1. Briefly state the Master Theorem.What type of problem is it usefu.pdf
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1. Briefly state the Master Theorem.What type of problem is it useful for? 2. What is the balance condition of the AVL tree? Does this balance condition mean that the depth of the highest and lowest leaves in the tree will be different by at most one? 3. Under what conditions does a BFS algorithm on Graphs work as a single source shortest path algorithm? Solution 1) Master Theorem : A recurrence relation of the following form: T(n) = c n < c1 = aT(n/b) + (n i ), n c1 Has as its solution: 1) If a > bi then T(n) = (n logb a ) (Work is increasing as we go down the tree, so this is the number of leaves in the recursion tree). 2) If a = b i then T(n) = (n i logb n) (Work is the same at each level of the tree, so the work is the height,logb n, times work/level). 3) If a < bi then T(n) = (n i ) (Work is going down as we go down the tree, so dominated by the initial work at the root). The Master method is a general method for solving (getting a closed form solution to) recurrence relations that arise frequently in divide and conquer algorithms, which have the following form: T(n) = aT(n/b) + f(n) where a 1, b > 1 are constants, and f(n) is function of non-negative integer n. There are three cases. (a) If f(n) = O(n logb a ), for some > 0, then T(n) = (n logba ). (b) If f(n) = (n logb a ), then T(n) = (n logb a log n). (c) If f(n) = (n logb a+ ) for some > 0, and af(n/b) cf(n), for some c < 1 and for all n greater than some value n 0, Then T(n) = (f(n)). 2) An AVL tree has a balance condition such that each node stores the maximum depth of nodes below it. A NULL tree has a level of -1 and a leaf node has a level of 0. A node having 1 or 2 subtrees will have as its own level the maximum of left or right subtree levels +1. Within an AVL tree, the maximum difference allowed between left and right subtree levels is 1. When an insertion or deletion operation results in this difference increasing to 2, rearrangements called rotations are performed to reduce the imbalance for an AVL tree to retain the AVL balance condition. True. A heap is derived from an array and new levels to a heap are only added once the leaf level is already full. As a result, a heap’s leaves are only found in the bottom two levels of the heap and thus the maximum difference between any two leaves’ depths is 1. A common mistake was pointing out that a heap could be arbitrarily shaped as long as the heap property (parent greater than its children in the case of a maxheap) was maintained. This heap is not a valid heap, as there would be gaps if we tried to express it in array form, heap operations would no longer have O(log n) running time, and heap sort would fail when using this heap. Another common mistake was simply justifying this statement by saying a heap is balanced. An AVL tree is also balanced, but it does not have the property that any two leaves have depths that differ by at most 1. 3) BFS can only be used to find shortest path in a graph if: There are no loops All edges have.
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![pointing out that a heap could be arbitrarily shaped as long as the heap property (parent greater
than its children in the case of a maxheap) was maintained. This heap is not a valid heap, as there
would be gaps if we tried to express it in array form, heap operations would no longer have
O(log n) running time, and heap sort would fail when using this heap. Another common mistake
was simply justifying this statement by saying a heap is balanced. An AVL tree is also balanced,
but it does not have the property that any two leaves have depths that differ by at most 1.
3)
BFS can only be used to find shortest path in a graph if:
There are no loops
All edges have same weight or no weight.
To find the shortest path, all you have to do is start from the source and perform a breadth first
search and stop when you find your destination Node. The only additional thing you need to do
is have an array previous[n] which will store the previous node for every node visited. The
previous of source can be null.
To print the path, simple loop through the previous[] array from source till you reach destination
and print the nodes. DFS can also be used to find the shortest path in a graph under similar
conditions.
However, if the graph is more complex, containing weighted edges and loops, then we need a
more sophisticated version of BFS, i.e. Dijkstra's algorithm.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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This document provides an overview of Boolean algebra, which describes logical relations and operations in digital circuits. It discusses:
1) George Boole's rules that describe logical propositions as either true or false, which can represent digital circuit states of 1 or 0.
2) Basic Boolean operations like AND, OR, and NOT and how they are represented by logic gates. Truth tables show all possible input/output combinations for each gate.
3) Laws of Boolean algebra like commutativity, association, distribution, and others. Karnaugh maps provide a way to simplify Boolean expressions into sum-of-products form.
Mca iii dfs u-4 tree and graph
This document discusses nonlinear data structures like trees and graphs. It defines trees and graphs, noting that all trees are graphs but not all graphs are trees. It covers topics like binary trees, binary search trees, tree traversal methods, graphs, spanning trees, and minimum spanning trees. Recursion is described as useful for processing trees by keeping track of what has been processed and what remains.
Trees
The document discusses deletion operations in B+ trees. It explains that deleting a key from a leaf node may cause the leaf to have too few keys, requiring a merge with a sibling leaf. If the sibling also has too few keys, their parent node may need to be split or merged to maintain the B+ tree properties. The process of replacing deleted internal keys and potentially merging/splitting nodes is similar to the insertion procedure.
(a) There are three ways to traverse a binary tree pre-order, in-or.docx
The document discusses three topics: (1) in-order tree traversal, (2) B-tree data structures, and (3) open addressing for hash collisions. It provides code for in-order traversal and explains that B-trees allow for efficient searching, insertion and deletion of large blocks of sorted data, keeping the tree balanced. Open addressing resolves collisions by probing alternate array locations using techniques like linear, quadratic or double hashing until finding an empty slot.
HeapSort
Al Mansour University College
Software Engineering Department
Lec: Wael Esam Matti
Edited by Tuqa Aqeel
Algorithm chapter 6
Here is a linear programming formulation of the election problem:
Let x = amount spent on urban ads
y = amount spent on suburban ads
z = amount spent on rural ads
Minimize: x + y + z
Subject to: x ≥ 100,000 (urban votes)
y ≥ 200,000 (suburban votes)
z ≥ 25,000 (rural votes)
x, y, z ≥ 0
The objective is to minimize total spending while satisfying the vote constraints.
Answers withexplanations
The document contains 16 multiple choice questions about algorithms, data structures, and graph theory. Each question has 4 possible answers and the correct answer is provided. The maximum number of comparisons needed to merge sorted sequences is 358, and depth first search on a graph represented with an adjacency matrix has a worst case time complexity of O(n^2).
Similar to 1. Briefly state the Master Theorem.What type of problem is it usefu.pdf (20)
How do you find the order of growth for the following recurrenceT.pdf
How do you find the order of growth for the following recurrenceT.pdf
(a) There are three ways to traverse a binary tree pre-order, in-or.docx
(a) There are three ways to traverse a binary tree pre-order, in-or.docx
More from sales98
Genetic evidence supports which of the following explanations for the.pdf
Genetic evidence supports which of the following explanations for the presence of 13 different
finch species on the Galapagos islands? Each of the 13 species was founded by an independent
migration of a different species from the mainland to the islands. Many years ago, more than 13
different species of birds migrated to the islands. The current 13 finch species are the only ones
that survived. It\'s not clear based on the DNA evidence whether the 13 species arose from a
single migration of one species or multiple migrations of several species from the mainland to
the islands. Many years ago, a small population of single finch species migrated to the islands
and evolved into the current 13 species.
Solution
Answer will be 4th option that is \"many year ago, a small population of single finch species
migrwted yo the islands snd evolver into current 13 species.
The evolution of finch was related to feeding strategies. The 13 diatinct species were
descendants of a common ancestor and each of their species eats different type of food. for
example, Cactus finch has a long beak that reaches into blossoms, the gtound finch has a short
beak adapted for eating seeds burried under the soil and tree finch has a parrot shaped beak
suited for stripping bark to find insects.
The beak size is clearly related to feeding strategies, it is also related to reproduction. Female
finch tends to mate with males that have the same beak size..
Complete the following table for InvestmentsFair value method(s).pdf
Complete the following table for Investments:
Fair value method(s)
Other Method
Investment in Bonds
2 methods:
Held to Maturity – Amortized Cost
Investments in Stocks
1 method:
Fair value method(s)
Other Method
Investment in Bonds
2 methods:
Held to Maturity – Amortized Cost
Investments in Stocks
1 method:
Solution.
Find the values of the trigonometric functions of from the informat.pdf
Find the values of the trigonometric functions of from the information given. sin() = 15 /17 , in
Quadrant IV cos() = tan() = csc() = sec() = cot() =
Solution
B = Base
P = Perpendicular
H = Hypotenuses
sin() = 15/17 = P/H, in Quadrant IV
B = sqrt[H^2 – P^2] = 8
cos() = B/H = 8/17
tan() = P/B = -15/8
csc() = 1/sin() = -17/15
sec() = 1/cos() = 17/8
cot() = 1/tan() = -8/15.
Evolution is driven by environmental that put selection pressure on o.pdf
Evolution is driven by environmental that put selection pressure on organisms. a. What
environments lead to the development of an \'open\' pan-genome? What conditions lead to a
\'closed\' pan-genome? b. Why do bacteria of a single species have genes that other members of
the same species do not?
Solution
Pan genome is the entire set of genes of all the strains of a species it includes genes present in all
the strains and the dreams present only in some strains. Pan genome can be defined as open or
closed based on the capability of the species to acquire exogenous DNA and to possess large
amount of rRNA. These species with open pangenome tend to have large genome and contain
open genes where there is high rate of genes transfer and several ribosomal Operon.
Some bacterial species may have unlimited large genes repertoire or open pangenome and other
species may have limited by maximum number of genes in their gene pool called closed
pangenome.
In open Pan genome species the number of genes of The species increases with the number of
additionally sequence d strrains species which live in multiple environment of different microbial
communities have chances for exchanging genetic material and hence continuously changed a set
of genes example E.coli.
In closed pangenome after some sequenced strains additional strains don\'t provide new genes to
the species this pangenome is typical for species that live in isolated niches with Limited access
to global microbial genen pool example bacillus anthracis.
B. For example different strains of the pathogen pseudomonas syringae have different host range
and their remarkably have different genomes due to differences in the virulence genes in their
genomes. The ecological niche determines the evolution of the gene content of an organism that
for the largest genomic differences observed among the strains of a species could be the outcome
of Differential evolution of those species in response to different ecological habitats..
e) As a practical matter, trade-offs of qualitative characteristics o.pdf
e) As a practical matter, trade-offs of qualitative characteristics occur in accounting because
Accounting standards are incomplete Accountants don\'t have enough time to properly
investigate all matters Managers can\'t be trusted Specific disclosures may not meet all users\'
needs f) Which of the following is a key difference between IFRS and ASPE? IFRS includes the
concept of conservatism IFRS includes four principle qualitative characteristics Timeliness is
considered an enhancing characteristic in IFRS O ASPE describes three different types of capital
maintenance g) Which of the following is not a measurement base recognized in the conceptual
framework? Historical cost O Present value Current cost Fair market value h) The standard
setters\' discussion of financial statement elements Requires transactions be reported in
accordance with their legal form Includes all items that should be reported on a financial
statement Eliminates the need for the accountant to apply professional judgment Includes broad
definitions of the general nature of each item i) Which of the following is not a motivation for
management manipulation of reported financial results? Conditions of contracts Academic
disagreement Performance-based compensation Market expectations j) Which of the following
criteria is not a requirement for recognition of an item in the financial statements? The item has a
cost or value that can be measured reliably The fair value of the item can be determined through
an active market O It is probable that future economic benefits from the item will flow to or from
the entity The item meets the definition of an element
Solution
1. Specific disclosures may not meet all users need.
2. IFRS includes the concept of conservatism
3. Present Value.
4. Requires transactions be reported according to legal form.
Determine whether the relation defines y as a function of x. Give the.pdf
The document discusses whether relations define y as a function of x and what the domains are. The first relation y = x + 1/11 is not a function, and has a domain of (-infinity, 11) U (11, infinity). The second relation 6x - 2y < -8 is not a function, with a domain of (-infinity, infinity).
Connor and his wife are guests at the hotel, having reserved a room .pdf
Connor and his wife are guests at the hotel, having reserved a room for three days. on the second
day and while connor was supposed to be attending a business meeting, he was arrested for sale
of illegal drugs. The police immediately went to hotel and received from the innkeeper
permission to search the room. During the search the police found illegal drugs and drug
paraphernalia. Can they be used against Connor at trial? Why or why not? Does the hotel have
any liability to Connor in this circumstance? Why or why not ?
Solution.
Define the role of the entrepreneur in the U.S. economy and describe.pdf
Define the role of the entrepreneur in the U.S. economy and describe the entrepreneurial profile.
Solution
Irrespective of economy, the entrepreneur plays an equally important role in all economies.
Entrepreneurs can come in different shapes and sizes. On one hand, we can have an entrepreneur
like Peter Thiel founder of Paypal and an early investor in Facebook and on other hand, we can
have thousands ( or millions ) of entrepreneur who are running mom and pop stores, fuel stations
and motels.
Entrepreneurs play following important role in any economy ( including US economy):
1. Job Creators: It is not the established businesses which plays a larger role in creating jobs. Its
the new business and the small and medium enterprises which generates the maximum jobs.
2. Brings efficiency to the system: A new venture by an entrepreneur is nimble, identifies new
but unmet needs or serve the existing needs more efficiently. The competition keeps everyone
nimbles, weeds out inefficient firms and brings overall larger value to the system.
3. Market disrupters: While new entrepreneurs go for new technology or for new businesses, new
job opportunities emerge. Who would have thought that positions like Data scientists, Viral
marketers, E commerce, Hyper retail would have existed two and half decades before.
Entrepreneurial Profile: As mentioned above , entrepreneurs can come in various shapes and
sizes. Its not necessary for an entrepreneur to be a white, male, caucasian and from Bay area.
Anyone who is the owner of a business is an entrepreneur. It is another matter that today
entrepreneurship is more identifed with IT, however, entrepreneurship can be in any field
ranging from tech to mining, retailing to space journeys. An entrepreneur is one who (1) is not
status quoist and is in constant search for new ways to make existing things better, efficient and
cost effective (2) who challenges exisiting norms and ways in which the world is seen (3) a risk
taker and someone who is willing to stick his neck out..
Consider a double-linked linked list implementation with the followin.pdf
Consider a double-linked linked list implementation with the following node: struct Node {int
data; Node *prev; Node *next;} Write a copyList method that is not a member of any class.
The method should take a head pointer and return another pointer. Do not modify the input.
Solution
struct Node {
Node *prev; // previous node
Node *next; // next node
int data; // stored value
};
#include
#include \"List.h\" // std: #include
using namespace std;
typedef DataList ; // std: typedef list Data;
int main() {
Data k;
// back stuff
k.push_back(5);
k.push_back(6);
cout << k.back() << endl;
k.pop_back();
// front stuff
k.push_front(4);
k.push_front(3);
cout << k.front() << endl;
k.pop_front();
// forward iterator
Data::iterator pos;
for (pos = k.begin(); pos != k.end(); ++pos)
cout << *pos << endl;
// output and delete list
while (!k.empty()) {
cout << k.front() << endl;
k.pop_front();
}
k.push_front(5);
k.push_front(6);
// remove and erase
k.remove(5);
pos = k.begin();
k.erase(pos);
k.push_front(5);
k.push_front(6);
// copy constructor
Data l = k;
// assignment operator
Data m;
m = k;
return 0;
}
// List.h
struct Node;
classIterator List;
class List {
public:
typedef ListIterator iterator;
// constructor
List();
// destructor
virtual ~List();
// copy constructor
List(const List& k);
// assignment operator
List& operator=(const List& k);
// insert value in front of list
void push_front(double data);
// insert value in back of list
void push_back(double data);
// delete value from front of list
void pop_front();
// delete value from back of list
void pop_back();
// return value on front of list
double front() const;
// return value on back of list
double back() const;
// delete value specified by iterator
void erase(const iterator& i);
// delete all nodes with specified value
void remove(double data);
// return true if list is empty
bool empty() const;
// return reference to first element in list
iterator begin() const;
// return reference to one past last element in list
iterator end() const;
private:
Node *head; // head of list
};
class ListIterator {
public:
// default constructor
ListIterator() {
i = 0;
}
// construct iterator for given pointer (used for begin/end)
ListIterator(Node *p) {
i = p;
}
// convert iterator to Node*
operator Node*() const {
return i;
}
// test two iterators for not equal
bool operator!=(const ListIterator& k) const {
return i != k.i;
}
// preincrement operator
ListIterator& operator++() {
i = i->next;
return *this;
}
// return value associated with iterator
double& operator*() const {
return i->data;
}
private:
Node *i; // current value of iterator
};
list.cpp
// delete list
static void deleteList(Node *head) {
Node *p = head->next;
while (p != head) {
Node *next = p->next;
delete p;
p = next;
}
delete head;
}
// copy list
static void copyList(const Node *from, Node *&to) {
// create dummy header
to = new Node;
to->next = to->prev = to;
// copy nodes
for (Node *p = from->next; p != from; p = p->next) {
Node *t = new Node;
t.
8. You may have heard that drinking soda or acid is bad for your teet.pdf
8. You may have heard that drinking soda or acid is bad for your teeth. The enamel on your
teeth consists of the mineral hydroxyapatite, Ca (PO(OH) a. Is hydroxyapatite an acid or base?
Hint: look at the ions in the chemical formula. b. Based on your answer to Sa, is acid good or bad
for your teeth? Give reasons c. How does flouride prevent cavities? Hint: Fluoride reacts with
hydroxyapatite in a double : 40 with acid.
Solution
Ans A. It is acidic since n sloution produces phosphate ion .
Ans B. No it is not good, since it increase the production of Lactic acid and bacteria lives ore.
Ans C.
It is called remineralization. When fluoride is present during remineralization, the minerals
fabriacted into the tooth enamel help strengthen teeth and prevent dissolution during the next
demineralization phase. In this way, fluoride helps stop the decay process and prevent tooth
decay.
alter ego theory. TRUE FALSE Multiple Choice her nephew Dru to manag.pdf
alter ego theory. TRUE FALSE Multiple Choice: her nephew Dru to manage her business,
Door\'s Doors. In addition based 21. Doreen hires to his salary, Doreen provides Dru with health
insurance, a 401K, and a bonus on a formula for sharing the profits. Dru is a. a partner because
he shares in the profits. b. not a partner because he does not share in the losses c. not a partner
because he is family and nepotism is against the law. d a partner because he is family and with a
good lawyer could convince a jury that Door\'s Doors is a family business. 22. Debra and
Lawrence have an equal partnership. This year, after expenses, the partnership had a profit of
$200,000. Debra and Lawrence will each pay taxes on: a. whatever they receive from the
partnership. b. $50,000. c. $100,000. d. None of the above. The partnership itself will pay the
taxes on the business\'s profit 3. Pualani and Quentin do business as partners in Rio Vista
Builders, a residen
Solution
21. Answer is option B
Partners are required to share profit and loss in partnership
22. Answer is option C
IRS does not consider partnerships to be separate from their owners for tax purposes; instead,
they are considered “pass-through” tax entities. So partnership income of 200,000 will be equally
distributed between both partners equally . Income of each partner will be 100,000..
2)Are enterprise information portals making executive information sy.pdf
2)Are enterprise information portals making executive information systems unnecessary?
Explain your reasoning.
Solution
ENTERPRISE INFORMATION PORTAL:
Enterprise Information Portal provides a personalized web interface for corporate intranets to
give their users easy of access to a variety of internal and external businness
applications,databases and information systems that are useful to individual perferences and
information needs...
EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS:
Executive information systems are informationsystems are orginally designed to support the
strategic information needs to top management. EIS are easy to use and enable executives to
retrive information tailored to their needs and preferences.It can provide information about a
companys critical success factors toexcetuives to support their planning and control
responsibilities..
Reasoning...
EIP are provided by the companies as a way to provide a web enabled information and descision
support to the stake holders.
EIS onthe other hand provies the descision to the strategic information that needs to the
mnagement.
The enriched features and benifits that give its credibility for swallowing the EIS..
the benifits of EIP are..
Universal Access to Enterprise Resources
Decreased cost of information
Unified dynamically maintained view of enterprise data and information
increased collobaration and effecivness.
thsese give the additional advantage over the EIS.. which even covers the features of EIS..
5. How the tax system changes the distribution of income among capita.pdf
5. How the tax system changes the distribution of income among capitalists, labourers, and
landlords in referred to as A. balanced-budget incidence. B. size distribution of income. C.
proportional distribution of income. D. functional distribution of income.
Solution
ANSWER:
The correct is option d because it is the definition of functional distribution of income..
Write Java FX code for this pseudocode of the void initilizaHistoryL.pdf
Write Java FX code for this pseudocode of the void initilizaHistoryList() function. (HistoryMenu
of a game)
initializeHistoryList() : void
Purpose: To show the history of all players who logged in or played as guests. It will deserialize
Player objects, get desired info from its History object and then serialize the Player object.
Called by the constructor.
Pseudocode:
Ask user to to select opponent player vs player, player vs computer,view history, or quit.
User clicks on \"View History\"
initizalizeHistoryList() is called and a list of the Player object values from the Player map is
loaded into a variable
The list of Player objects is returned
Solution
package players;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import java.awt.Font;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.JButton;
importjavax.swing.text.StyleContext.SmallAttributeSet;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
publicclassPlayerMain {
private JFrame frame;
private JTextField textField;
private JTextField textField_1;
private JTextField textField_2;
private JRadioButton rdbtnNewRadioButton;
private JRadioButton rdbtnComputer;
publicstatic Map pMap = new HashMap();
/**
* Launch the application.
*/
publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
publicvoid run() {
try {
PlayerMain window = new PlayerMain();
window.frame.setVisible(true);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
/**
* Create the application.
*/
publicPlayerMain() {
initialize();
}
/**
* Initialize the contents of the frame.
*/
privatevoid initialize() {
frame = new JFrame();
frame.setBounds(100, 100, 511, 363);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.getContentPane().setLayout(null);
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
panel.setBounds(0, 0, 495, 325);
frame.getContentPane().add(panel);
panel.setLayout(null);
JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel(\"Players History\");
lblNewLabel.setFont(new Font(\"Times New Roman\", Font.PLAIN, 24));
lblNewLabel.setBounds(182, 24, 155, 43);
panel.add(lblNewLabel);
JLabel lblPlayerName = new JLabel(\"Player Name :\");
lblPlayerName.setBounds(92, 99, 106, 14);
panel.add(lblPlayerName);
JLabel lblPlayerId = new JLabel(\"Player Id :\");
lblPlayerId.setBounds(92, 124, 106, 14);
panel.add(lblPlayerId);
JLabel lblPlayerAge = new JLabel(\"Player Age :\");
lblPlayerAge.setBounds(92, 149, 106, 14);
panel.add(lblPlayerAge);
rdbtnNewRadioButton = new JRadioButton(\"player\",true);
rdbtnNewRadioButton.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_0);
rdbtnNewRadioButton.setBounds(151, 196, 71, 23);
rdbtnComputer = new JRadioButton(\"computer\");
rdbtnNewRadioButton.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_1);
rdbtnComputer.setBounds(247, 196, 109, 23);
//Group the radio buttons.
ButtonG.
Your name Date Explanation of Program -Modifying the first .pdf
/* *Your name *Date * *Explanation of Program *-Modifying the first program * - print,printf,
escape values, arithmetic operators */ public class Welcome1 { //main method begins execution f
Java application public static void main (String [] args) { System.out.println(\"Welcome to Java
Programming\"); }//end method mai }//end class Welcome1 /* Output copied from
display/message windowo * ----jGRASP exec: java Welcome1 *Welcom to Java Programming *
*----jGRASP: operation complete. */ in JAVA
Please edit this program in Java using new commands
Solution
Using the following commands you can print the output in java:
System.out.write(\"Message Here\".getBytes());
System.out.format(\"%s\", \"Message Here\");
PrintStream ot = new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(FileDescriptor.out));
ot.print(\"i love Java\");
System.err.print(\"Message Here\");.
Why is it that ozone is not desirable at the surface of earth, but i.pdf
Why is it that ozone is not desirable at the surface of earth, but is desirable in the stratosphere?
Solution
Ozone occurs naturally in the stratosphere and is produced and destroyed at a constant rate. But
this \"good\" ozone is gradually being destroyed by manmade chemicals called
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and other ozone depleting substances (used in coolants,
foaming agents, fire extinguishers, and solvents). These ozone depleting substances degrade
slowly and can remain intact for many years as they move through the troposphere until they
reach the stratosphere. There they are broken down by the intensity of the sun\'s ultraviolet rays
and release chlorine and bromine molecules, which destroy \"good\" ozone. One chlorine or
bromine molecule can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules, causing ozone to disappear much faster
than nature can replace it.
It can take years for ozone depleting chemicals to reach the stratosphere, and even though we
have reduced or eliminated the use of many CFCs, their impact from years past is just starting to
affect the ozone layer. Substances released into the air today will contribute to ozone destruction
well into the future.
Satellite observations indicate a world-wide thinning of the protective ozone layer. The most
noticeable losses occur over the North and South Poles because ozone depletion accelerates in
extremely cold weather conditions..
Write a program that moves the ball in a pane. You should define a p.pdf
Write a program that moves the ball in a pane. You should define a pane class for displaying the
ball and provide the methods for moving the ball left, right, up, and down. Check the boundary
to prevent the ball from moving out of sight completely. The language is Java.
Solution
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class Pane extends JFrame {
private JButton jbtLeft = new JButton(\"Left\");
private JButton jbtRight = new JButton(\"Right\");
private JButton jbtUp = new JButton(\"Up\");
private JButton jbtDown = new JButton(\"Down\");
private BallPanel ballPanel = new BallPanel();
public MovingABall () {
JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
buttonPanel.add(jbtLeft);
buttonPanel.add(jbtRight);
buttonPanel.add(jbtUp);
buttonPanel.add(jbtDown);
ballPanel.setBackground(Color.RED);
this.add(ballPanel);
this.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
jbtLeft.addActionListener(new ButtonListener());
jbtRight.addActionListener(new ButtonListener());
jbtUp.addActionListener(new ButtonListener());
jbtDown.addActionListener(new ButtonListener());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MovingABall mainWondow = new MovingABall();
mainWondow.setTitle(\"Moving a ball\");
mainWondow.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
mainWondow.setVisible(true);
}
class ButtonListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent buttonPressed) {
if (buttonPressed.getSource() == jbtLeft)
ballPanel.left();
else if (buttonPressed.getSource() == jbtRight)
ballPanel.right();
else if (buttonPressed.getSource() == jbtUp)
ballPanel.up();
else if (buttonPressed.getSource() == jbtDown)
ballPanel.down();
}
}
class BallPanel extends JPanel {
private int xCoord = -1;
private int yCoord = -1;
private Dimension preferredSize = new Dimension(300,200);
public void left() {
xCoord-=5;
repaint();
}
public void right() {
xCoord+=5;
repaint();
}
public void up() {
yCoord-=5;
repaint();
}
public void down() {
yCoord+=5;
repaint();
}
@Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return preferredSize;
}
protected void paintComponent(Graphics aBall) {
super.paintComponent(aBall);
if (xCoord<0 || yCoord<0) {
xCoord = getWidth()/2;
yCoord = getHeight()/2;
}
System.out.println(\"X\" + getWidth());
aBall.drawOval(xCoord, yCoord, 10, 10);
}
}
}.
Which ape has been known to make territory patrols and wage war o.pdf
Which ape has been known to make territory patrols and \"wage war\" on neighboring groups?
Orangutans Gorillas Chimpanzees Bonobos Which group was the first euprimates?
Omomyids and Adapids and plesiadaiforms Plesidapiforms and Omomyids Adapids
Solution
Ans 21 c chimpanzees
Not only human, chimpanzees also wage wars on their neighbouring groups and make territories.
The gombe chimpanzee war lasted 1974- 1978 . So it was the first time in 1974 when they were
seen attacking their fellow mates..
What are the limitations of an expert systemSolutionLIMITATIO.pdf
What are the limitations of an expert system?
Solution
LIMITATIONS:-
1. The concept of the Expert Systems mainly involves a very narrow range of the codified
domain.
2. The Expert Systems are not generally adopted at managing the highly
sophisticated sensory inputs
3. The Expert Systems mainly function in the domain of
the extracted, cognitive, logical thinking process.
4. The different types of the multi – dimensional problems that are faced by
the various users while performing the various activities, cannot be efficiently tackled by the
Expert Systems.
5. Some of the typical Expert Systems at times are not able to make available
common sense knowledge and the broad – ranging contextual information.
6. Very narrow range of the knowledge is incorporated in the Expert Systems.
7. The Expert Systems do – not respond well to the various situations out – side their range of
the expertise.
8. The Expert Systems remain what they are – the machine experts.
9. The human self – awareness is lacking in the Expert Systems.
10. The various Expert Systems lack the much needed self – analysis tools.
11. The Expert Systems are non – self referral systems.
12. In case of the Expert Systems, no introspection is possible.
13. Expert Systems have the ability of performing only with – in a specific,
logical – oriented realm of the expertise..
Using the scenario provided in the Milestone One Guidelines and Rubr.pdf
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document with supporting screenshots embedded in the document.
Solution
Human Computer interface (HCI):
Information Management Database:.
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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- 2. pointing out that a heap could be arbitrarily shaped as long as the heap property (parent greater than its children in the case of a maxheap) was maintained. This heap is not a valid heap, as there would be gaps if we tried to express it in array form, heap operations would no longer have O(log n) running time, and heap sort would fail when using this heap. Another common mistake was simply justifying this statement by saying a heap is balanced. An AVL tree is also balanced, but it does not have the property that any two leaves have depths that differ by at most 1. 3) BFS can only be used to find shortest path in a graph if: There are no loops All edges have same weight or no weight. To find the shortest path, all you have to do is start from the source and perform a breadth first search and stop when you find your destination Node. The only additional thing you need to do is have an array previous[n] which will store the previous node for every node visited. The previous of source can be null. To print the path, simple loop through the previous[] array from source till you reach destination and print the nodes. DFS can also be used to find the shortest path in a graph under similar conditions. However, if the graph is more complex, containing weighted edges and loops, then we need a more sophisticated version of BFS, i.e. Dijkstra's algorithm.