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HIGHWAY MATERIALS
Part 2
Compaction and CBR
Mr Che Ros Ismail| Dr Norhidayah Abdul Hassan
Faculty of Civil Engineering
How to determine the
strength or bearing
capacity of soil?
2
3
Two major processes
Compaction test
(determine Maximum Dry
Density, MDD and Optimum
Moisture Content, OMC)
California Bearing Ratio test
(determine CBR value)
Compaction
4
Data and analysis
Calculate dry density and
moisture content (plot DD vs. MC)
Determine MDD and OMC
Compaction of sample
Tools: mold 2.3L, hammer 4.5 kg
Procedures: compacted for 5
layers, 62 blows/layer
Sample preparation
dry soil (particle size ≤ 20mm) 5 different moisture contents
5
1
2
Compaction steps
Compaction steps
6
3
4
7
4
5
Compaction steps
Example Data:
Compaction data:
Moisture content data:
Sample
1
Sample
2
Sample
3
Sample
4
Sample
5
Mass of mould (g)
Mass of mould + compacted sample (g)
Mass of compacted sample (g)
Bulk Density (Mg/m3)
Dry density (Mg/m3)
Sample
1
Sample
2
Sample
3
Sample
4
Sample
5
Mass of container (g)
Mass of container + wet sample (g)
Mass of container + dry sample (g)
Moisture content (%)
Dry Density vs. Moisture Content
Moisture Content
Dry Density
Compaction
Curve
MDD
OMC
CBR Test
Data and analysis
Determine dry density, Plot Load (kN)
vs. Penetration of Plunger (mm)
Determine Top and bottom CBR
values at 2.5 and 5 mm pen.
Compaction of sample
Tools: mold 2.3L, hammer 4.5
kg
Procedures: 3 samples, compacted for 5 layers,
65, 35, 15 blows/layer, soaked in water for 4 days
Sample preparation
dry soil (particle size ≤ 20mm) optimum moisture content
11
Top
Bottom
Soaked CBR
12
CBR Testing
Sample
Penetration
dial gauge
Loading
dial gauge
13
CBR 1
0 2 4 6 8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Penetration, mm
Load,
kN
2.5 5.0
14
CBR 2
0 2 4 6 8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Penetration, mm
Load,
kN
2.5 5.0
15
CBR 3
0 2 4 6 8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Penetration, mm
Load,
kN
0 2.5mm 5.0mm
Tangent line
CBR analysis
1. Calculate CBR values of top and bottom @ 2.5 and 5.0mm:
CBR@2.5mm = load at 2.5mm/13.24 x100
CBR@5.0mm = load at 5.0mm/19.96 x100
2. Report the highest CBR values for top and bottom and dry
density for all 3 samples
3. Plot CBR values versus dry density and determine CBR at
95% compaction (95% MDD)
16
CBR vs. DD Data
17
18
CBR vs. DD
95% compaction = 95% MDD
19
In-situ CBR
THANK YOU

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02-Highway_Materials_-_Compaction___CBR.pdf