPAC names are in parenthesis, the
common names are more often used..
In H3O+ ion there are four electronpairs on the v.pdf
In H3O+ ion there are four electronpairs on the valency shell of the central atom .
Out of this 4, oneis lone pair of electrons and other three is bond pair electrons.So it is in trigonal
pyramidal geometry.
Solution
In H3O+ ion there are four electronpairs on the valency shell of the central atom .
Out of this 4, oneis lone pair of electrons and other three is bond pair electrons.So it is in trigonal
pyramidal geometry..
According to periodic properties Theatomic radius is increases .pdf
According to periodic properties Theatomic radius is increases from top to bottom and
decreases fromleft to right .
Cs+is at IA group lastbutone in that group .So the radius of that ion is having more.
And the remaining elements S andSe2+ comes under same group.They are having more
radiusthan F .
Among the S and Se2+ , S ia having small radius than Se2+.becausein groups size of the ion is
increases.
The priority Order is
Cs+ > Se2+> S > F
Fluorine got number 1 . and Cs+got number 4
Solution
According to periodic properties Theatomic radius is increases from top to bottom and
decreases fromleft to right .
Cs+is at IA group lastbutone in that group .So the radius of that ion is having more.
And the remaining elements S andSe2+ comes under same group.They are having more
radiusthan F .
Among the S and Se2+ , S ia having small radius than Se2+.becausein groups size of the ion is
increases.
The priority Order is
Cs+ > Se2+> S > F
Fluorine got number 1 . and Cs+got number 4.
Why does one would like all of this social control stuff the most g.pdf
Why does one would like all of this social control stuff? the most goal is to avoid redundancy in
your knowledge. Redundancy will result in numerous anomalies once you modify your
knowledge. each truth ought to be keep just one occasion and you ought to grasp wherever to
seem for every truth. The social control method brings order to your file. you choose to evolve to
bound rules wherever every truth is keep.
Nowadays the go-to traditional types ar either the Boyce-Codd traditional form (BCNF), that
we\'ll cowl here these days, or the third traditional type (3NF), which can be coated later. (Yes,
there are the primary, second, fourth, fifth traditional type. We’ll mention them later.)
The Boyce-Codd traditional type
A relative schema R is taken into account to be in Boyce–Codd traditional type (BCNF) if, for
each one among its dependencies X Y, one among the subsequent conditions holds true:
X Y could be a trivial useful dependency (i.e., Y could be a set of X)
X could be a superkey for schema R
Informally the Boyce-Codd traditional type is expressed as “Each attribute should represent a
truth concerning the key, the total key, and zilch however the key.”
Solution
Why does one would like all of this social control stuff? the most goal is to avoid redundancy in
your knowledge. Redundancy will result in numerous anomalies once you modify your
knowledge. each truth ought to be keep just one occasion and you ought to grasp wherever to
seem for every truth. The social control method brings order to your file. you choose to evolve to
bound rules wherever every truth is keep.
Nowadays the go-to traditional types ar either the Boyce-Codd traditional form (BCNF), that
we\'ll cowl here these days, or the third traditional type (3NF), which can be coated later. (Yes,
there are the primary, second, fourth, fifth traditional type. We’ll mention them later.)
The Boyce-Codd traditional type
A relative schema R is taken into account to be in Boyce–Codd traditional type (BCNF) if, for
each one among its dependencies X Y, one among the subsequent conditions holds true:
X Y could be a trivial useful dependency (i.e., Y could be a set of X)
X could be a superkey for schema R
Informally the Boyce-Codd traditional type is expressed as “Each attribute should represent a
truth concerning the key, the total key, and zilch however the key.”.
We know that absorbance , A = log ( Io It ) Where Io = intensity.pdf
We know that absorbance , A = log ( Io / It )
Where Io = intensity of incident light
It = intensity of transmitted light = 3 % ofIo
= 0.03 Io
Plug the values we get A = log ( Io /0.03Io )
= log (1/0.03)
= 1.52
Solution
We know that absorbance , A = log ( Io / It )
Where Io = intensity of incident light
It = intensity of transmitted light = 3 % ofIo
= 0.03 Io
Plug the values we get A = log ( Io /0.03Io )
= log (1/0.03)
= 1.52.
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RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
1. what is the central dogma of geneticsans Central dogma of gen.pdf
- 1. 1. what is the central dogma of genetics? ans: Central dogma of genetics leads to the information related that how one information or character is transferred from generation to generation .ie, the flow of information realted to genetics in the cells from DNA to mRNA and lastly in the form of proteins.So all this process how the information from DNA to protein is transferred is the central dogma of genetics. 2.What's the difference between mixed culture and pure culture?how do you isolate a pure culture from a mixed culture?Draw out the steps.which quadrent will have the most colonies?which have the least.explain. ans: Difference between mixed and pure culture is that the name itself defines that pure culture is the culture which contains only one organism and in mixed culture it has more than one organisms. There are methods to be followed to get pure culture from a mixed culture.They are....SPREAD plate technique and STREAK plate technique after these techniques several methods are there like staining and all are performed and then organism is stored or used as pure culture. 1st quadrent will have more colonies because this quadrent has been streaked fully so organisms will grow here more.No other quadrent have been streaked so no colonies but quadrent 2 and 4 can have some colonies if streaking is not done properly but quadrent 3 will have least number of colonies. Solution 1. what is the central dogma of genetics? ans: Central dogma of genetics leads to the information related that how one information or character is transferred from generation to generation .ie, the flow of information realted to genetics in the cells from DNA to mRNA and lastly in the form of proteins.So all this process how the information from DNA to protein is transferred is the central dogma of genetics. 2.What's the difference between mixed culture and pure culture?how do you isolate a pure culture from a mixed culture?Draw out the steps.which quadrent will have the most colonies?which have the least.explain. ans: Difference between mixed and pure culture is that the name itself defines that pure culture is the culture which contains only one organism and in mixed culture it has more than one organisms. There are methods to be followed to get pure culture from a mixed culture.They are....SPREAD plate technique and STREAK plate technique after these techniques several methods are there like staining and all are performed and then organism is stored or used as pure culture.
- 2. 1st quadrent will have more colonies because this quadrent has been streaked fully so organisms will grow here more.No other quadrent have been streaked so no colonies but quadrent 2 and 4 can have some colonies if streaking is not done properly but quadrent 3 will have least number of colonies.