The document defines and provides examples for several vocabulary words from Thinking Critically chapter one, including: 1) Accountable, adversary, suspend, mathematical proofs, and short shrift. 2) Launch, plagiarism, channel, computation, advocate, and ally. 3) Anonymous, frustration, explicitly, peer, penalty, and stance. 4) Indefensible, kosher, malicious, intimidating, sanctions, and academia.

1. Vocabulary from Thinking Critically, chapter
one
Thanks to MJ, Santos, Ray, Micky, Shihan, Eliza, Osayd, Sayed, Hana, Chloe,
Abdul, Hyde, Vy, Van, Phuc, Eddy, John, Guan, Chuong, Liu, Alex, Yen, Wilson,
Silvia, and Tien
0360 Spring 2017 at HCC
.

2. Accountable/Accountability
Meaning : Responsible (Adj) /Responsibility ( Noun )
Parents are accountable for the behavior of their children.
.

3. Adversary ( N )
• Meaning: Enemy ( Noun ); Opponent
• Chelsea soccer team won a game against their adversary yesterday.

4. Suspend (V)
=> Suspended ( Adj)
Definition: Temporarily prevent from continuing or being in force or
effect.
Example: Two officers were suspended from duty pending the outcome of
the investigation.

5. MATHEMATICAL PROOFS
• MEANING: SHOWING AND EXPLANNING HOW A MATH THEOREMS IS
TRUE AND HOW TO USE IT.

6. Short Shrift
noun
rapid and unsympathetic dismissal; curt treatment.
"the judge gave short shrift to an argument based on the right to free
speech” It means he didn’t give it deep consideration.

8. Launch(v): To introduce something new; to
inaugurate
The company is expected to launch several new products next year.

9. Plagiarism(n):the act of using another person's
words
Plagiarize(v)
• The student said she did not want her name associated with
plagiarism allegations.

10. Channel
/ˈCHanl/
Noun
Definition : the navigable part of a waterway.
i.e: "the channel to the north led us to the Black Sea“.
Verb
Definition : direct toward a particular end or object.
i.e: "advertisers channel money into radio“.
Alex

11. Computation
/kämpyəˈtāSH(ə)n/
Noun
Definition : the action of mathematical calculation.
i.e : "months of computation carried out on 200 computers"

12. Advocate
• Noun; a person who publicly
supports or recommends a
particular cause or policy
Example, my father is an
advocate of human rights.
• Verb; speaking in a favor of a
position.
Example, I advocate for the right of
free religion.

13. Ally; a person or organization that cooperates with
or helps another in a particular activity.
Example, he was forced to dismiss his closest
political ally.

14. Anonymous(Adj)
if someone is “anonymous”, no one
knows their name; used about
something that is done, written, etc. by
someone whose name is not known
Anonymity(Noun)
a situation in which the name of a
person who does something such as
write a book or give information is not
known or is kept secret

15. Frustration (Noun)
an annoyed or impatient feeling
that you get when you are
prevented from(can’t) doing
what you want

16. Explicitly (Adv)
In a clear and detailed manner, leaving no room for confusion or doubt
“Even if a person tells the truth explicitly and consistently; yet most
people will interpret his words with less intelligence and more intellect to
drive their benefits “
- Anuj somany

17. Peer (n)
Definition: One that is of equal standing with another; equals
Example: He was respected and admired by his peers.
Teenagers spending time with their peer groups.

18. Penalty (n)
• Definition: the suffering in person, rights, or property that is
annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime or
public offense.
• Example: The company was given a severe penalty for the violation.
They allowed him to pay back the money without a penalty.

19. Stance (n.)
a position on an issue
Example: What is your stance on
abortion? Should it be legal?
What is your stance on legalizing
marijuana? Should it be legal?

20. Indefensible (adj.)
• Definition: not able to be kept safe from damage or harm.
• Ex: the house is in an indefensible location.
• The students’ cheating was indefensible. You can’t defend it.

21. Kosher (adj)
• Definition: proper or acceptable.
Ex: selling or serving food ritually fit.
Also pertains to behavior.
What the students did wasn’t kosher and they knew that it was wrong.

22. Malicious (adjective)
Definition:
 Intended to do harm
 He took a malicious revenge by
cheating on his wife.

23. Intimidating
adjective
Definition:
 Frighten someone in order to
make them do what one wants.
 The boss was intimidating when he
ordered us to finish the overdue
work.
 Speaking in front of the class is an
intimidating situation. I’m afraid to
do it!

24. Sanctions (N)
• Definition : A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.
• It’s a kind of a punishment.
• Example : If found guilty of academic dishonesty, students could be
required to withdraw from the College for a year, among other
possible sanctions.

25. Academia (N)
• Definition : The environment concerned with the pursuit of research,
education, and scholarship.
• It’s an educational environment.
• Example : He spent his working life in academia.

26. Free-riding(V)
To benefit from
the work of
others; doing no
work

27. Hail(V)
Praise or approve a
person, action or
accomplishment with
enthusiasm.
The author hailed the
students as
collaborators rather
than cheaters.

28. Speculation (n)
• Definition: reasoning based on incomplete facts or information
• Example: Her speculations leave many questions unanswered.

29. Stance (n)
• Definition: attitude or view that somebody takes
• Example: I don't agree with your stance on gun control.

30. To POSE a question means to ASK a
question! It’s a good reporting verb, as
in:
The journalist posed the following
question: “Why was the man arrested
without any evidence?

31. Repercussion
Definition: an effect or
result, often indirect or
remote, of some event or
action

32. Defer
(V)
Meaning:
Put off, delay
Example:
They deferred the
decsion until February.

33. Implicate
(V)
Meaning:
To be involved in some crime
or partly responsible for
something bad.
Example:
Did they have any evidence to
implicate him in the robbery?

34. Police (V)
• Definition: enforce the provisions of (a law, agreement, or treaty)
• Family words: Police (Noun)
• Example: The military restrictions of Germany in
World War 1 were policed by the Allied Powers.
Example: Teachers do not want to police their students!

35. Probation(N)
• Definition: If a student's grades and/or GPA are not high enough to
continue in school, they can be put on probation. This is a period of
time in which they have to improve their scores or else leave the
program.
• Example: In HCC, if your GPA is under 2.0, you will be on probation.

36. Arbitrary(adj.)
[ˈɑ:rbətreri]
• Definitions:
based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or
system.
Synonyms:
capricious, whimsical, random, chance, unpredictable, casual, wanton,
unmotivated, motiveless, unreasoned
• Examples:
His numbering system is an arbitrary designation based on small amino
acid sequence differences.

38. Breakthroughs(n)
['sɪnənɪmz]
• Definitions:
a sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development.
• Synonyms:
advance, development, step
forward, success, improvement, discovery, innovation
• Examples:
Two recent major breakthroughs have revolutionized cattle-human
comparative mapping.

39. PEDAGOGY(N)
the method and practice of teaching, especially as
an academic subject or theoretical concept.

40. Mediocrity (n)
the quality of something that is not very good, the quality of
something that is not very good

41. LEAKED (v)
• Regular form: Leak (v,n)
• Definition
1. Leak (n):
- a hole caused by damage or wear through which liquid seeps.
- revealing of secret or confidential information.
2. Leak (v):
- To allow a liquid or other substance to enter or escape through a small hole
- To let secret information be revealed

42. MALFEASANCE (n)
• Definition:
the performance by a public official of an act that is legally unjustified,harmful, or contrary to law;
wrongdoing (used especially of an act inviolation of a public trust).