1. Identify obstacles that may prohibit the potential win-win ou.pdf
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1. I know that customers who live in a geographical area (A) purchase an item 75% of the time. 2. I know that customers who have an income (I) purchase an item 60% of the time. 3. I have a customer (C) with the characteristics of (A) and (I). 4. I\'m not aware of any significant correlation or influencing factors between populations (A) and (I), and the data sample for that overlapping is not large enough-- Lets say Customer (C) is the only member of the population with both (A) and (I). How would I determing the liklihood that Customer (C) will purchase an Item? Would averaging the probabilities be appropriate, for (0.6+0.75)/2 = 0.675%? Solution First of all, the problem is not well posed, since the formulation is contradicting. If everyone in A purchases 75% of the time (or with probability 3/4) and everyone with income I purchases 60% of the time (or with probability 3/5), then there can be no overlap, since no single person can buy with two different probabilities (or 75% of the time *and* 60% of the time). Instead, you could consider the following scenario: Let\'s say a new product is on the market. Among the #A people living in A, 75% decide to buy it. Among the #I people with income I, 60% decide to buy it. What fraction of people living in A with income I decide to buy? Let this fraction be P. Let S be the intersection of A and I, i.e., the set of people living in A who have income I. This question assumes that #S>0. While this is a well-posed problem, it is not possible to say much about it, since the answer depends on the relative size of the sets. We can only give ranges: Let A\\I be the set of people in A whose income is not I. Let I\\A be the set of people with income I who don\'t live in A. If the intersection #S is small relative to both #A and #I the answer could be anything from 0% to 100%. Since 75% of the folks in A buy: If #S>#A/4, then P>0. (Even if everyone in A\\I bought, some folks in S need to buy, too.) If #S>#A 3/4, P<1. (Even if everyone in A\\I didn\'t buy, some folks in S didn\'t buy, either.) Since 60% of the folks in I buy: If #S>#I 2/5, P>0. (Even if everyone in I\\A bought, some folks in I need to buy, too.) If #S>#I 3/5, P<1. (Even if everyone in I\\A didn\'t buy, some folks in S didn\'t buy, either.) Now, let\'s generalize this. Let x=#S/#A and y=#S/#I. We can express the feasible region (admissible values for P) as follows: For A: We have the following constraints: P>=0, P<=1, P>=x-1/4, P<=7/4-x. For I: We the constraints: P>=0, P<=1, P>=y-2/5, P<=8/5-y. When you draw theses bounds on P as a function of x and y, you get two pentagonal areas. P has to lie in both of them. If x and y are given, this allows you to find the admissible values of P. You see that for x=1, only P=3/4 is possible. For y=1, only P=3/5 is possible. So x=y=1 is not possible, this would mean that A=I=S, which obviously would violate the assumption. You could ask the question what is the largest (common) value of x and y such that a so.
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b. Census
c. Secondary
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8. Which one of the following is NOT one of the stages thatcustomers go through in the
process of adopting a new product?
a. Awareness
b. Interest
c. Evaluation
d. Culture
9. Which one of the following statements BEST characterizesmarketing research?
a. Research is a continuous process, providing a constantflow of information
b. Research is conducted on a special-project basis
c. Research is performed when routine information isrequired
d. Research is the basis for making recurring marketingdecisions
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which stage of the marketing research process?
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b. Symptom identification
c. Problem identification
d. Data interpretation
11. A person on the University Book Shop\'s survey asks respondentsto tell the shop, in
their own words, what they like least about textbook shopping. Whatis a type of this
question?
a. An open-ended
b. A dichotomous
c. A multiple choice
d. A scale
12. Marketing researchers usually draw conclusions about largegroups of consumers by
studying which of the following small components of the totalconsumer population?
a. Group
b. Sample
c. Target group
d. Audience
13. The process by which people select, organize andinterpret information to fo.
1. Let X1,X2,....,Xn be a random sample from a Poisson distribution .pdf
1. Let X be a random variable with mean 2 and variance 1. Find the mean and
variance of Y where Y = 4X + 10.
2. Let X1,X2, X3,X4 be iid random variables with mean 10 and variance 16. Find the
mean and variance of Y=X1+X2+X3+X4. Find the mean and variance of
Z=(X1+X2+X3+X4)/4.
Solution
1)E(Y)=E(4X+10)=4E(X)+10=18
V(Y)=V(4X+10)=16V(X)+0=16
2)E(Y)=E(X1)+E(X2)+E(X3)+E(X4)=40
V(Y)=V(X1)+V(X2)+V(X3)+V(X4)=64
E(Z)=E(Y)/4=10
V(Z)=V(Y)/16=16.
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d. Interpretation, reporting, analysis
6. The objective of which of the following research is to gatherpreliminary information
that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses?
a. Descriptive
b. Exploratory
c. Causal
d. Corrective
7. Which form of data can usually be obtained more quickly and at alower cost?
a. Primary
b. Census
c. Secondary
d. Tertiary
8. Which one of the following is NOT one of the stages thatcustomers go through in the
process of adopting a new product?
a. Awareness
b. Interest
c. Evaluation
d. Culture
9. Which one of the following statements BEST characterizesmarketing research?
a. Research is a continuous process, providing a constantflow of information
b. Research is conducted on a special-project basis
c. Research is performed when routine information isrequired
d. Research is the basis for making recurring marketingdecisions
10. If ABC Ltd knows that its market share in Pakistan has dropped13 percent in the first
quarter of the year but does not know what might have contributedto this decline; it is in
which stage of the marketing research process?
a. Hypothesis development
b. Symptom identification
c. Problem identification
d. Data interpretation
11. A person on the University Book Shop\'s survey asks respondentsto tell the shop, in
their own words, what they like least about textbook shopping. Whatis a type of this
question?
a. An open-ended
b. A dichotomous
c. A multiple choice
d. A scale
12. Marketing researchers usually draw conclusions about largegroups of consumers by
studying which of the following small components of the totalconsumer population?
a. Group
b. Sample
c. Target group
d. Audience
13. The process by which people select, organize andinterpret information to fo.
1. Let X1,X2,....,Xn be a random sample from a Poisson distribution .pdf
1. Let X be a random variable with mean 2 and variance 1. Find the mean and
variance of Y where Y = 4X + 10.
2. Let X1,X2, X3,X4 be iid random variables with mean 10 and variance 16. Find the
mean and variance of Y=X1+X2+X3+X4. Find the mean and variance of
Z=(X1+X2+X3+X4)/4.
Solution
1)E(Y)=E(4X+10)=4E(X)+10=18
V(Y)=V(4X+10)=16V(X)+0=16
2)E(Y)=E(X1)+E(X2)+E(X3)+E(X4)=40
V(Y)=V(X1)+V(X2)+V(X3)+V(X4)=64
E(Z)=E(Y)/4=10
V(Z)=V(Y)/16=16.
1. Let D be the random variable with value equal to the number showi.pdf
1. LaTasha has started her own custom T-Shirt company, T\'s T\'s, which produces silk screened
T-shirts for various occasions and organizations; as well as a brisk walk-in trade. Her shop is
located in a small beach community in Florida. Since she has just started she is renting the
equipment from a large firm in Jacksonville. The cost of renting the equipment is $500. The
material used in one custom T-shirt costs $4.50, and LaTasha is selling the T-shirts for $12 each.
a. If LaTasha sells 50 shirts,
1. What will her total revenue be?
2. What will her total cost be?
b. How many shirts must LaTasha sell to break even?
c. What is the total revenue at the break-even point?
Solution
1. The total revenue is equal to the amount of income gained by selling the 50 shirts, not
accounting for any expenses (which net profit or net income values take into account). The T-
shirts are sold for $12 each, so one T-shirt costs $12, two T-shirts cost 2 times $12 = $24, and so
on. If 50 T-shirts are sold:
Total Revenue = (50 T-shirts) ($12 per T-shirt) = $600
2. Her total cost is equal to the amount she has to pay. First, she must rent equipment for $500,
which she pays, and she must also pay $4.50 for each T-shirt that she buys (and may or may not
sell). Her total cost is the sum of the costs of the equipment and the T-shirts:
Total Cost = $500 + (50 T-shirts) ($4.50 per T-shirt) = $500 + $225 = $725
b) In order to break even, the total revenue must equal the total cost. If x is the number of T-
shirts needed for LaTasha to break even, her total revenue must equal her total cost. Her total
revenue is given by 12x ($12 per each T-shirt), and her total cost is given by 500 + 4.50x ($500
rent plus $4.50 per each T-shirt). We want to solve for x when the total revenue and total cost are
equal:
Total Revenue = Total Cost
12x = 500 + 4.50x
7.50x = 500
x = 500/7.50 = 66.66666... 67 T-shirts
c) After breaking even, her total revenue, given by 12x, is found by multiplying 12 by the value
of x we just calculated: x 67
Total Revenue = 12x = 12 (67) = $804
(Note that, because we can\'t sell 0.666... of a T-shirt, x is rounded to 67 T-shirts. However,
when x = 67, the total revenue actually exceeds the total cost by a bit, so it isn\'t exactly
\"breaking even\", but its as close as possible that we can get while still selling an integer number
of T-shirts.).
1. Jasper Inc. has a December 31 year-end. The covenants for Jasper .pdf
1. J. Wold, project manager of Print Software, Inc., wants you to prepare a project network;
compute the early, late, and slack activity times; determine the planned project duration; and
identify the critical path. His assistant has collected the following information for the Color
Printer Drivers Software Project: 1. J. Wold, project manager of Print Software, Inc., wants you
to prepare a project network; compute the early, late, and slack activity times; determine the
planned project duration; and identify the critical path. His assistant has collected the following
information for the Color Printer Drivers Software Project:
Solution
Path –
1 ) A-B-E-H-J-K-L = 115 days = Critical Path
2 ) A-C-F-H-J-K-L = 45 days
3 ) A-D-G-I-J-K-L = 105 DAYS
Project Duration 115 DaysIDearliest start schedulelatest start scheduleslack activity
timesA000B880C86557D81810E10100F116857G687810H70700I708010J90900K1001000L11
21120.
1. In several sentences, please discuss(a) what TMDLs are and how.pdf
1. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what is the termused for the drive to become
what one is capable of becoming?
A. Perfection
B. Self-esteem
C. Hypo-glorification
D. Self-actualization
2. Ayesha has already presented two excellent reports. Thereport she has just
presented is clearly not as good as the first two reports, yetshe is given the same
high grade as before. What shortcut has the teacher used in thiscase?
A. The contrast effect
B. Stereotyping
C. The halo effect
D. Projection
3. Ali has just presented his paper and has done a reallygood job. Why should you
not want to present your own paper directly after he does?
A. To avoid the stereotyping effect
B. To avoid the contrast effect
C. To avoid the halo effect
D. To avoid the projection effect
4. Desires for associations with those who are significantto us, such as family
members, friends and colleagues are examples of which ofthe following
Alderfer’s needs?
A. Relatedness
B. Existence
C. Association
D. Esteem
5. Which of Maslow’s needs best approximatesMcClelland’s need for achievement?
A. Esteem
B. Self-actualization
C. Social
D. Physiological
6. An individual, who joins the armed services out of adesire to be involved in an
enterprise that requires a high degree of cooperation forsuccess, probably would
have high:
A. Need For Achievement
B. Need for power
C. Need for affiliation
D. Need for growth
7. Which of the following appears to be the combination ofneeds found in the best
managers?
A. High need for achievement, high need for Power
B. High need for achievement, low need for Power
C. Low need for Power, high need for achievement
D. High need for Power, low need for Affiliation
8. What is generally considered to be the single best thingthat managers can do to
improve performance?
A. Set specific, challenging goals to be achieved
B. Give abundant opportunities for employee growth
C. Allocate tasks depending onemployees’ personality
D. Restrict the use of punishment for motivatingworkers
9. MBO emphasizes translating overall organizationalobjectives into:
A. Capital and personal gains
B. Specific objectives
C. Operational units
D. Easy and understandable
10. What does MBO provide for the individual employee?
A. Precise job descriptions
B. Opportunity to earn higher salaries
C. Specific personal performance objectives
D. Guidance related to their career path
11. Which of the following is NOT a predictable choice whenemployees perceive an
inequity?
A. Change their inputs
B. Change their outcomes
C. Choose a different referent
D. Acquire more tenure
12. Which of the following concepts is INCONSISTENT with theexpectancy theory
of motivation?
A. Performance and rewards are related
B. Attractive rewards will motivate employees
C. One’s inputs and outputs are compared toanother’s
D. Effort is based upon expectation of appraisal
13.
You graduated from college two years ago and began workingat Omega
Electronics. You have received good performance evaluations anda raise. You
just found out t.
1. In his management information systems textbook, Professor David K.pdf
1. In forecasting, explain how you would determine which variable is the independent variable,
and which is the dependent variable?
2. Regarding productivity
Solution
Forecasting can be defined as a method or technique for estimating a business or any operations
management. For example, the size of a sales force is likely to have an impact on the total sales
for a region. So here, the observed value of totals sales in a region is independent variable while
the observed value in sales force in dependent variable.
Productivity is the measurement of efficiency with which an economy transforms inputs into
outputs. Productivity can be measured in terms of level or growth, eg-GDP.
Multifactor Productivity is a ratio of total output to a subset of inputs. All the outputs in a
multifactor productivity must be measured in same units, eg-in dollars or standard hours
Operations Management is about designing an managing products, processes, services and
supply chains.
Operations management in the area of product management is concerned with designing,
overseeing and controlling production of goods in terms of business requirements. Service
Operations management focuses on how firms can deliver excellent service while achieving
business goals.
A) Products are more different than services and need to be treated differently - is a better option
among the two since product operations need to focus on the product design and management
while services focuses on the service provided rather than the end product.
In a service oriented management, the customer stands important while in product management,
the product is given due importance..
1. If you own real property (land) inSolutionhey guys!!!! Lets.pdf
1. If yields are unchanged, explain why the price of a coupon bond selling at a discount increases
as its maturity date approaches.
2. If yields are unchanged, explain why the price of a coupon bond selling at a premium
decreases as its maturity date approaches.
Solution
If yields are unchanged, the maturity amount is the par value of the bond. So, you can imagine
that a bond that sells at a discount, the price of the bond is expected to increase to reach the par
value by the time of the maturity. The opposite applies in the case of a bond selling at premium.
Again, another way to look at it is that as the time to maturity approaches for a discounted bond,
the reinvestment risk decrease and so the value of the bond increases. On the other hand, in the
case of abond selling at premium, the benefits of higher coupons approaches its end and so the
value of the bond decreases..
1. How does having a scope and WBS help project teams during project.pdf
1. How do you get the degrees of freedom for a one sample t test?
2. what is the difference between saying there is a signficant reatment effect and effect size?
3. What is the relationship between Alpha and Beta?
Solution
1 ) degrees of freedom = sample size - 1
3 ) alpha = type I error rate = significance level under consideration that the NULL hypothesis is
correct
Beta = type II error rate.
1. How do you get the degrees of freedom for a one sample t test2.pdf
1. How do correlation coefficients summarize the information in scatter-plot? What do scatter-
plots reveal that correlation coefficients do not?
2. What is the relationship between the correlation coefficient and R-squared?
Solution
1. They summarise the strength and direction of any potential linear relationship
between x and y. 2.In statistics, the coefficient of determination R2 is used in the context of
statistical models whose main purpose is the prediction of future outcomes on the basis of other
related information. It is the proportion of variability in a data set that is accounted for by the
statistical model. It provides a measure of how well future outcomes are likely to be predicted by
the model. There are several different definitions of R2 which are only sometimes equivalent.
One class of such cases includes that of linear regression. In this case, if an intercept is included
then R2 is simply the square of the sample correlation coefficient between the outcomes and
their predicted values, or in the case of simple linear regression, between the outcomes and the
values of the single regressor being used for prediction. In such cases, the coefficient of
determination ranges from 0 to 1. Important cases where the computational definition of R2 can
yield negative values, depending on the definition used, arise where the predictions which are
being compared to the corresponding outcomes have not been derived from a model-fitting
procedure using those data, and where linear regression is conducted without including an
intercept..
1. Felicia, a supervisor for Alpha Technical Support, attempts to ap.pdf
1. Factor the polynomial 12 x6 -25x4+30x3+20 in Z[x] or prove it cannot be done.
2. Expand (x-2)2(x-4)(x-6) in Z8[x] and findall the roots in Z8 of the result.
Solution
2. Expand (x-2)2(x-4)(x-6) in Z8[x] and findall the roots in Z8 of the result. the
roots are x = 2, 4 ,6 (x-2)2(x-4)(x-6) = (x2- 4x +4)(x2 -10x +24) = x4 - 10x3+24x2 -4x3 + 40x2 -
96x +4x2 - 40x +96 = x4 - 14x3 + 68x2 -136x +96.
1. Find the critical z values. Assume that the normal distribution a.pdf
1. Find the area of a regular 15 sided polygon whose vertices are 15 equally spaced points on a
circle of radius 3?
Area=
2. Find the area of a regular dodecogon with sides length S. Use the fact that area of the
dodecagon with side S sqrt(2-sqrt(3)) equals.
Solution
A 15 sided polygon will have internal angle= 360/15= 24 deg
Each chord forms a side of the polygon. The side length= 2 sin 12
There are 15 such triangles in the circle
Hence total area= 15 x 0.5 x 2 x 3 xsin 12 x 3 x cos 12= 27.45
2. Dodecagon has 20 sides.
Internal angle= 360/20= 18 deg
We break it into 20 triangles
Base=S
Perpendicular= S/2 cot 9
Area of one triangle= 0.5 x S x 0.5 x S x cot 9
= 1.582
Total area= 20 x area of one= 31.64.
1. Does materiality change during the course of an audit2. Do all.pdf
1. Does materiality change during the course of an audit?
2. Do all qualitative factors mean that an item is material?
3. what areas in a financial statement would draw high attention in a qualitative materialiality
factor?--
Solution
1. The determination of materiality is a matter of professional judgment. In determining the
materiality of an item, the auditor considers not only the item’s nature and amount relative to the
financial statements, but also the needs of financial statement users.
Materiality has to be considered before a detailed audit program can be prepared. In the initial
planning, however, an auditor cannot anticipate all of the factors that will ultimately influence
the materiality judgment in the evaluation of audit results at the completion of the audit.
Therefore, these factors must be considered as they arise, and any change in materiality may be
incorpoarated throughout the course of audit.
No not all qualitative factors mean that an item is material.
These areas draw high attention on qualitative materialaity factor. Matters that affect the
organization’s social and legal licence to operate or matters that affect the availability, quality
and affordability of the capitals the organization uses or affects (e.g. matters affecting reputation
and credibility such as regulatory infringements, sensitive factors like fatalities, pollution,
unemployment, negative economic effects)..
1. For a population containing N=902 individuals, what code number w.pdf
1. For a particular sample of 77 scores on a psychology exam, the following results were
obtained.
First quartile = 44 Third quartile = 71 Standard deviation = 6 Range = 45
Mean = 64 Median = 57 Mode = 62 Midrange = 60
Answer each of the following:
I. What score was earned by more students than any other score? Why?
II. What was the highest score earned on the exam?
III. What was the lowest score earned on the exam?
IV. According to Chebyshev\'s Theorem, how many students scored between 40 and 88?
V. Assume that the distribution is normal. Based on the Empirical Rule, how many students
scored between 46 and 82?
Solution
First quartile = 44 Third quartile = 71 Standard deviation = 6 Range = 45
Mean = 64 Median = 57 Mode = 92 Midrange = 60:
I. What score was earned by more students than any other score? Why?
92 mode is what which occur more frequeltly.
II. What was the highest score earned on the exam?
60+45 / 2 = 105/2 = 52.5 this is wrong
somewhere u r question went wrong .... please check once again !!
cant anwer :(
III. What was the lowest score earned on the exam?
60-45 / 2 =
IV. According to Chebyshev\'s Theorem, how many students scored between 40 and 88?
V. Assume that the distribution is normal. Based on the Empirical Rule, how many students
scored between 46 and 82?.
1. During 2012, Duke changed jobs and moved from Dallas to Phoenix. .pdf
1. During 2012, Duke changed jobs and moved from Dallas to Phoenix. Duke had the following
expenses in connection with the move:
Cost of moving household goods $4,000
Meals 300
Lodging 500
Duke drove his car the 1,200 miles from Dallas to Phoenix. What is his moving expense
deduction for 2012?
A: $4,800 B: $800 C: $4,000 D: $4,788
2. An employee drove her automobile 6,000 miles for business during 2015. Using the automatic
mileage method, what is her deduction for unreimbursed expenses (before any applicable 2
percent limit)?
A: $3,450 from AGI B: $1,380 from AGI C: only deductible to the extent reimbursed by her
employer D: $3,360 for AGI
3. Toni is a self-employed consultant and while traveling spends $120 on meals and $200 on
transportation and lodging. What is the amount of Toni\'s deduction for these expenditures?
A: $160 B: $260 C: $320 D: $278
4. Chad is an employee of Haddock Corporation, a commercial real estate broker. Chad takes a
client to dinner and incurs the following expenses (all of which can be substantiated):
Taxi $25
Drinks before dinner $40
Meal cost $135
Tips $35
If Chad is reimbursed by Haddock for $235 (under an adequate accounting plan), what is
Haddock’s tax deduction for these expenses?
A: $130 B: $235 C: $135 D: $205
5. Fran is a CPA who has a small tax practice in her home in addition to working her regular
accounting job. The gross income from this practice is $5,500 for the year. Based on square
footage, $3,000 of Fran\'s mortgage interest and real estate taxes are allocable to the business.
The allocable portion of maintenance, utilities, and depreciation is $3,500. Assuming no other
expenses related to the business were incurred, what amount of the maintenance, utilities, and
depreciation is deductible by Fran?
A: $2,500 B: $3,500 C: $1,750 D: $0
6. Uriah had travel expenses of $1,500 substantiated by credit card receipts. He has a diary that
provides the business purpose and relationship for $800 of these expenses. How much will Uriah
be allowed as a deduction, before considering any limitation based on adjusted gross income?
A: $800 B: $700 C: $1,500 D: a maximum of $25 per day
7. Mike, a staff accountant for a CPA firm, incurred the following expenses:
Travel $200
Transportation $500
Dues and subscriptions $300
Mike gave his employer an adequate accounting and received a reimbursement under an
accountable plan of $1,000 to cover these expenses. What amount is deductible from adjusted
gross income?
A:$700 B: $300 C: $60 D: $0
8. Todd purchased his automobile in 2015 for $35,000. It was used 80 percent for business
purposes. Todd drove the car for 10,000 business miles in 2015 and elected to use the automatic
mileage method to compute his automobile expenses. What is Todd\'s basis in the business
portion of the automobile at the beginning of 2016?
A:$22,250 B: $29,450 C: $32,700 D: $26,588
9. Kate, a self-employed CPA, attended a two-day course on auditing. She incurred the following
expenses:
Airfare $500
Ta.
1. During the four quarters for 2015, the Haydens received two quart.pdf
1. During the four quarters for 2015, the Haydens received two quarterly dividend payments per
share of $0.15 each, one quarterly payment of $0.26, and one quarterly payment of $0.21. If they
owned 200 shares of stock, what was their total dividend income for 2015?
Solution
Given The Dividends are as follows
First Quarter Dividend per share= $ 0.15
Second Quarter Dividend per share= $ 0.15
Third Quarter Dividend per share= $ 0.26
Fourth Quarter Dividend per share= $ 0.21
Total Dividend per share = $ 0.15+ $ 0.15+ $0.26+ $ 0.21 =$0.77 per share
No of Shares = 200
Total Dividend received for the Year 2015 = 200*$0.77 = $ 154.
1. Discuss the potential benefits of membership in two professional .pdf
1. Discuss the potential benefits of membership in two professional organizations you visited.
Also, discuss opportunities for education and training, and the certifications offered by both of
the professional organizations you visited.
2. Topic 1:
Many taxpayers think the tax law is all black and white with no room for gray areas. What do
you think? Explain your answer
Topic 2:
The various tax services provide Internal Revenue Code (IRC) histories for researchers who need
them. Why would tax preparers need to review prior years’ tax law? Explain your answer in
detail
Solution
2.
When we move general principal to consider actual tax regulation as they must be drafted , we
encounter exactly the opposite kind of problem. Here everything must be absolutely precise.
Every receipt must be ruled either taxable or non-taxable;every expenditure either deductible or
not. Ther is no room for vagueness..
1. Discuss briefly the various abstractions from precipitation.2. .pdf
1. Discuss briefly the various abstractions from precipitation.
2. Discuss the factors affecting the infiltration capacity of an area.
3. With the help of typical hydrographs describe the salient features of: (a) Perennial, (b)
Intermittent, (c) Ephemeral streams.
Solution
The various abstractions from precipitation can be elaborated as :-a) Evaporation b)
Transpiration c) Infiltration d) Surface Detention e) Storage..a) Evaporation:- This can be
defined as the process by which water is converted from its liquid form to vapor form and thus
transferred from land and water masses to the atmosphere.The various factors affecting
Evaporation rate are :- Vapor Pressure,Wind,Temperature,Atmospheric Pressure,Soluble
Salts,Heat Storage in water bodies. b) Transpiration :- It can be defined as the process by which
water leaves the body of a living plant and reaches the atmosphere as water vapor.The water is
taken by the plant root system and escapes through the leaves.The various factors affecting it
are:- a) atmospheric vapor pressure,temperature,wind,light intensity and characteristics of the
plant such as the root and leaf systems.c) Infiltration:- It can be defined as the flow of water into
the ground surface such as rainfall,snowmelt and irrigation into the soil. d) Surface Detention :-
It is also called detention storage and can be defined as the part of the rain which remains on the
ground surface during rain and either runs off or infiltrates after the rain ends. e)
Storage/Groundwater Storage:- It can be defined as the water present below the earth\'s surface
in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.We can define a unit of rock or an
unconsolidated deposit as an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. 2.Infiltration
capacity can be defined as the maximum rate at which a given soil at a given time can absorb
water .It is expressed in units of cm/hour and is designated as fp(f subscript p).The various
factors affecting infiltration capacity of an area are :- a) Characteristics of the soil
(texture,porosity and hydraulic conductivity) b) Condition of the soil surface c) Vegetative cover
d) Current moisture content e)Soil temperature. 3.Various streams can be classified as
Perennial,Intermittent and Empheral on the basis of the study of annual hydrographs of those. A
perennial stream can be defined as the one that always carries some flow in it as shown in the
figure.It has considerable amount of groundwater flow throughout the year.In this case, even
during the dry seasons,the water table will be above the bed of the stream.Whereas the
intermittent stream has limited contribution from the groundwater.In this case during the wet
season , the water table is above the stream bed and there is contribution of base flow to the
stream flow.But during dry seasons the water table drops to a lower level than that of the stream
bed and the stream dries up.However excepting for an occasional storm that can produce a short
dur.
1. Determine the truth value of the following statement Paris is .pdf
1. Determine the truth value of the following statement:
Paris is a city in France and all prime numbers are divisible by 10.
True
False
2. Construct a truth table for (~p v q)--> p . Be sure to include all intermediate steps in your
table.
3. Fill in the heading of the following truth table using any of p, q, ~, --> , ?, v , and ^ . Use
keyboard shortcuts of --> for--> , <--> for ?, V for v , and ^ for ^ .
p q _________
T T F
T F F
F T T
F F F
4. Construct a truth table for (q v p) --> ~q. Be sure to include all intermediate steps in your
table.
5.
Given p is true, q is true, and r is false, find the truth value of the statement ~p--> (q v ~r).
Show step by step work. Use keyboard shortcuts of --> for--> , <--> for ?, V for v , and ^ for ^ ,
if needed.
6. Determine which, if any, of the three statements are equivalent.
I) If the carpet is not clean, then Sheila will run the vacuum.
II) It is not the case that both the carpet is clean and Sheila will run the vacuum.
III) If the carpet is clean, then Sheila will not run the vacuum
I, II, and III are equivalent
I and II are equivalent
I and III are equivalent
II and III are equivalent
None are equivalent
7. Write the argument below in symbols to determine whether it is valid or invalid. State a
reason for your conclusion. Specify the p and q you used. detailed solution to
If the gazebo is made of wood, then the vine is growing on the gazebo.
The vine is growing on the gazebo.
The gazebo is made of wood.
8. Determine which, if any, of the three statements are equivalent. Give a reason for your
conclusion. Show complete work.
I) If the boat was leaking, then Mary was not seated in the boat.
II) If the boat was leaking then Mary was seated in the boat.
III) If Mary was not seated in the boat, then the boat was not leaking.
a. I, II, and III are equivalent
b. I and II are equivalent
c. I and III are equivalent
d. II and III are equivalent
e. None are equivalent
9. Create a Euler diagram to determine whether the syllogism is valid or invalid.
All saxophonists have agile fingers.
Darren is a saxophonist.
Darren has agile fingers.
10. If the argument below is valid, name which of the four valid forms of argument is
represented. If it is not valid, name the fallacy that is represented.
If the water is filtered, then it does not contain lead.
The water does not contain lead.
Therefore, the water is filtered.
11. Form the contrapositive: If I eat a lot of sweets, then I will not feel well.
If I do not feel well, then I ate a lot of sweets.
If I do not eat a lot of sweets, then I will feel well.
If I feel well, then I did not eat a lot of sweets.
If I do not feel well, then I did not eat a lot of sweets.
If I feel well, then I ate a lot of sweets.
12. Write the compound statement in symbols.
Let r = The food is good, p = I eat too much, q = I\'ll exercise.
If the food is not good, I won\'t eat too much.
~(r--> p)
~r--> ~p
r--> ~p
~p --> ~r
Solution
Answers:
1: Paris is the city in France, but no prime num.
1. Describe why a manager needs to understand the characteristics an.pdf
1. Describe why a manager needs to understand the characteristics and importance of financial
markets including risk and efficiency.
2. Describe why cash flows are more important than sales in a business
3. Discuss what could happen if management does not fulfill its financial responsibilities related
to the business--dig deeper than just the business will fail. Find an article that highlights a real
life example of management making poor financial decisions that affected the business.
Solution
1. A manager needs to understand the characteristics and importance of financial markets
including risk and efficiency because risk is inseperable from performance. Understanding risk is
one of the most important parts of a financial education. We always expect a higher rate of return
even if we invest in risky ventures. The investments have a low and negative value in economy
and it sometimes creates uncertainity in the financial market. Therefore manager should have
understanding about financial markets including risk and efficiency.
2. Csh flows are more important than sales. It gives a picture of the transactions to be classified
into Operating Expenses , Investing Activities and Financing Activities. It maintains Company\'s
Financial Stability.
3. Management has to fulfill the financial responsibilities related to business for its smooth
operations. An example could be when a person starts his new business without inter pretting
financial forecast. This would sometimes lead into short run profits and then not work out in long
run profits. Thus resulting in decrease of cash flows which will in turn affect business.
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This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
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9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
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