Environmental science is a broader field that incorporates many elements of earth and life sciences, whereas ecology is usually more focused on how organisms interact with each other and their surroundings. Environmental science studies the interaction of humans with the natural environment, which includes living things like climate, soil, water sources and organisms as well as nonliving things. Environmental science and the issues it studies are complex and draw from multiple fields of study.
Environmental science is the study of the interaction of humans with the natural environment.
The environment includes all conditions that surround living organisms:
Climate
Air and water quality
Soil and landforms
Presence of other living organisms
Environmental science is the study of the interaction of humans with the natural environment.
The environment includes all conditions that surround living organisms:
Climate
Air and water quality
Soil and landforms
Presence of other living organisms
ENVIRONMENTALISM ITS ARTICLES OF FAITHNorthwest Environmental J.docxkhanpaulita
ENVIRONMENTALISM: ITS ARTICLES OF FAITH
Northwest Environmental Journal Vol. 5:1, (1989) p. 100
Victor Scheffer
Here I offer an interpretation of environmentalism, a body of principles and practices so recently manifest in national thought that its meanings are still disputed. It is called, for example, "a theology of the earth," "a religion of self restraint," and "a science rooted in resource management and ecology." I define it broadly as "a movement toward understanding humankind's natural bases of support while continuously applying what is learned toward perpetuating those bases."
The word environmentalism entered the American vernacular during the 1960s. An editorial in Science (Klopsteg 1966) noted that "one of the newest fads in Washington-and elsewhere-is 'environmental science.' The term has political potency even if its meaning is vague and questionable." Environmentalism was at first perceived by the public as merely a response to a crisis, but it quickly proved more than that. As Lord Ashby (1978:3) explained to a Stanford University group:
A crisis is a situation that will pass; it can be resolved by temporary hardship, temporary adjustment, technological and political expedients. What we are experiencing is not a crisis, it is a climacteric. For the rest of man's history on earth. . . he will have to live with problems of population, of resources, of pollution.
The vision of environmentalism is to preserve those things in nature which will allow the human enterprise, or civilization, to endure and improve. (I use the word nature for the world without humans, a concept which-like the square root of minus one-is unreal, but useful.) Because civilization depends absolutely on surroundings that are healthful and stimulating, environmentalism aims to protect both material and spiritual values. At the risk of oversimplifying, 1 review five articles of faith which support and energize the environmental movement. They reflect ideas developed by "earthkeepers" from the time of George Perkins Marsh (1801-1882) down to the present.
1) All things are connected. The cosmos is a set of dependencies so complex that its boundaries lie forever beyond understanding. Simply lifting a spadeful of garden soil disturbs a trillion protistan lives, impinges on the lifter's muscles and mind, and changes the landscape. The poet who mused, "Thou canst not stir a flower without troubling of a star," was struck by the unitary connectedness of all matter (Thompson 1966 [1897]:19). He was an environmentalist before his time. Now we technological beings have Spun a web of change around the whole earth and nearby space. Our artifacts range in scale from radiations and molecules to mountains and lakes. Yet never will we understand completely the spinoff effects of the environmental changes that we create, nor will we measure Our own,' independent influence in their creation. Consider the mysterious decline in the numbers of fur seals breeding on A.
Biomes and their OrganismsXIyu ShenArgosy University.docxhartrobert670
Biomes and their Organisms
XIyu Shen
Argosy University
A biome is a geographically defined area with distinct plants and animals groupBiomes are defined by geography and climateUnderstanding biomes requires good understanding of the location and adaptation of the climatic conditions of a particular regionThe survival and well being of a biome and its organisms depends on ecological relationships throughout the world
TundraTaigaGrasslandsDeciduousDesertDesert Scrub
Cold temperatures and precipitation is more of snow It spreads across the northern hemisphere regions of the worldThe regions have brief
Summers with Tempe
ratures slightly above
Freezing point
Polar bearCaribouMusk OxArictic FoxSnow owl
LichenCottonArctic WillowMoss
Caribou herds feed on the lichensThere is predators in this biome for example polar bears, arctic foxes, and wolves. The smaller animals the smaller mammals are lemmings and snowshoe rabbits. at predators eat include The plants also relate with the soil in the sense that the heights and root depth depend on the soil
The polar bears and owls have developed thick fur that enables them to survive in the cold climateThe caribous have developed hoofs that enable them to walk on the snowIn rocky areas, plants have roots that are modified to support the plant without going too deepAnimals like reindeers have antlers for defense
If the temperatures rose by 10 degree, the possible effects will be;
Animals will die because their bodies can not adopt immediately
The snow will melt and the habitats will be destroyed
Organisms will have to migrate to other places to find suitable climate
The changes may also prompt new organisms to move in or some of the others may adopt to the new conditionsThose organisms that remain will have to modify their characteristics over timeThe migratory species will face the challenges of food and survivalThe biome may be completely destroyed for a new one to develop
When the biome adapts to the changes in the temperature, the following will happen;
The animals that will live in this biome will remain the same because of adaptation
The animals may need a little time top adjust than if only the temperatures change
The organisms will have different chacteristics as compared to the earlier ones
Proper environmental management would ensure the conservation of the biome.Conservation would help in sustaining the biome, hence the organisms will continue with propagationPoor management will lead to poor polices that can lead to the destruction of biomes
Where there is poor management ,effects can be felt like global warming Global warming would lead to the melting of ice and the biome will be destroyedProper management of environment is an important factor when it biomes to preserving biomes Environmental management ensures that proper policies have been made.
Drastic changes in the biome will affect the society because the members have learnt t ...
The Bionic City by Melissa Sterry. Published September 2011.Melissa Sterry
Introduction: 'In the course of her research, Melissa Sterry came to realise that "what humankind considers a force for destruction, nature considers a force for creation". Melissa is now developing The Bionic City: a model that transfers knowledge from complex natural ecosystems to a blueprint for a future city resilient to extreme meteorological and geological events.'
Published in the Sept/Oct 2011 issue of Sustain.
THERE IS NO REASON TO CELEBRATE TODAY THE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF MOTHER EARTH.pdfFaga1939
This article shows that humanity is losing the battle against the forces of evil that promote the devastation of the environment of planet Earth with the exhaustion of its natural resources, the pollution of the air, seas, rivers and lakes, the emergence of new pandemics and global warming resulting from the emission of greenhouse gases to the highest layers of the Earth's atmosphere that tends to produce catastrophic climate change on our planet. It is because of all this that there is no reason to celebrate International Earth Day.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
ENVIRONMENTALISM ITS ARTICLES OF FAITHNorthwest Environmental J.docxkhanpaulita
ENVIRONMENTALISM: ITS ARTICLES OF FAITH
Northwest Environmental Journal Vol. 5:1, (1989) p. 100
Victor Scheffer
Here I offer an interpretation of environmentalism, a body of principles and practices so recently manifest in national thought that its meanings are still disputed. It is called, for example, "a theology of the earth," "a religion of self restraint," and "a science rooted in resource management and ecology." I define it broadly as "a movement toward understanding humankind's natural bases of support while continuously applying what is learned toward perpetuating those bases."
The word environmentalism entered the American vernacular during the 1960s. An editorial in Science (Klopsteg 1966) noted that "one of the newest fads in Washington-and elsewhere-is 'environmental science.' The term has political potency even if its meaning is vague and questionable." Environmentalism was at first perceived by the public as merely a response to a crisis, but it quickly proved more than that. As Lord Ashby (1978:3) explained to a Stanford University group:
A crisis is a situation that will pass; it can be resolved by temporary hardship, temporary adjustment, technological and political expedients. What we are experiencing is not a crisis, it is a climacteric. For the rest of man's history on earth. . . he will have to live with problems of population, of resources, of pollution.
The vision of environmentalism is to preserve those things in nature which will allow the human enterprise, or civilization, to endure and improve. (I use the word nature for the world without humans, a concept which-like the square root of minus one-is unreal, but useful.) Because civilization depends absolutely on surroundings that are healthful and stimulating, environmentalism aims to protect both material and spiritual values. At the risk of oversimplifying, 1 review five articles of faith which support and energize the environmental movement. They reflect ideas developed by "earthkeepers" from the time of George Perkins Marsh (1801-1882) down to the present.
1) All things are connected. The cosmos is a set of dependencies so complex that its boundaries lie forever beyond understanding. Simply lifting a spadeful of garden soil disturbs a trillion protistan lives, impinges on the lifter's muscles and mind, and changes the landscape. The poet who mused, "Thou canst not stir a flower without troubling of a star," was struck by the unitary connectedness of all matter (Thompson 1966 [1897]:19). He was an environmentalist before his time. Now we technological beings have Spun a web of change around the whole earth and nearby space. Our artifacts range in scale from radiations and molecules to mountains and lakes. Yet never will we understand completely the spinoff effects of the environmental changes that we create, nor will we measure Our own,' independent influence in their creation. Consider the mysterious decline in the numbers of fur seals breeding on A.
Biomes and their OrganismsXIyu ShenArgosy University.docxhartrobert670
Biomes and their Organisms
XIyu Shen
Argosy University
A biome is a geographically defined area with distinct plants and animals groupBiomes are defined by geography and climateUnderstanding biomes requires good understanding of the location and adaptation of the climatic conditions of a particular regionThe survival and well being of a biome and its organisms depends on ecological relationships throughout the world
TundraTaigaGrasslandsDeciduousDesertDesert Scrub
Cold temperatures and precipitation is more of snow It spreads across the northern hemisphere regions of the worldThe regions have brief
Summers with Tempe
ratures slightly above
Freezing point
Polar bearCaribouMusk OxArictic FoxSnow owl
LichenCottonArctic WillowMoss
Caribou herds feed on the lichensThere is predators in this biome for example polar bears, arctic foxes, and wolves. The smaller animals the smaller mammals are lemmings and snowshoe rabbits. at predators eat include The plants also relate with the soil in the sense that the heights and root depth depend on the soil
The polar bears and owls have developed thick fur that enables them to survive in the cold climateThe caribous have developed hoofs that enable them to walk on the snowIn rocky areas, plants have roots that are modified to support the plant without going too deepAnimals like reindeers have antlers for defense
If the temperatures rose by 10 degree, the possible effects will be;
Animals will die because their bodies can not adopt immediately
The snow will melt and the habitats will be destroyed
Organisms will have to migrate to other places to find suitable climate
The changes may also prompt new organisms to move in or some of the others may adopt to the new conditionsThose organisms that remain will have to modify their characteristics over timeThe migratory species will face the challenges of food and survivalThe biome may be completely destroyed for a new one to develop
When the biome adapts to the changes in the temperature, the following will happen;
The animals that will live in this biome will remain the same because of adaptation
The animals may need a little time top adjust than if only the temperatures change
The organisms will have different chacteristics as compared to the earlier ones
Proper environmental management would ensure the conservation of the biome.Conservation would help in sustaining the biome, hence the organisms will continue with propagationPoor management will lead to poor polices that can lead to the destruction of biomes
Where there is poor management ,effects can be felt like global warming Global warming would lead to the melting of ice and the biome will be destroyedProper management of environment is an important factor when it biomes to preserving biomes Environmental management ensures that proper policies have been made.
Drastic changes in the biome will affect the society because the members have learnt t ...
The Bionic City by Melissa Sterry. Published September 2011.Melissa Sterry
Introduction: 'In the course of her research, Melissa Sterry came to realise that "what humankind considers a force for destruction, nature considers a force for creation". Melissa is now developing The Bionic City: a model that transfers knowledge from complex natural ecosystems to a blueprint for a future city resilient to extreme meteorological and geological events.'
Published in the Sept/Oct 2011 issue of Sustain.
THERE IS NO REASON TO CELEBRATE TODAY THE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF MOTHER EARTH.pdfFaga1939
This article shows that humanity is losing the battle against the forces of evil that promote the devastation of the environment of planet Earth with the exhaustion of its natural resources, the pollution of the air, seas, rivers and lakes, the emergence of new pandemics and global warming resulting from the emission of greenhouse gases to the highest layers of the Earth's atmosphere that tends to produce catastrophic climate change on our planet. It is because of all this that there is no reason to celebrate International Earth Day.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. is a broader field that
incorporates many elements of earth and life sciences,
whereas is usually more focused on how
organisms interact with each other and their
surroundings, and often on a very specific population of
living things.
2
3. Environmental Science is the study of the interaction
of humans with the natural environment.
The environment includes all of the living and
nonliving things that we interact with.
Climate
Soil and landforms
Water sources
Other living organisms
3
4. Environmental science and
the issues that it studies are
complex and
interdisciplinary, meaning it
incorporates concepts and
ideas from multiple fields of
study.
4
5. A community decides to use coal for electricity, as it
is the cheapest source available. (Economics)
The coal must be mined from under the soil.
(Geology)
The coal must be transported to the population
center by road or rail. (Engineering)
5
6. When it is burned at a power plant, air pollution is
released. Some of that pollution is converted to
acid in the atmosphere. (Chemistry)
This falls as acid rain somewhere downwind.
(Meteorology)
The acid stresses plants by affecting their nutrient
absorption. (Ecology)
Laws are passed requiring the plant to install
pollution scrubbers. (Politics)
6
7. Conservation of
wilderness areas
begins with the
felling of an
enormous tree,
called the “Mother
of the Forest” in
1851. The outrage
over the act leads to
calls for a national
park system.
7
8. A burning river ends the decade
as a dramatic symbol of an
environment on the brink. On
June 22, 1969, oil ad chemicals in
the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland,
Ohio catch fires. Flames top five
stories. These chemicals
contaminated the river causing
dreadful effect to living organisms
underneath.
8
9. Nuclear Power safety is
increasingly suspect after the
Three Mile Island accident in
Middletown, Pennsylvania.
April 26, 1986. The
Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster
is considered to be the worst
accident in the history of
nuclear power.
9
10. The Law of Unintended Consequences,
which states that the actions of people
and governments always have
unexpected effects.
Unsustainability, a condition that
cannot continue at its current rate.
10
12. An ecologist named Garrett Hardin
wrote an essay called “The Tragedy
of the Commons”, describing a major
source of environmental conflict:
Commons, or areas that are shared
and not owned, are likely to be
depleted as individuals pursue their
own self-interests.
12
13. Two small villages consist
mostly of farmers that raise
and sell sheep at a nearby city.
The first village has a
common pasture that all
villages have unrestricted
access to.
The second village has a
pasture that has been divided
up, which each section
owned by a famer.
13
village 1
village 2
14. Which village will be more likely to
experience resource depletion, where a
resource is consumed faster than it can be
replaced?
14
village 1 village 2
15. Climate change, air pollution, water pollution,
and overfishing of international waters are all
modern examples of the Tragedy of the
Commons.
15
Norilsk, Russia
Source: ecojunk.wordpress.com
Zadar, Croatia
Source: Agence France-Presse
16. In the United States, the first
environmental movement
began with a series of
conservation measures
taken by President Teddy
Roosevelt.
The goal was to prevent
the resource depletion and
the destruction of
commons through
unsustainable logging and
hunting.
16
Redwood lumberjacks, Humboldt County,
California.
17. Years after the National Parks system was established,
the city of San Francisco experienced an earthquake,
followed by a massive fire.
About 90% of the damage was due to the fire, which
exposed the city’s inadequate water supply.
17
"San Francisco 1906 fire 02 DA-SN-03-00958" by Harry Sterling Hooper.
18. The city applied to the federal government to construct a
reservoir in the Hetch Hetchy valley of Yosemite National
Park.
In order for the dam to be constructed, a law would have
to be passed by Congress and signed by the US President
18
19. Between 1908 and 1913, Congress debated
whether to make a water resource available or
preserve a wilderness when the growing city
of San Francisco, California proposed building
a dam in the Hetch Hetchy Valley to provide a
steady water supply.
19
20. The Hetch Hetchy debate led to the
emergence of three major
philosophies or environmental ethics;
the moral relationship that humans
have with the environment.
20
21. Anthropocentrism is a human-
centered philosophy that protects
and promotes of human interests or
well-being at the expense of all other
factors.
Ecocentrism is a nature-centered
philosophy that places intrinsic value
on ecosystems regardless of their
usefulness to humans.
Biocentrism -Focuses on the theory
that all forms of life have an inherent
right to exist.
21
22. Environment has been classified into four major components:
1. Hydrosphere,
2. Lithosphere,
3. Atmosphere,
4. Biosphere.
22
23. 23
Hydrosphere - includes all water
bodies such as lakes, ponds, rivers,
streams and ocean etc. Hydrosphere
functions in a cyclic nature, which is
termed as hydrological cycle or water
cycle.
24. Lithosphere - mainly,
contains soil, earth
rocks, mountain etc.
Lithosphere is divided
into three layers-crusts,
mantle and core (outer
and inner).
24
25. • Atmosphere is a thin layer which contains gases
like oxygen, carbon dioxide etc. and which
protects the solid earth and human beings from
the harmful radiations of the sun. There are five
concentric layers within the atmosphere, which
can be differentiated on the basis of temperature
and each layer has its own characteristics. These
include the troposphere, the stratosphere, the
mesosphere, the thermosphere and the exosphere.
25
26. 26
Biosphere it is otherwise known as the life layer, it refers to all organisms on the earth’s
surface and their interaction with water and air. It consists of plants, animals and micro-
organisms, ranging from the tiniest microscopic organism to the largest whales in the sea.
27. It explains how to use resources sustainably
Mass Movements
Focus on Environmental Development
Helps in generating Creativity skills
It Encourages a Healthy Lifestyle
It Empowers Teachers and Students.
It Saves the World from Destruction
Safeguards Future Generations
27
28. Think about why does the world keeps on worsening its condition despite
the advent of environmental science education.
Find a pair and discussed your answer. Make a conclusion about your
answers.
Suggest ideas on how we can solve the problem/issue.
Share it to the class (if time runs out, submit it to google classroom).
28
Think Share
Pair
29.
29
5 3 1
The learners demonstrate an
outstanding understanding of
the concept. Present his or her
idea with clarity and relevance
to the topic given.
The concept that he/she
proposed is timely and
achievable.
The learners demonstrate and
good understanding of the
concept. Present his or her idea
with clarity and relevance to
the topic given.
The concept that he/she
proposed is vague and
somewhat hard to achieved
The student need to
further study the
concept and his
output is irrelevant to
the topic.