1) What is cognition2) What is decision making3) What is the d.pdf
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1) What is cognition? 2) What is decision making? 3) What is the difference between additive strategy ad elimination by aspects? 4) What is problem solving? 4) What is analogy heuristic? 5) What is working backward? 6) What is means-end analysis? 7) What is the triarchic theory of intelligence? 8) What is the difference between validity and reliabiltiy ? 9) What is the intelligence quotient? 10) what is the nature-nurture debate? Where do you stand? 11) what is creativity? 12) What is divergent thinking? Solution 1. Cognition: Cognition is defined as a process of gaining knowledge. It is a mental process which includes thinking, judging, problem solving, decision making, remembering, etc. Basically, cognition means all the processes that help in acquiring knowedge. 2. Decision making: Genrally, decision making is defined as a set of action being taken to take a decision. It is a part of cognitive psychology. It means selecting a belief or action among all other possibilities. It may or may not be prompt. 3. 4. Problem- solving: Problem solving is defined as a method of using all the known information to solve a particular problem. The main aim of problem solving is to eliminate all the shortcomings to get the best result. Basically, problem solving means all the mental processes that an indiviual uses to analyse and to find solution to a problem.Additive strategyElimination by aspectsIn this strategy, one systematically evaluate important features of all the alternatives.In this strategy, one rate the choices based on features.In this, elimination is based on proper evaluation.One eliminates all the alternatives that does not match the critera..
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life Skill - Metacognition
Metacognition, meaning of Metacognition, definition of Metacognition, components of Metacognition, Metacognition knowledge, kinds of content knowledge, essential skills of Metacognition, Metacognition levels of thought, Metacognition and learning, Metacognition and reading, Metacognition and listening, Metacognition and problem solving, benefits of Metacognition,
Top of FormBottom of FormStrategies for Decision MakingPro.docx
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Strategies for Decision Making
Problem Solving and Decision Making
Components of a problem
· Givens: pieces of information that are provided when the problem is presented
· Goal: The desired end state – what a problem solution will hopefully accomplish
· Operations: Actions that can be performed to approach or reach the goal
Steps in Problem-Solving Process
What is Groupthink?
Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that may cause a failure of a group’s performance. This is a trap that any previously successful group may get in.
The "groupthink" term was proposed by social psychologist Irving Janis (1972). It occurs when a group makes faulty decisions because group pressures lead to a deterioration of “mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment” (p. 9). The alternatives are ignored and irrational actions dehumanize other groups. A group is especially vulnerable to groupthink when its members are similar in background, when the group is insulated from outside opinions, and when there are no clear rules for decision making.
Janis, Irving L. (1972). Victims of Groupthink. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Janis, Irving L. (1982). Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Second Edition. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Symptoms of Groupthink
There are eight symptoms of groupthink:
· Illusion of invulnerability –Creates excessive optimism that encourages taking extreme risks.
· Collective rationalization – Members discount warnings and do not reconsider their assumptions.
· Belief in inherent morality – Members believe in the rightness of their cause and therefore ignore the ethical or moral consequences of their decisions.
· Stereotyped views of out-groups – Negative views of the “enemy” make effective responses to conflict seem unnecessary.
· Direct pressure on dissenters – Members are under pressure not to express arguments against any of the group’s views.
· Self-censorship – Doubts and deviations from the perceived group consensus are not expressed.
· Illusion of unanimity – The majority view and judgments are assumed to be unanimous.
· Self-appointed ‘mindguards’ – Members protect the group and the leader from information that is problematic or contradictory to the group’s cohesiveness, view, and/or decisions.
Remedies for Groupthink
Decision experts have determined that groupthink may be prevented by adopting some of the following measures:
1. The leader should assign the role of critical evaluator to each member
2. The leader should avoid stating preferences and expectations at the outset
3. Each member of the group should routinely discuss the group's deliberations with a trusted associate and report back to the group on the associate's reactions
4. One or more experts should be invited to each meeting on a staggered basis. The outside experts should be encouraged to challenge views of the members.
5. At least one articulate and knowledgeable member should be given the role of devi ...
Decision MakingDr. Craig R. SealOrganization Theory and Beha.docx
Decision Making
Dr. Craig R. Seal
Organization Theory and Behavior
California State University, San Bernardino
1
Dolan, S. & Lingham, T. (2012). Introduction to International Organizational Behavior. Global Higher Education Alliance.
Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T. A. (2012). Essentials of Organizational Behavior (11th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Janis, I. L. (November, 1971). Groupthink. Psychology Today, 5(6), 43–46.
Harvey, J. B. (1974). The Abilene paradox: the management of agreement. Organizational Dynamics, 3, 63–80.
1
Contents
Decision-Making
Decision-Making Models
Decision-Making Biases
Group Decision-Making
2
Learning Objectives
Understand the difference between programmed and non-programmed decisions
Understand the difference between lateral and vertical thinking
Compare and contrast rational decision making and bounded rationality
Identify biases in decision-making
Discuss the symptoms of Groupthink and Abiliene
Discuss group decision-making
3
Decision Making
Decision Making Processes
4
Decision Making
Decision making is the process of choosing from among alternatives
5
5
Types of Decisions
Programmed
(ACADEMIC)
Well defined
Repetitive and routine
Formulated by others
Necessary information provided
One correct answer
Defined procedure
Limited methods to obtain answer
Disembodied from everyday experience
Non-Programmed
(PRACTICAL)
Ill defined
Novel and complex
Unformulated
Additional information required
Multiple ‘correct’ answers
No established procedure
Multiple methods to obtain answer
Embedded in everyday experience
6
6
Approaches to Decisions
Lateral Thinking
(Creative)
Tries to find new ways for looking at things
Avoids looking for what is right
Analyzes ideas to determine how they might be used
Attempts to introduce discontinuity
Welcomes chance intrusions of information
Progresses by avoiding the obvious
Vertical Thinking
(Traditional)
Tries to find absolutes for judging relationships
Seeks a yes or no justification
Analyzes ideas to determine why they do not work
Seeks continuity by logically proceeding from step to step
Selectively chooses what to consider for generating ideas
Progresses by using established patterns
7
7
Decision Making Models
Decision Making Processes
8
Rational Decision Making
(Classical Decision Theory)
Decision making is a rational process whereby decision makers seek to maximize the chances of achieving their desired outcome by considering all possible alternatives and consequences
Consistently rational and objective
Has complete information
Can identify all the relevant options
Can anticipate all likely consequences
Chooses the option with the highest utility
9
Decision-Making Process
Define the problem
Gather information
Develop alternatives
Evaluate alternatives
Select an alternative
Implement the alternative
Monitor the implemented alterative
10
10
Bounded Rationality
(Theory of Administrative Man)
The limited information-processing capability of human beings makes it impossi.
Recommended
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Top of FormBottom of FormStrategies for Decision MakingPro.docx
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Strategies for Decision Making
Problem Solving and Decision Making
Components of a problem
· Givens: pieces of information that are provided when the problem is presented
· Goal: The desired end state – what a problem solution will hopefully accomplish
· Operations: Actions that can be performed to approach or reach the goal
Steps in Problem-Solving Process
What is Groupthink?
Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that may cause a failure of a group’s performance. This is a trap that any previously successful group may get in.
The "groupthink" term was proposed by social psychologist Irving Janis (1972). It occurs when a group makes faulty decisions because group pressures lead to a deterioration of “mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment” (p. 9). The alternatives are ignored and irrational actions dehumanize other groups. A group is especially vulnerable to groupthink when its members are similar in background, when the group is insulated from outside opinions, and when there are no clear rules for decision making.
Janis, Irving L. (1972). Victims of Groupthink. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Janis, Irving L. (1982). Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Second Edition. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Symptoms of Groupthink
There are eight symptoms of groupthink:
· Illusion of invulnerability –Creates excessive optimism that encourages taking extreme risks.
· Collective rationalization – Members discount warnings and do not reconsider their assumptions.
· Belief in inherent morality – Members believe in the rightness of their cause and therefore ignore the ethical or moral consequences of their decisions.
· Stereotyped views of out-groups – Negative views of the “enemy” make effective responses to conflict seem unnecessary.
· Direct pressure on dissenters – Members are under pressure not to express arguments against any of the group’s views.
· Self-censorship – Doubts and deviations from the perceived group consensus are not expressed.
· Illusion of unanimity – The majority view and judgments are assumed to be unanimous.
· Self-appointed ‘mindguards’ – Members protect the group and the leader from information that is problematic or contradictory to the group’s cohesiveness, view, and/or decisions.
Remedies for Groupthink
Decision experts have determined that groupthink may be prevented by adopting some of the following measures:
1. The leader should assign the role of critical evaluator to each member
2. The leader should avoid stating preferences and expectations at the outset
3. Each member of the group should routinely discuss the group's deliberations with a trusted associate and report back to the group on the associate's reactions
4. One or more experts should be invited to each meeting on a staggered basis. The outside experts should be encouraged to challenge views of the members.
5. At least one articulate and knowledgeable member should be given the role of devi ...
Decision MakingDr. Craig R. SealOrganization Theory and Beha.docx
Decision Making
Dr. Craig R. Seal
Organization Theory and Behavior
California State University, San Bernardino
1
Dolan, S. & Lingham, T. (2012). Introduction to International Organizational Behavior. Global Higher Education Alliance.
Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T. A. (2012). Essentials of Organizational Behavior (11th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Janis, I. L. (November, 1971). Groupthink. Psychology Today, 5(6), 43–46.
Harvey, J. B. (1974). The Abilene paradox: the management of agreement. Organizational Dynamics, 3, 63–80.
1
Contents
Decision-Making
Decision-Making Models
Decision-Making Biases
Group Decision-Making
2
Learning Objectives
Understand the difference between programmed and non-programmed decisions
Understand the difference between lateral and vertical thinking
Compare and contrast rational decision making and bounded rationality
Identify biases in decision-making
Discuss the symptoms of Groupthink and Abiliene
Discuss group decision-making
3
Decision Making
Decision Making Processes
4
Decision Making
Decision making is the process of choosing from among alternatives
5
5
Types of Decisions
Programmed
(ACADEMIC)
Well defined
Repetitive and routine
Formulated by others
Necessary information provided
One correct answer
Defined procedure
Limited methods to obtain answer
Disembodied from everyday experience
Non-Programmed
(PRACTICAL)
Ill defined
Novel and complex
Unformulated
Additional information required
Multiple ‘correct’ answers
No established procedure
Multiple methods to obtain answer
Embedded in everyday experience
6
6
Approaches to Decisions
Lateral Thinking
(Creative)
Tries to find new ways for looking at things
Avoids looking for what is right
Analyzes ideas to determine how they might be used
Attempts to introduce discontinuity
Welcomes chance intrusions of information
Progresses by avoiding the obvious
Vertical Thinking
(Traditional)
Tries to find absolutes for judging relationships
Seeks a yes or no justification
Analyzes ideas to determine why they do not work
Seeks continuity by logically proceeding from step to step
Selectively chooses what to consider for generating ideas
Progresses by using established patterns
7
7
Decision Making Models
Decision Making Processes
8
Rational Decision Making
(Classical Decision Theory)
Decision making is a rational process whereby decision makers seek to maximize the chances of achieving their desired outcome by considering all possible alternatives and consequences
Consistently rational and objective
Has complete information
Can identify all the relevant options
Can anticipate all likely consequences
Chooses the option with the highest utility
9
Decision-Making Process
Define the problem
Gather information
Develop alternatives
Evaluate alternatives
Select an alternative
Implement the alternative
Monitor the implemented alterative
10
10
Bounded Rationality
(Theory of Administrative Man)
The limited information-processing capability of human beings makes it impossi.
Supervision of Instruction and Analysis of Teaching Report.pptx
Theories in Improving a Decision Making Process
PSYCHOLOGY : COGNITIVE FUNCTION THINKING
TOPIC: THINKING
Specific objective:
1. Introduce Thinking
2. Definition
3. Nature
4. Influencing factors of thinking
5. Types
6. Levels
7. Stages of development
8. Relationship of language and communication.
9. Reasoning
INTRODUCTION
People think-that’s obvious. Human are rational beings & our rationality consists in our ability to think & reason. It is because of our capacity for better thinking that we are superior to other animals in learning & in making adjustment. During most of our waking hours, & even when we are asleep & dreaming, we are thinking.
DEFINITION
1. Thinking is an activity concerning ideas, symbolic in character initiated by a problem or task which the individual is facing, involving some trial & error but under the directing influence of that problem & ultimately leading to a conclusion or solution of the problem.
-Warren
2. Thinking is the organization & reorganization of current learning in the present circumstances with the help of learning & past experiences. ---------Vinacke (1968)
3. Thinking is the perceptual relationship which provides for the solution of the problem.
-Maier
NATURE
• It is essentially a cognitive activity.
• It is always directed to achieve some end or purpose.
• It is described as a problem-solving behavior.
• It is a symbolic activity.
• It is mental exploration instead of motor exploration.
• It can shift very rapidly.
• It is internal activity.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THINKING
1. Thinking process starts with sensation which is organized in cognition to have the perception.
2. It is always directed towards achieving some purpose.
3. Thinking is described as a problem solving behavior.
4. Thinking is a symbolic activity in thinking a mental solution of the problem is carried out though some signs symbols and mental images
INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THINKING
1. Strong motivation
2. Application and interest
3. Alertness and flexibility:
4. Intelligence
5. Limitations of time
6. Absence of emotions
7. Impact of superstition
8. Knowledge of language
9. Concepts
10. Contact with society
TYPES
1. Perceptual or concrete thinking
2. Conceptual or abstract thinking
3. Creative thinking
4. Logical thinking/ reasoning
5. Problem solving
6. Convergent Vs Divergent thinking
1. Perceptual or concrete thinking
• It is based on perception.
• Perception is the process of interpretation of sensation according to one’s experience.
• It is also called concrete thinking as it is carried over the perception of actual or concrete & events.
• It is one-dimensional & literal thinking which has limited use of metaphor without understanding nuances of meaning.
Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking -Lesson 3 - Copy.pptx
Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking -Lesson 3
Critical Thinking: Building Good Judgement
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Group decisiion making
This presentation is based upon the topic "Group decision making".
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Define a knowledge-based agent, and describe its major components. W.pdf
Create a function mean comp that compares the mean value of the odd numbered elements with
the mean value of the even numbered elements and returns: if they are equal, if the mean of the
odd numbered elements is greater, if the mean of the even numbered elements is greater.
Solution
A sample Java Program methods
public static void main(String []args){
float[] list = {1.0f, 7.0f, 8.0f, 1.0f};
System.out.println(meancomp(list));
}
static int meancomp(float[] list) {
float evenSum = 0.0f;
float oddSum = 0.0f;
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 1)
evenSum = evenSum + list[i];
else
oddSum = oddSum + list[i];
}
int noOfEvenElements = list.length / 2;
int noOfOddElements = list.length / 2 + list.length % 2;
float evenMean = evenSum / (float) noOfEvenElements;
float oddMean = oddSum / (float) noOfOddElements;
int result = Float.compare(evenMean, oddMean);
if (result == 0)
return 0;
else if (result < 0)
return 1;
else
return 2;
}.
Create a function mean comp that compares the mean value of the odd n.pdf
Consider the titration of50.0 mL of 0.217 M hydrazoic acid (HN3, Ka=2.6 x 10^-5) with 0.183M
NaOH. The pH of the soluion before any NaOH is added is____
The answer is 2.62
I cant figure out what to do after you get the moles
Solution
Concentration of acid = 0.217M
[H+] = sqrt (Ka* C)
[H+] = 2.37 * 10 ^ -3
so pH = -log([H+]) = 2.624.
More Related Content
Similar to 1) What is cognition2) What is decision making3) What is the d.pdf
Supervision of Instruction and Analysis of Teaching Report.pptx
Theories in Improving a Decision Making Process
PSYCHOLOGY : COGNITIVE FUNCTION THINKING
TOPIC: THINKING
Specific objective:
1. Introduce Thinking
2. Definition
3. Nature
4. Influencing factors of thinking
5. Types
6. Levels
7. Stages of development
8. Relationship of language and communication.
9. Reasoning
INTRODUCTION
People think-that’s obvious. Human are rational beings & our rationality consists in our ability to think & reason. It is because of our capacity for better thinking that we are superior to other animals in learning & in making adjustment. During most of our waking hours, & even when we are asleep & dreaming, we are thinking.
DEFINITION
1. Thinking is an activity concerning ideas, symbolic in character initiated by a problem or task which the individual is facing, involving some trial & error but under the directing influence of that problem & ultimately leading to a conclusion or solution of the problem.
-Warren
2. Thinking is the organization & reorganization of current learning in the present circumstances with the help of learning & past experiences. ---------Vinacke (1968)
3. Thinking is the perceptual relationship which provides for the solution of the problem.
-Maier
NATURE
• It is essentially a cognitive activity.
• It is always directed to achieve some end or purpose.
• It is described as a problem-solving behavior.
• It is a symbolic activity.
• It is mental exploration instead of motor exploration.
• It can shift very rapidly.
• It is internal activity.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THINKING
1. Thinking process starts with sensation which is organized in cognition to have the perception.
2. It is always directed towards achieving some purpose.
3. Thinking is described as a problem solving behavior.
4. Thinking is a symbolic activity in thinking a mental solution of the problem is carried out though some signs symbols and mental images
INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THINKING
1. Strong motivation
2. Application and interest
3. Alertness and flexibility:
4. Intelligence
5. Limitations of time
6. Absence of emotions
7. Impact of superstition
8. Knowledge of language
9. Concepts
10. Contact with society
TYPES
1. Perceptual or concrete thinking
2. Conceptual or abstract thinking
3. Creative thinking
4. Logical thinking/ reasoning
5. Problem solving
6. Convergent Vs Divergent thinking
1. Perceptual or concrete thinking
• It is based on perception.
• Perception is the process of interpretation of sensation according to one’s experience.
• It is also called concrete thinking as it is carried over the perception of actual or concrete & events.
• It is one-dimensional & literal thinking which has limited use of metaphor without understanding nuances of meaning.
Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking -Lesson 3 - Copy.pptx
Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking -Lesson 3
Critical Thinking: Building Good Judgement
Critical thinking is very important for success in research. This set of slides deals with critical thinking and its importance.
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Lesson Note (Week 1) first presentation [Autosaved] [Autosaved] [Autosaved].pptx
Lesson Note (Week 1) first presentation [Autosaved] [Autosaved] [Autosaved].pptx
More from fathimaoptical
Define a knowledge-based agent, and describe its major components. W.pdf
Create a function mean comp that compares the mean value of the odd numbered elements with
the mean value of the even numbered elements and returns: if they are equal, if the mean of the
odd numbered elements is greater, if the mean of the even numbered elements is greater.
Solution
A sample Java Program methods
public static void main(String []args){
float[] list = {1.0f, 7.0f, 8.0f, 1.0f};
System.out.println(meancomp(list));
}
static int meancomp(float[] list) {
float evenSum = 0.0f;
float oddSum = 0.0f;
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 1)
evenSum = evenSum + list[i];
else
oddSum = oddSum + list[i];
}
int noOfEvenElements = list.length / 2;
int noOfOddElements = list.length / 2 + list.length % 2;
float evenMean = evenSum / (float) noOfEvenElements;
float oddMean = oddSum / (float) noOfOddElements;
int result = Float.compare(evenMean, oddMean);
if (result == 0)
return 0;
else if (result < 0)
return 1;
else
return 2;
}.
Create a function mean comp that compares the mean value of the odd n.pdf
Consider the titration of50.0 mL of 0.217 M hydrazoic acid (HN3, Ka=2.6 x 10^-5) with 0.183M
NaOH. The pH of the soluion before any NaOH is added is____
The answer is 2.62
I cant figure out what to do after you get the moles
Solution
Concentration of acid = 0.217M
[H+] = sqrt (Ka* C)
[H+] = 2.37 * 10 ^ -3
so pH = -log([H+]) = 2.624.
Compare naive, effector, and memory T & B cells (survival time, Ig &.pdf
Choose one of the evolutions of CIT and discuss how it may have made the application of CIT to
specific leadership consultations more useful.
Solution
Ans:- In late 2004, Georgia began implementation of a statewide Crisis Intervention Team (CIT)
program to train a portion of its law enforcement officers to respond safely and effectively to
individuals with mental illnesses who are in crisis. This overview provides a description of the
evolution of the Georgia CIT, including discussions of the historical context in which the
program developed; the program\'s vision, mission, and objectives; the importance of the
multidisciplinary Georgia CIT Advisory Board; the training curriculum; the role played by state
and local coordinators; the value of stakeholders\' meetings; practical operations of the program;
the importance of considering the adequacy of community-based and hospital-based psychiatric
services; costs and funding; the program\'s expansion plan; and evaluation, research, and
academic collaborations. These detailed descriptions of the Georgia CIT program may be useful
for professionals involved in local, regional, or state CIT program planning and may provide a
practical synopsis of one example of this collaborative model that is being rapidly disseminated
across the U.S.
: When meeting with the Athens County Planning Committee, the reviewers thought it important
to set the tone of the onsite review process by discussing the purpose and role of the Core
Elements. While there is a lot of variability across CIT development (which is good for
innovation), the Core elements can provide direction for communities to positively assess their
CIT program. Most developing CIT programs go through common growth stages. From its
inception to a committed group of people that bring an initial training to their community, to a
policy driven, data rich CIT program, the core elements provide a way to guide the growth of
programs. Such elements also create consensus on what CIT is NOT: A twelve hour training that
does not include role play is not CIT training.
It is when the Core elements are used to define “fidelity” concerning CIT programs, that natural
tensions arise. Rural vs. urban, large vs. small departments, disparities in resources, and how
well developed other Criminal Justice initiates are within a county, like specialized courts and/or
jail diversion programs, all impact the specific elements. Three common areas of tension are the
length of trainings, who gets trained (voluntary or mandatory), and how the deescalation/role
play blocks of the training are taught. The reviewers noted that their goal is not to assign where
Athens county is in their program fidelity, but rather use the Core elements to focus discussions
on program development. To illustrate this, the reviewers provide a handout (The CIT Pyramid)
depicting the typical path that CIT program development can take (see Attachment #1). As CIT
develops beyond training and into a full fle.
Consider the titration of50.0 mL of 0.217 M hydrazoic acid (HN3, Ka=.pdf
Consider blending polypropylene (80%) and EDPM (20%) in the melting zone of the screw
channel of a single screw extruder with a speed of 120 rpm and a flow rate Q of 3 times 10^-6
m^3/s at 190 degree C. Calculate the viscosity ratio needed for the breakup of the droplets under
the following conditions: Screw speed = 120 rpm L/D s 5 Flight clearance = 0.2 mm Right width
= 4 mm Screw diameter = 25 mm Initial radius of EPDM particles = 1 mu m PP/EDPM
interfacial tension @ 190 degree C = 3 times 10^-3 N/m PP viscosity = 400 Pa-s
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The answer of following question is as follows..
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Productive efficiency O is represented by the points outside and to the right of the Production
Possibilities Frontier. O means that all the economy\'s resources are fully employed using the
current technology O requires developing new technology and better human capital in the
Production Possibilities Frontier model. O applies to points inside the Production Possibilities
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production. 0.1 pts D Question 17 The concave shape of the Production Possibilities Frontier
indicates
Solution
Answer 16 : Production efficiency means that all the economic resources are fully employed
using the current technology. It is used to show that various possible combination of goods and
services produced within a particular period of time within a given technology and resources.
Answer 17 : The concave shape of the production possibility frontier indicated the law of
increasing oppournity cost. As the production possibility curve is downward sloping it means
that one more unit of production increases the sacrificing of more another units.
Answer 18 : The statement is True that when the firm has an absolute advantage when it can
produced a product it is not necessary to have comparative advantages also. A nation might have
an absolute advantage but not a comparative advantage in the production of a given product.A
country enjoyed an absolute advantage over another country when they used fewer resources to
produce that product from another country..
Write a GUI application to simulate writing out a check. The value o.pdf
Use a power series to approximate the definite integral,I, to six decimal places.
Solution
(x^3)/(1 + x^4) = (x^3)*(1 + x^4)^-1 = (x^3)*(1 - x^4 + x^8 + . . . using the
binomial formula. (I doubt whether any more is necessary.) INT [0, 0.2] (x^3)/(1 + x^4) dx =
INT [0, 0.2] x^3 - x^7 + x^11 - . . . = (1/4)x^4 - (1/8)x^8 + (1/12)x^12 - . . . = (1/4)*0.2^4 -
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two more pages of elaboration to how Trumpcare and Obamacare relates to health care finance.
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with ACA as the law of the land, the uninsured Americans would be 28 million will remain
stable for the next decade. The analysis of an earlier version of the bill, there is an estimate of 54
million could be uninsured by 2026 in case of implementation of the AHCA. The ACA have
provision to impose penalty on consumers who can afford to buy health insurance but do not do
so, known as the individual mandate payment. it’s paid when you file your federal tax return.
This penalty can be either 2.5% of income up to the total yearly premium or $695 per person up
to $2,085, whichever is higher. AHCA eliminates the individual mandate and offers an incentive
to consumers who maintain insurance coverage: insurance companies can charge a 30% penalty
who buy health insurance after had a gap in required coverage exceeding 63 days. The 30%
penalty would apply for 12 months. The ACA requires that all major health policies sold to
consumers offer coverage for 10 categories of essential health benefits: Outpatient services,
Emergency services , Maternity and newborn care, Hospitalization. Prescription medication ,
Mental health and substance abuse services, Laboratory services. Pediatric services,
Rehabilitation services, including vision and oral. Preventative, wellness, and chronic disease
management services. The AHCA eliminates these protections by giving a waiver to define what
they consider essential health benefits. States could allow insurance companies to sell plans that
do not cover prescription drugs or maternity care. The ACA and AHCA have the same rules for
newborns. A baby can be added to family existing health insurance plan or can buy a new plan to
give cover the baby. AHCA is making major changes in the health insurance by reducing the
requirements and making change in the structure of total offered government subsidies. On the
analysis, the CBO has reported the current changes would make health insurance more
affordable for few customers. Obamacare: The ACA increased Medicare taxes for the
households having incomes above $250,000. The legislation gave some tax credits to middle-
income earners to help them pay out-of-pocket health expenses. The AHCA repeals taxes of
previous insurance plan. It was mandatory for the companies employing more than 50 employees
to offer health insurance or pay a pena.
What is this image trying to tell you about the American West.pdf
The probability that a man will be alive in 10 year is 0.8 and the probability that his wife will be
alive in 10 years is 0.9 Find the probability that in 10 years Both will be alive; Only the man will
be alive; Only the wife will be alive; At least one will be alive.
Solution
(a)
P = 0.8*0.9 = 0.72
(b)
P = 0.8*(1-0.9) = 0.08
(c)
P = (1-0.8)*(0.9) = 0.18
(d)
P =1- (1-0.8)(1-0.9) = 1-0.02 = 0.98.
What is the difference between a defined-benefit and a defined-contr.pdf
The lateral surface area of a cone of radius r and height h (the surface area excluding the base) is
A=pir . Find dr/dh for a cone with lateral surface area of A = 4500picm2. Evaluate this
derivative when r = 60 cm and h = 45 cm. dr/dh= cm3
Solution
4500=rsqrt(r2+h2) 2025*10^4=r^4+r^2 h^2 0= 4r^3 dr/dh +2rh^2dr/dh+2r^2h
dr/dh=-rh/2r^2+h^2 =-45*60/2*3600+2025 =-0.292.
This is question about excel cuers.How would you use Financial Fun.pdf
The average temperatures for Annapolis, MD are: 44, 48, 57, 68, 77, 86, 90, 88, 81, 69, 59, and
48
A. create a box-and-whisper plot for the data.
B. What is the median temperature?
C. 75% of the temperatures are below what value? How do you know?
D. 75% of the temperatures are above what value? How do you know?
E. What conclusions can you draw about the temperature in Maryland?
Solution
Ascending order for given data is,
44
48
48
57
59
68
69
77
81
86
88
90
hence median is 68.5
75 percent temperatures are below 81
75 percent temperatures are above 57
In maryland
temperature sustains either at highest or lowest range of temperature not around median range.
The surface area to volume ration is least improtant in thea. sink.pdf
Temperature is an example of a variable that uses
a.the ratio scale
b.the interval scale
c.the ordinal scale
d.either the ratio or the ordinal scale
Temperature is an example of a variable that uses
a.the ratio scale
b.the interval scale
c.the ordinal scale
d.either the ratio or the ordinal scale
Temperature is an example of a variable that uses
a.the ratio scale
b.the interval scale
c.the ordinal scale
d.either the ratio or the ordinal scale
Solution
Temperature is an example of a variable that uses the interval scale.
Beacuse, interval scales are numerical scales in which intervals have the same interpretation
throughout. As an example, we can take the Fahrenheit scale of temperature..
The Martian calendar has sixteen months instead of twelve. What is t.pdf
Suppose that lines l1, l2, l3 are lines in an affine plane. Suppose that lines l1, l2 are parallel.
Prove that if l1, l3 intersect then l2, l3 intersect.
Solution
Here we have the rule that when two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then the
exteriior corresponding angles, thus formed are equal to each other. Now it is given that l1 and l2
are parallel lines and l3 intersects l1, that means l3 is transversal here, so that the exterior angles
thus forming on line l1 and l3 will be equal to each other.
Now as both exterior angles are forming at two different intersecting points of parallel lines l1
and l2, when intersected by line l3, that proved that being parallel lines, line l3 intersects both
lines l1 and l2.
Proved.
Baby names and birth weights”IntroductionBabies are weighed soon.pdf
At a glass manufacturing facility, crystal stemware is carefully inspected for correct dimensions,
quality, and production trends. After lengthy studies, the factory is known to produce 15%
defectives. Most of these pieces are discovered through inspection and are reworked or
discarded. Suppose two pieces are randomly selected for inspection. Fill in the blank. (Give your
answer to four decimal places.) Suppose at least one of the pieces has a flaw. The probability that
both are defective is...
Solution
PROBABILITY OF DEFECTIVE = 0.15
PROBABILITY NON DEFECTIVE =1-0.15 = 0.85
PROBABILITY BOTH DEFECTIVE = 2C2*(0.15)^2*(0.85)^0 = 0.0225.
Question How can I called this method in the main, and how can I .pdf
Question 1. List and describe three rules of natural justice, provide an example of a situation
where each of the three selected rules may be breached or contravened ( you may make up
examples, draw from your own experience, or use examples from the textbook.)
Solution
The principles of natural justice is fairness and guarantee a fair decision is reached by an
objective decision maker.
Maintaining fairness protects the rights of individuals and increase public confidence in the
process.
The principles of natural justice were evolve from the Romans who admit that few legal
principles were \"natural\" or self-evident and did not need a statutory basis.
These two primary legal safeguards carrry out all decisions by judges or government officials
when they take quasi-judicial or judicial decisions.
The 3 common law rules are referred to in alliance to natural justice or procedural fairness.
The Hearing Rule
A person must be allowed an adequate opportunity to present their case where certain interests
and rights may be adversely altered by a decision-maker.
To ensure that these rights are valued, the authority which is assigned for deciding give both the
opportunity to prepare and present evidence and to chase to arguments presenting by the opposite
side.
When oversee an investigation in relation to a complaint it is important that the person being
accuse against is advised of the affirmations in as much detail as possible and given the
opportunity to reply to the affirmations.
The Bias Rule
This rule states that no one concern to be judge in his or her case. This is the requirement that the
deciding authority must be unbiased when according the hearing or making the judgment.
Additionally, investigators and decision-makers must act without bias in all channels connected
with the making of a decision.
A decision-maker must be impartial and must make a decision based on a balanced and
considered assessment of the information and evidence before him or her without fondness over
another party.
Investigators should ensure that there is no battle of interest which would make it inappropriate
for them to conduct the investigation .
The Evidence Rule
This rule is that an administrative decision must be based upon analytical proof or evidence
material.
Investigators and decision makers should not base their decisions on mere belief or gut feelings .
Rather, an investigator or decision maker should be able to clearly point to the evidence on
which the inference or decision is based.
Evidence (arguments, allegations, documents, photos, etc..) conferred by one party must be
expose to the other party, who may then subject it to analysis.
For example - the idea of fair hearing particularly varies significantly in different contexts such
as whether it is a sophisticated full fledged hearing or a blunt and minimal one ; hearing prior to
the decision or post decisional hearing.
Case : Tanjong jaga vs minister of labour (1987)
- Tanjong jaga contend that it was a .
Question 1. List and describe three rules of natural justice, provid.pdf
PROBLEM I. A nightclub manager realizes that demand for drinks is more elastic among
students and tries to determine the optimal pricing schedule. Specifically, he estimates that the
demand functions are given by g.-30-6P1 for students and = 24-4p for non-students. Assume that
drinks cost the nightclub S2 each. Q1. If the market cannot be segmented, what is the uniform
monopoly price? (a) $3.10 (b) $3.30 (c) S3.50 (d) S3.70 (e) S4.20 Q2. If the nightclub can
charge according to whether or not the customer is a student but is limited to linear pricing, what
price (per drink) should be set for students? (a) $3.10 (b) S3.25 (c) $3.40 (d) S3.50 (e) $3.80 Q3.
Under the same conditions of Q2, what price (per drink) should be set for non-students? (a) s3.80
(b) $4.00 (c) S4.30 (d) $4.60 (e) $5.20
Solution
(Q1) (d)
Without segmentation, p1 = p2 = p
q1 = 30 - 6p
q2 = 24 - 4p
Market demand: q = q1 + q2 = 30 - 6p + 24 - 4p
q = 54 - 10p
10p = 54 - q
p = 5.4 - 0.1q
Profit is maximized when Marginal revenue (MR) equals Marginal cost (MC).
Total revenue (TR) = p x q = 5.4q - 0.1q2
MR = dTR/dq = 5.4 - 0.2q
Equating with MC,
5.4 - 0.2q = 2
0.2q = 3.4
q = 17
p = 5. - (0.1 x 17) = 5.4 - 1.7 = $3.7
(Q2) (d)
With segmentation, profit is maximized when MR1 = MC and MR2 = MC
For students,
q1 = 30 - 6p1
6p1 = 30 - q1
p1 = (30 - q1) / 6
TR1 = p1 x q1 = (30q1 - q12) / 6
MR1 = dTR1/dq1 = (30 - 2q1) / 6
Equating with MC,
(30 - 2q1) / 6 = 2
30 - 2q1 = 12
2q1 = 18
q1 = 9
p1 = (30 - 9) / 6 = 21 / 6 = $3.5
(Q3) (b)
For non-students, q2 = 24 - 4p2
4p2 = 24 - q2
p2 = 6 - 0.25q2
TR2 = p2 x q2 = 6q2 - 0.25q22
MR2 = dTR2/dq2 = 6 - 0.5q2
Equating with MC,
6 - 0.5q2 = 2
0.5q2 = 4
q2 = 8
p2 = 6 - (0.25 x 8) = 6 - 2 = $4.
Postal ClerkAssistant. Why do the five steps of the recruitment pro.pdf
Please help with this question related to Assembly Language! As discussed in class, the
instruction li $s0, 0x123489ab will be translated into two instructions lui $at, 0x1234 ori $s0,
$at, 0x89ab Instead of using the Instruction ori, can the second Instruction be addi $s0, $at,
0x89ab and why? a. Yes, but we need to change the instruction addi to addi $at, $30, 0x89ab.
b. No, There is no instruction addi in MIPS. c. Yes, we can use the instruction addi instead of
ori. d. No, The instruction addi will consider 0x89ab as a negative number. If the instruction
addi is used as shown in the question, the actual value stored in the register $sO will be 0x1234
0000 + 0xffff88ab.
Solution
ADDI:
ORI:
so the ans is d.
OverviewWe will be adding some validation to our Contact classes t.pdf
On March 4 of the current year, Barefoot Bay, Inc. reacquired 5,000 shares of its common stock
at $89 per share. On August 7, Barefoot Bay sold 3,500 of the reacquired shares at $100 per
share. The remaining 1,500 shares were sold at $88 per share on November 29.
1. Journalize the transactions of March 4, August 7, and November 29. If an amount box does
not require an entry, leave it blank or enter \"0\".
2. What is the balance in Paid-in Capital from Sale of Treasury Stock on December 31 of the
current year?
$Mar. 4Aug. 7Nov. 29
Solution
4-Mar Treasury stock 445000 =5000*89 Cash 445000 7-Aug Cash 350000
=3500*100 Treasury stock 311500 =3500*89 Paid in capital-Treasury stock
38500 29-Nov Cash 132000 =1500*88 Paid in capital-Treasury stock 1500
Treasury stock 133500 =1500*89 2 Balance in Paid-in Capital from Sale of Treasury
Stock = 38500-1500 = $37000.
Negotiation - Porto (Porto case).note this is a case study so the.pdf
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
On January 1, a customer paid X Company $21,600 in advance for cleaning services. The
cleaning was going to be done once in January, once in February, and once in March, so the
payment was recorded as Deferred Revenue. What will be the result of the adjusting entry on
January 31?
A: a balance of $7,200 in the Deferred Revenue account on the Balance Sheet
B: a $7,200 increase in the Cash account on the Balance Sheet
C: revenue of $7,200 reported on the Income Statement
D: a $7,200 increase in the Deferred Revenue account on the Balance Sheet
Solution
Income to be recorded for the month of January = $21,600 / 3 months = $7,200
Hence, $7,200 shall be recognised as income for the month of January by transferring from
deferred revenue
The adjusting entry shall be
C: revenue of $7,200 reported on the Income Statement.
need help with my computer science lab assignemnt. this assignment i.pdf
mosome segregation n somatic cells reproduction or (c) A gynandromorph Sex comb XX XO
Solution
Determination of sex in human is different than flys.human having xxy ,xxxy are phenotypocally
male while in flys x chromosome matterial to autosomes determines the sex.in flys y
chromosome encodes only genes for sperms.So it depends on x:A ratio (x chromosome and
autosome ratio).If the ratio is 1 or more than 1 ,then it is a female while less than 1 I:e; 0.5 is
male.
XY-AA- 0.5 - normal male, XO-AA -0.5- sterile male.Therefore Turner syndrome of human xo
is female while a fruit fly with Turner syndrome xo is male..
Name a protein that contacts the insulin receptor inside the cell.pdf
mer EcoRO three-legged stool for retirement savi What sources of income make up the three-
legg ings?
Solution
Sources of income that make up the three legged stool for retirement savings: Social security,
Retirement plans and Personal savings.
Stool leg 1 : SOCIAL SECURITY:
Social security was designed to provide a minimum level of support . That is why it is also
known as social insurance. For every dollar a person earn , the government takes a percentage to
support social security . Your employer is also required to pay the same amount. When a person
retire , having a history of higher esrnings means social security will replace less of pre-
retirement income.
Stool leg 2 : RETIREMENT PLANS:
Retirement plans come in two forms: defined benefit and defined contribution. Defined benefit
pays you a retirement income and is usually paid in full by your employer. Defined contribution
plan provides an annual contribution to an account in your name, based on your annual salary.
Stool leg 3: PERSONAL SAVINGS:
Retirement income will depend on person\'s savings..
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