GNU Toolchain is the de facto standard of IT industrial and has been improved by comprehensive open source contributions. In this session, it is expected to cover the mechanism of compiler driver, system interaction (take GNU/Linux for example), linker, C runtime library, and the related dynamic linker. Instead of analyzing the system design, the session is use case driven and illustrated progressively.
GNU Toolchain is the de facto standard of IT industrial and has been improved by comprehensive open source contributions. In this session, it is expected to cover the mechanism of compiler driver, system interaction (take GNU/Linux for example), linker, C runtime library, and the related dynamic linker. Instead of analyzing the system design, the session is use case driven and illustrated progressively.
Project humix overview - For Raspberry pi community meetupJeffrey Liu
Project Humix is a robot middleware based on IoT architecture and cognitive services. It provides a visual programming environment called NodeRed for creating robot logics and state machines. The Humix architecture connects physical robots to cloud services through modules for tasks like facial recognition, acoustic analysis, and motion detection. Module status and diagnostics are monitored on the cloud dashboard for troubleshooting. The project aims to develop more modules, skill packs, and enable self-learning capabilities for robots.
smallpt: Global Illumination in 99 lines of C++鍾誠 陳鍾誠
This document summarizes Kevin Beason's smallpt, a 99 line path tracer written in C++. It begins with an overview of global illumination and path tracing. It then walks through the key parts of smallpt, including ray and vector classes, sphere intersections, scene description, camera setup, the rendering equation, path tracing algorithm, and functions for diffuse reflection, specular reflection, refraction, and more. The document provides explanations of the algorithms and math concepts used in smallpt.
This document discusses the history and development of computer architecture from early machines like Babbage's Analytical Engine to the modern von Neumann architecture. It then describes the specific architecture of the Hack computer being built, including its instruction memory, data memory divided into areas for general data, screen, and keyboard, and the CPU that fetches and executes instructions. The goal is to build this computer from basic logic gates and chips following the levels of abstraction presented.
The document discusses machine language and its relationship to hardware and software. Machine language can be viewed as a programmer-oriented abstraction of the hardware platform that allows manipulating memory using a processor and registers. It has both binary and symbolic representations. The Hack computer is presented as an example machine with a 16-bit instruction set consisting of A-instructions to set registers and C-instructions to perform arithmetic and logical operations. Examples are provided of coding common programming constructs like conditionals and loops in the Hack machine language.
This document discusses sequential logic and how it differs from combinational logic. Sequential logic operates on both data and a clock signal, allowing it to store state information. It presents a hierarchy of memory elements starting with flip-flops, then binary cells, registers, RAM, and counters. Registers and RAM are built from arrays of flip-flops. Counters store and increment a value over time. All sequential chips use flip-flops and a clock to synchronize state changes.
The document discusses Boolean arithmetic and building basic computing components like adders and arithmetic logic units (ALUs) using logic gates. It introduces binary number representation and addition, as well as representing negative numbers. Half adders and full adders are presented as the basic building blocks for adding bits and numbers. An n-bit adder can add two n-bit numbers by chaining together full adders. The ALU is designed to perform basic arithmetic and logical operations on inputs based on control bits, and is a key component in central processing units. The document provides a high-level overview of representing and performing arithmetic at the digital circuit level.
The document discusses Boolean logic and functions. It introduces Boolean algebra and some basic Boolean functions like AND, OR, and NOT. It explains that every Boolean function can be expressed using only AND, OR, and NOT. The document then discusses implementing Boolean functions using logic gates like NAND gates. It provides an example of building an AND gate from NAND gates. Finally, it discusses a hardware simulator that can be used to test HDL programs implementing Boolean functions and logic gates.
This document discusses Boolean arithmetic and the design of an adder chip. It explains how half adders and full adders can be used to build an n-bit adder to add two binary numbers. The document also introduces the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and how it can perform operations like addition, subtraction, AND, and OR using control bits and the logic of half and full adders. The ALU is a key component of the central processing unit (CPU) that allows computers to perform arithmetic and logical operations on data.
The document introduces the Nand2Tetris course which builds a modern computer from first principles. It starts with basic logic gates and progresses all the way to a high-level language. The course uses an abstraction-implementation paradigm, with each level providing abstract interfaces for the next. It covers topics like Boolean logic, machine language, assembly language, virtual machine implementation, compilers, and an operating system. The goal is to help students understand how computing systems work "under the hood".
14. C 語言
1972 年貝爾實驗室所發展出來的 C 語言
Ken Thompson 與 Dennis Ritchie (合稱 K & R)
K &R 用 C 語言設計出 UNIX 作業系統
C 語言特別適合用來撰寫作業系統等低階程式,因此是當今
系統程式的主要語言。
C 語言可以進行記憶體映射輸出入,這讓 C 語言特別適合用
來撰寫嵌入式的系統程式
27. 習題
1. 請說明何謂系統軟體?
2. 請列出你所知道的系統軟體。
3. 請說明系統軟體與系統程式兩者有何區別。
4. 請說明組合語言在系統軟體學習上的角色。
5. 請說明 C 語言在系統程式上的用途。
6. 請列出您所經常使用的程式語言,並說明其相關的系統軟體之用法。
7. 請從網路下載Dev C++ 軟體,並參照附錄 D 的説明,安裝並使用
Dev C++ 撰寫 C 語言程式,並學習該軟體的用法。
8. 請找出 Dev C++ 當中的GNU工具,並在設定好 PATH 環境變數後,
試用 gcc 指令編譯任意一個 C 語言程式 (設定方法請參考本書附錄
D)。