The document provides an introduction to computer systems and programming, discussing key concepts such as hardware, software, input-process-output operations, and programming languages. It outlines the program development cycle, including steps like requirement gathering, coding, testing, and maintenance, as well as the use of pseudocode and flowcharts for logic planning. Additionally, it mentions the evolution of programming models, particularly procedural and object-oriented programming.

1. CSWD1001
Programming Methods
Introduction To Computers And Programming Language
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2. What we’ll Learn
• Understanding Computer Systems
• Simple programming logic
• Program development cycle
• Pseudocode statement and flowchart
• Evolution of programming models
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3. What is Computer Systems???
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4. Computer System Definition
A combination of all the components
(hardware and software)
required to process and store data using a
computer.
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5. Example
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6. Hardware
• The equipment, or
the physical devices,
associated with a
computer.
Software
• Computer
instructions that tell
the hardware what to
do
• Software is
programs:
instructions written
by programmers
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7. Three Major Operations
in
Most Systems
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8. 8
Input Process Output
Storage
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9. Example
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10. Example
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11. How you give computer a instructions ??
11
or
How can humans “talk to” (instruct)
Computer??
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13. By using
a
Computer Programming Language
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14. 14
Computer
Languages
Low Level Language
(Machine Language)
Middle Level
Language
(Assembly Language)
High Level Language
Use 1’ s & 0’ to create instructions
Ex: binary language
Use mnemonics to create instructions Similar to human language
Ex: Cobol, Fortran, Basic C, C++,
Java
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17. Program Instructions are
Stored in
Computer Memory
• It must be translated from your programming language
statements to machine language
• A compiler or an interpreter, translate the program code into
machine language
• Machine language, also called binary language, is represented
as a series of 0s and 1s
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19. For a Program to Work Properly
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You Must ????
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20. You Must
 Give the instructions to the computer in a specific
sequence
Not leave any instructions out, and
 Not add extra instructions
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21. What you have to do
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is to
develop the logic of the computer program
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22. Example
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23. When programmers plan the logic for a
solution to a programming
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Pseudocode & Flowchart
they use ??
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24. Pseudocode
is an
English-like representation of the
logical steps
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25. Example of Pseudocode
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26. Flowchart
is a
Pictorial representation of the
same thing
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27. Example of Flowchart
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Sales >
50000
Sales >
50000
Display “Enter
the number of
hours worked.”
Display “Enter
the number of
hours worked.”
Display “Enter
the number of
hours worked.”
Display “Enter
the number of
hours worked.”
Display “Enter
the number of
hours worked.”
Return
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28. A programmer’s job involves
writing instructions
but
a professional programmer usually
does not just sit down at a
computer keyboard and start typing.
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29. So , what they do???
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30. A programmer’s Job Involves
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• Understanding the problem, planning the logic,
• Coding the program,
• Translating the program into machine language,
• Testing the program,
• Putting the program into production, and
• Maintaining it.
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31. To understand Better
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Refer Program Development Cycle
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32. Requirement
Gathering &
Analysis
System Analysis &
Design
(SRS & SDD)
Coding
Testing
Implementation
Maintenance
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33. 33
Requirement
Gathering & Analysis
• Understand what the users want/needs
System Analysis &
Design
(SRS & SDD)
• Documentation of the system design & system
development
Coding
• Develop the system/program using any number of
programming language
Testing & Debugging
• Test the system work accordingly / free of error or bugs
Implementation
• Go live and ready to deploy in the organization
Maintenance
• Maintain the software in good form
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34. 34
How programmer write their program
Text Editor &/ Integrated development
environment (IDE)
Use what ??
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35. A text editor program
that you use to create
simple text files
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36. IDE
is a software
package that
provides an editor,
compiler, and other
programming tools
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37. Evolution
of Programming Models
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People have been writing modern computer
programs since the 1940s
Currently, two major models or paradigms are
used by programmers to develop programs and
their procedures
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38. Two Major Models
• Procedural programming
• Focus on the procedures that programmers create.
• Object-oriented programming
• Focuses on objects, or “things,” and describes their features (or attributes) and
their behaviors.
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40. Summary
• Together, computer hardware (physical devices) and software (instructions)
accomplish three major operations: input, processing, and output.
• For a program to work properly, you must develop correct logic.
• A programmer’s job involves understanding the problem, planning the logic,
coding the program, translating the program into machine language, testing the
program, putting the program into production, and maintaining it.
• Programmers plan the logic for a solution to a programming problem, they often
use flowcharts or pseudocode
• You can type a program into a plain text editor or in a integrated development
(IDE) environment.
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