Michal wolanski, viešojo transporto integracija regione, gdanskas–gdynė–sopotas

Integration case of Tricity Metropolitan
Area (Gdansk-Gdynia-Sopot)
Prof. dr hab. Olgierd Wyszomirski
Dr Marcin Wolek
Dr Michał Wolański
Chair on Transportation Market
Faculty of Economics
University of Gdansk

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The organisation of urban public transport in Poland
including the case of Gdynia and the Metropolitan Area of Gdansk Bay
The area scope and the modes of public transport
in Poland
Urban public transport in Poland operates within the urban and
village communes (administrative units) organically connected with
towns.
All networks of urban public transport use buses. Additionally,
14 networks use trams, and 3 networks- trolleybuses, while one
network uses underground and city trains (Warsaw).

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Restructuring of the urban public transport in Poland
There occurs a tendency in Poland to separate the transport
organisation from the transport execution and to introduce competition
in bus transport system.
Between 1991 – 2013 almost 40 specialised units dealing with the
organisation of urban transport were called into being in the form
of the so called organising authorities. Only in a few cases the
organising authority was liquidated and the organisation responsibilities
were handed over to an urban transportation company.

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Forms of activity of urban public transport organising
authorities in Poland
Most of the urban public transport organising authorities
operate in the form of a specialised budget unit of a commune (one as
a specialised limited liability company). Some urban public transport
organising authorities operate within the road (infrastructure) and
transport organising authorities as their departments. Still other urban
public transport organising authorities function as a branch office of
inter - commune union of public transport.

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Scope of organisation tasks of the urban public
transport organising authorities in Poland
The scope of organisation tasks of the urban public transport
organising authorities in Poland is varied. Organising authorities whose
range of tasks is narrowest plan the development of the urban public
transport only. Those organising authorities whose range of tasks
is widest deal with the supervision and traffic regulation of the
vehicles.
There are no public transport organising authorities which organise
regional transport beside organising urban transport. Operators are
in charge of organising regional transport by themselves.

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Operators which have contracts with the urban public
transport organising authorities in Poland
Urban public transport organising authorities in Poland have
contracts with operators mainly, which are owned by communes and
appear mostly in the form of limited liability companies. Their share in
the market is dominant. Private operators, whose share in the market
ranges from about several to several tenth of percent, function in the
bus transportation system only. It is only in one city (Elbląg) where
three private operators provide services to 100% of the bus market.

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Urban public transport organising authority
in Gdynia
Zarząd Komunikacji Miejskiej w Gdyni (The Urban Transport
Organising Authority of Gdynia) is the oldest existing urban public
transport organising unit in Poland. It was established in 1992.
Urban Public Transport Organising Authority in Gdynia cooperates with
Metropolitalny Związek Komunikacyjny Zatoki Gdańskiej (Metropolitan
Transportation Union of the Gdańsk Bay), which integrates the
functions of the urban public transport within the area
of 14 communes.

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Gdynia and the Metropolitan Area of Gdańsk Bay
as an area of public transport operations (1/3)
Gdynia is the second biggest city
considering the number of inhabitants
(250 thousand inhabitants) in the
Metropolitan Area of the Gdańsk Bay,
comprising 14 communes, including
8 urban communes. Gdańsk is the
main city of the Conurbation
(450 thousand inhabitants).

9
The Conurbation is a very important transportation hub and one
of the biggest economic, academic, scientific and cultural centres
located
in northern Poland. The part of the Conurbation is Tri-City comprising
Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia.
The Conurbation covers the area of 1200 square kilometres and
it has almost one million inhabitants.
Both in Gdynia and Sopot buses, trolleybuses and urban trains
are used. Buses, tramways and urban trains are used in Gdańsk.

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Buses are used on the remaining area of the Conurbation and
urban trains in most of the communes.

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Mobility and modal split in Gdynia (2013)
 employed people: 1.85 trips per day;
 unemployed people: 0,85 trips per day;
 retired people: 1,17 trips per day;
 retired disabled people: 0.88 trips per day;
 pupils and students: 1,74 trips per day;
 people traveling always by public transport: 1.28 trips per day;
 people traveling always by public transport 2.04 trips per day;
 average: 1.64 trips per day;
 public transport: 45% of non-walking trips;
 passenger cars: 53% of non-walking trips;
 bicycles : 1 % of non-walking trips.

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Stages of urban transport restructuring in Gdynia (1/2)
1. Establishing the Urban Transport Organising Authority and opening
transportation services to competetive transport operators (1992).
2. Liquidation of the monopoly of the urban transport company and
establishing three companies on the basis of its property (1994):
– company using buses and trolleybuses;
– company using buses only;
– company providing the repairing services of vehicles and rebuilding
bus bodies into trolleybus bodies.

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Stages of urban transport restructuring in Gdynia
(2/2)
3. Transforming the bus and trolleybus company (1998) into two
seperate companies: one using trolleybuses and the other using
buses only.
4. Privatising the company providing repairing services and changing
bus bodies into trolleybus bodies (after a few years of operating
as a private entity this company was liquidated).

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Tasks of the Organising Authority of Public Transport
(ZKM) in Gdynia
 planning public transport development;
 scheduling;
 preparing tariff drafts;
 contracting operators;
 issuing, distributing and inspecting tickets;
 supervising and controlling operation of transport and regulating
traffic;
 maintaining stations and stops;
 informing about public transport operation;
 carrying out marketing research.

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Scope and size of the Public Transport Organising
Authority market in Gdynia (1/2)
The market of the Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia
comprises Gdynia commune (250 thousand inhabitants) and
6 neighbouring urban and village communes (altogether 120 thousand
inhabitants).
At the commission of the Urban Public Transport Authority in Gdynia
function:
 1 trolleybus operator( which share in the whole number of vehicle -
kilometers is 26 % ).
 5 bus operators ( 2 communal and 3 private, which share in the
number of bus vehicle - kilometers is 25 % ).

Scope and size of the Public Transport Organising
Authority market in Gdynia (2/2)
Urban trains operate beyond the Urban Transport Organising Authority
market in Gdynia. The yearly number of passengers of the Urban
Transport Organising Authority in Gdynia is almost 90 mln, including
almost 80 mln in Gdynia. Operators perform 19 mln vehicle kilometres
in total, including 16, 5 mln in Gdynia.
The public transport market in Gdynia is a part of public transport
market of the Metropolitan Area of Gdańsk Bay.

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Contracting transport services by the Organising
Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia (1/2)
Three operators owned by Gdynia commune (PKA, PKM and
PKT), have been operating since the 1st of December 2009 within the
entrusted activity, subject to the City of Gdynia Council Resolution and
executory agreement with the Organising Authority of Public Transport
in Gdynia, according to the EU resolutions No 1191 dated from 1969
and No 1370 dated from 2007. Cost division of these operators into the
entrusted activity and commercial activity as well as the level of the
entrusted activity costs are subject to audit carried out by the
Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia.

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Contracting transport services by the Organising
Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia (2/2)
Private operators provide transport services on the basis of
contracts signed as a result of tendering procedure carried out by the
Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia according to the
Polish Public Procurement Law.

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Trolleybus transport development in Gdynia (1/2)
Between the years 2004 – 2007
within the project co-financed
by the European Union:
 new trolleybus routes of the
total length of almost 11 km as
well as a modern trolleybus
depot for 90 vehicles were built
in Gdynia;
 10 new low-floor trolleybuses
were purchased.

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Trolleybus transport development in Gdynia (2/2)
Modernisation of a part of the trolleybus network as well as it’s
electricity supply was carried out between the years 2010 – 2012
within the frames of another project co-financed by the EU as well
as 28 new trolleybuses equipped with an additional auxiliary drive were
purchased.

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Ecological buses in Gdynia
PKM (Urban Transport Company) in
Gdynia, an operator which is owned
by Gdynia commune, bought 16 new
articulated buses in the period 2007-
2012, supplied with compressed
natural gas (CNG).

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Funding of public transport organized
by the Organising Authority of Public Transport
in Gdynia
Transport services organized by the Organising
Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia are funded:
 in 44 % by ticket revenues;
 in 56 % by budget grants.
Some investments are funded by the European Union
and Gdynia city budget.

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Metropolitan Transport Union of Gdansk Bay ( 1/1)
The Metropolitan Transport Union of
Gdansk Bay was established in 2007
by 13 communes that form the
Metropolis of Gdansk Bay, including the
cities of Gdansk, Sopot, Gdynia and
Wejherowo.From 2013 14 communes
has been its members.
Its main task is to create integrated
and high quality public transport with
the Metropolis.

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Metropolitan Transport Union of Gdansk Bay
(Metropolitalny Związek Komunikacyjny Zatoki
Gdańskiej) (2/2)
The organizational structure of the Union consists of the
Assembly and the Board.The Assembly is the constitutive and
controling body of the Union.The Board is the executive body of the
Union.
Presently the Union’s task is the tariff and tickets integration as
well
as information and promotion integration of metropolitan public
transport. The aim is that the Union is to take over the tasks which the
local transport organising authorities are presently in charge of.

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The process of public transport integration
in the Metropolitan Area of Gdansk Bay
In 2008 the Metropolitan Union of Gdansk Bay introduced
metropolitan (integration) tickets that enable passengers
to travel by all transport modes (buses, trams, trolleybuses, trains)
of 5 organizers using only one ticket. The organizers are:
 Public Transport Organising Authority in Gdansk;
 Public Transport Organising Authority in Gdynia;
 Organizer and operator of Urban Public Transport in Wejherowo;
 Organizer and operator of Urban Rail Transport in Metropolis;
 Organizer and operator of Regional Rail Transport in Metropolis.

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Metropolitan tickets in the Metropolitan Area
of Gdansk Bay (1/2)
Metropolitan tickets are issued by the Union of Gdansk Bay Public
Transport and distributed by the local public transport organizers
including the railway.
All member communes pay annual levy for the Union. Money are then
remitted to local public transport organizers to compensate their lost
revenues (due to accepting metropolitan tickets).
The Union is also responsible for collecting revenues from metropolitan
tickets and allocating them among local public transport organizers.

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Metropolitan tickets in the Metropolitan Area
of Gdansk Bay (2/2)
Metropolitan tickets are available as:
 24 – hour;
 72 – hour;
 30 – days and monthly;
 one ride.
24 – hour and 72 – hour tickets are
sold as paper and electronic ones.
30 – days and monthly tickets are
available only as electronic ones.
One ride tickets are avaible as
paper and mobile phone ones.

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Urban Railway in the Metropolitan Area
of Gdansk Bay (1/2)
Urban railway is the backbone of the metropolitan area’s public
transport network.
It has 33 stations within the Metropolitan
Area of Gdańsk Bay. In peak time trains are
running every 7-8 minutes. The urban
railway stakeholders are:
Polish State Treasury;
Polish Railways;
Pomeranian Province;
Cities of Gdansk, Gdynia, Sopot and
Pruszcz Gdanski.

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Urban Railway in the Metropolitan Area
of Gdansk Bay (2/2)
The number of passengers carried by urban railway is almost 40
milion.
A new urban railway line called Pomeranian
Metropolitan Railway is almost completed.

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Main directions in the public transport
development
in the Metropolitan Area of Gdańsk Bay
 Extension and modernisation of tramway and trolleybus network
as well as purchase of advanced technology tramways, trolleybuses
and buses.;
 Implementation of the Metropolitan Rail project as an another urban
train line;
 Making possible to store single tickets on the smart cards of all the
organizers
 Taking responsibility for the organization and financing of public
transport in the whole metropolitan area by the Metropolitan Union
of Gdansk Bay.

Contact
Dr Marcin Wolek
mwol@wp.pl
Dr Michal Wolanski
m.wolanski@michalwolanski.pl
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