1. Substance’s Effect: Increases the number of free hydrogen ions or protons (H+) in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria (between the outer and inner membranes). Facilitator: __________________________________ Explanation for effect: ______________ 2. Substance’s Effect: Impedes the binding of NAD+ to electrons. Facilitator: __________________________________ 3. Substance’s Effect: Makes the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane highly permeable to (H+) protons. Facilitator: __________________________________ 4. Substance’s Effect: Partially blocks the H+/pyruvate symporter, interfering with the transport of pyruvate into the mitochondria. Facilitator: __________________________________ Solution At the inner mitochondria membrane, a high energy electron is passed along an electron transport chain. The energy released pumps hydrogen out of the matrix space. The gradient create by this drives hydrogen back through the membrane, through ATP synthase. As it happens the enzymatic activity of ATP synthase synthesiszes ATP from ADP. In livingcells 2,4- Dinitrophenol acts as a proton carrier, an that can shuttle protons(hydrogen ions) across biological membranes. It defeats the proton gradient across mitochondria, collapsing the proton motive force that the cell uses to produce most of itsATP chemical energy. Instead of producing ATP , the energy of the proton gradient is lost as heat- causing you to loss weight. Therefore causes weight loss. Lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane highly leaky to protons making the inner mitochondrial membrane more leaky to h, makes the lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial membrane ,highly pereameable ,makes the membrane highly porustoprotons. This occurs in mitochondrial matrix, pyruate made in the cytosol enters through a channel(outer membrane) and then an H+/pyruvate symptorter(inner membrane) pyruvate dehydrogenase which removes CO2 from each pyruvateproducing 2H+ and 2NAD+ (which combine)..

1. 1. Substance’s Effect: Increases the number of free hydrogen ions or protons (H+) in the
intermembrane space of the mitochondria (between the outer and inner membranes).
Facilitator: __________________________________
Explanation for effect: ______________
2. Substance’s Effect: Impedes the binding of NAD+ to electrons.
Facilitator: __________________________________
3. Substance’s Effect: Makes the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane highly
permeable to (H+) protons.
Facilitator: __________________________________
4. Substance’s Effect: Partially blocks the H+/pyruvate symporter, interfering with the transport
of pyruvate into the mitochondria.
Facilitator: __________________________________
Solution
At the inner mitochondria membrane, a high energy electron is passed along an electron
transport chain. The energy released pumps hydrogen out of the matrix space. The gradient
create by this drives hydrogen back through the membrane, through ATP synthase. As it happens
the enzymatic activity of ATP synthase synthesiszes ATP from ADP. In livingcells 2,4-
Dinitrophenol acts as a proton carrier, an that can shuttle protons(hydrogen ions) across
biological membranes. It defeats the proton gradient across mitochondria, collapsing the proton
motive force that the cell uses to produce most of itsATP chemical energy. Instead of producing
ATP , the energy of the proton gradient is lost as heat- causing you to loss weight. Therefore
causes weight loss. Lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane highly leaky to protons
making the inner mitochondrial membrane more leaky to h, makes the lipid bilayer of the
mitochondrial membrane ,highly pereameable ,makes the membrane highly porustoprotons. This
occurs in mitochondrial matrix, pyruate made in the cytosol enters through a channel(outer
membrane) and then an H+/pyruvate symptorter(inner membrane) pyruvate dehydrogenase
which removes CO2 from each pyruvateproducing 2H+ and 2NAD+ (which combine).