2. Review of Linux Basics

3. 4
Key Knowledge Area
● Linux Directory Structure
● File Permissions and Security
● Common Linux Commands and Programs
● Working with Linux Shells
● Bash Shell Scripting

4. 5
Linux Directory Structure

5. 6
Navigating the Linux File System
● Change Directory
# cd /home/user
# cd ..
# pwd
/home
# cd user/Downloads
# cd /home/user
# cd ..
# pwd
/home
# cd user/Downloads

6. 7
File Permissions and Security
:‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫اعمال‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫سه‬ ‫در‬ ‫لینوکس‬ ‫فایل‬ ‫سیستم‬ ‫در‬ ‫دسترسی‬
●) ‫کاربر‬user‫پوشه‬ ‫یا‬ ‫فایل‬ ‫مالک‬ ‫کاربر‬ : (
●) ‫گروه‬group‫پوشه‬ ‫یا‬ ‫فایل‬ ‫مالک‬ ‫گروه‬ : (
●) ‫دیگران‬other‫فایل‬ ‫مالک‬ ‫غیر‬ ‫به‬ ‫ها‬‫گروه‬ ‫و‬ ‫کاربران‬ : (
$ ls -l
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 Oct 13 13:19 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 Oct 13 13:19 Documents
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 Oct 13 13:19 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 Oct 13 13:19 Music
$ ls -l
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 Oct 13 13:19 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 Oct 13 13:19 Documents
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 Oct 13 13:19 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 Oct 13 13:19 Music
# umask
0022
# umask
0022

7. 8
SETUID and SETGID
●SETUID
●‫را‬ ‫آن‬ ‫تواند‬‫می‬ ‫کاربری‬ ‫هر‬ ، ‫شود‬ ‫داده‬ ‫فایلی‬ ‫به‬ ‫مجوز‬ ‫این‬ ‫که‬ ‫صورتی‬ ‫در‬ :‫فایل‬ ‫روی‬ ‫بر‬
.‫کند‬ ‫اجرا‬ ‫فایل‬ ‫صاحب‬ ‫مجوز‬ ‫با‬
●.‫ندارد‬ ‫اثری‬ ‫هیچ‬ ‫ها‬ ‫پوشه‬ ‫برای‬ ‫مجوز‬ ‫این‬ :‫پوشه‬ ‫روی‬ ‫بر‬
●SETGID
●.‫کند‬ ‫اجرا‬ ‫گروه‬ ‫مجوز‬ ‫با‬ ‫را‬ ‫فایل‬ ‫تواند‬‫می‬ ‫کاربری‬ ‫هر‬ :‫فایل‬ ‫روی‬ ‫بر‬
●‫خواهد‬ ‫مالک‬ ‫گروه‬ ‫مالکیت‬ ‫در‬ ‫پوشه‬ ‫در‬ ‫شده‬ ‫ساخته‬ ‫جدید‬ ‫فایل‬ ‫هر‬ :‫پوشه‬ ‫روی‬ ‫بر‬
‫صورت‬ ‫به‬ ‫کاربران‬ ‫که‬ ‫هایی‬ ‫پوشه‬ ‫در‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫برای‬ .‫فایل‬ ‫سازنده‬ ‫گروه‬ ‫نه‬ ‫و‬ ‫بود‬
‫است‬ ‫مناسب‬ ‫کنند‬‫می‬ ‫کار‬ ‫مشترک‬

8. 9
File Security Attributes
● lsattr and chattr
a : append only
c : compressed
d : no dump
e : extent format
i : immutable
j : data journalling
s : secure deletion
t : no tail-merging
u : undeletable
A : no atime updates
C : no copy on write
D : synchronous directory updates
S : synchronous updates
T : top of directory hierarchy
a : append only
c : compressed
d : no dump
e : extent format
i : immutable
j : data journalling
s : secure deletion
t : no tail-merging
u : undeletable
A : no atime updates
C : no copy on write
D : synchronous directory updates
S : synchronous updates
T : top of directory hierarchy
# chattr +i /path/to/file# chattr +i /path/to/file

9. 10
Manipulating Files and Directories
Work with file
rm
cp
rmdir
mkdir
mv
File and Dir
cd
ls
Home Dir
Tiled ~
.and..

10. 11
Viewing and Searching Files
Search
find
locate
grep
head,tail
which

11. 12
Environment and Shell Variables
● Shell Variables
● Enviroment Variables
# unset varname# unset varname
# varname=value# varname=value
# export varname=value# export varname=value
# echo $varname# echo $varname

12. 13
Bash Shell Scripting
● She Bang
$ vi helloworld.sh
#!/bin/bash
var=oracle
echo $var
$ vi helloworld.sh
#!/bin/bash
var=oracle
echo $var

13. 14
Bash Shell Scripting: Conditions
● Conditions
test expression
[ expression ]
help test
test expression
[ expression ]
help test
if [ expression ]
then
commands
elif [ expression ]
then
commands
else
commands
fi
if [ expression ]
then
commands
elif [ expression ]
then
commands
else
commands
fi

14. 15
Bash Shell Scripting: case
●‫گزینه‬ ‫چندین‬ ‫انتخاب‬
case $variable in
1 ) echo "You entered one”
;;
2 ) echo "You entered two
;;
3 ) echo "You entered three”
;;
* ) echo "You did not enter a number”
echo "between 1 and 3”
esac
case $variable in
1 ) echo "You entered one”
;;
2 ) echo "You entered two
;;
3 ) echo "You entered three”
;;
* ) echo "You did not enter a number”
echo "between 1 and 3”
esac

15. 16
Bash Shell Scripting: while
●‫است‬ ‫درست‬ ‫شرط‬ ‫که‬ ‫تازمانی‬
while [ test ]
do
commands
done
while [ test ]
do
commands
done

16. 17
Bash Shell Scripting: In-List Syntax of for
for I in list
do
commands
done
for I in list
do
commands
done
for I in /path/to/*
do
commands to $I
done
for I in /path/to/*
do
commands to $I
done

17. 18
Bash Shell Scripting: Controlled Loop Syntax of for
for (( c=1; c<=5; c++ ))
do
commands
done
for (( c=1; c<=5; c++ ))
do
commands
done
for I in {start..end..step}
do
commands
done
for I in {start..end..step}
do
commands
done