clear presentation on metabolism

1. 1
INTRODUCTION TO
METABOLISM
2/11/2024 BY Abbul H

2. INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM
1. Definition
 Metabolism is a highly coordinated cellular
activity in which many multi-enzyme systems
(metabolic pathways) are cooperated.

3. 2. Function
1. To obtain chemical energy by capturing solar energy or
degrading energy-rich nutrients
2. To convert nutrient molecules into the cell’s own characteristic
molecules
3. To polymerize monomeric precursors into macromolecules
4. To synthesize and degrade biomolecules required for
specialized cellular functions, such as membrane lipids,
intracellular messengers, and pigments
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INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM cont...
 Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical transformations
taking place in a cell or organism, occurs through a series of
enzyme-catalyzed reactions that constitute metabolic
pathways.
 Each of the consecutive steps in a metabolic pathway brings
about a specific, small chemical change, usually the removal,
transfer, or addition of a particular atom or functional group.
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5. The precursor is converted into a product through a
series of metabolic intermediates called metabolites.
The term intermediary metabolism is often applied
to the combined activities of all the metabolic
pathways that interconvert precursors, metabolites,
and products of low molecular weight.
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3.Types of Metabolic pathways
Three categories:
1. Anabolic pathways are those involved in the
synthesis of compounds. Protein synthesis is such a
pathway, as is the synthesis of fuel reserves of
triacylglycerol and glycogen. Anabolic pathways are
endergonic, divergent.
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7. 2. Catabolic pathways are involved in the breakdown
of larger molecules, commonly involving oxidative
reactions.
 They are exergonic, producing reducing
equivalents and, mainly ATP via the respiratory
chain.
Catabolic pathways are convergent reactions.
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8. 3. Amphibolic pathways occur at the “crossroads” of
metabolism, acting as links between the anabolic
and catabolic pathways, e.g, the citric acid cycle.
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Three types of nonlinear metabolic pathways:
(a) Converging, catabolic; (b) diverging, anabolic; and (c) cyclic
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 The pathways for the catabolism of dietary carbohydrate,
protein, and fat
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11. Specializes metabolic functions of mammalian tissues
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12. Energy relationships between catabolic and anabolic
pathways
Catabolic pathways deliver chemical energy in the form of ATP, NADH,
NADPH, and FADH2. These energy carriers are used in anabolic pathways
to convert small precursor molecules into cell macromolecules
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AN OVERVIEW OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
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AN OVERVIEW OF LIPID METABOLISM
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15. 15
OVERVIEW OF AMINOACID METABOLISM
Creatine (Glysine +
Argenine + Methionine
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Transport and fate of major carbohydrate and amino acid substrates
and metabolites
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Transport and fate of major lipid substrates and metabolites
(FFA, free fatty acids; LPL, lipoproteinlipase; MG, monoacylglycerol;
TG, triacylglycerol; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein)
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